جل
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
Root |
---|
ج ل ل (j-l-l) |
Adjective edit
جَلّ • (jall)
Declension edit
Declension of adjective جَلّ (jall)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | جَلّ jall |
الْجَلّ al-jall |
جَلَّة jalla |
الْجَلَّة al-jalla |
Nominative | جَلٌّ jallun |
الْجَلُّ al-jallu |
جَلَّةٌ jallatun |
الْجَلَّةُ al-jallatu |
Accusative | جَلًّا jallan |
الْجَلَّ al-jalla |
جَلَّةً jallatan |
الْجَلَّةَ al-jallata |
Genitive | جَلٍّ jallin |
الْجَلِّ al-jalli |
جَلَّةٍ jallatin |
الْجَلَّةِ al-jallati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | جَلَّيْن jallayn |
الْجَلَّيْن al-jallayn |
جَلَّتَيْن jallatayn |
الْجَلَّتَيْن al-jallatayn |
Nominative | جَلَّانِ jallāni |
الْجَلَّانِ al-jallāni |
جَلَّتَانِ jallatāni |
الْجَلَّتَانِ al-jallatāni |
Accusative | جَلَّيْنِ jallayni |
الْجَلَّيْنِ al-jallayni |
جَلَّتَيْنِ jallatayni |
الْجَلَّتَيْنِ al-jallatayni |
Genitive | جَلَّيْنِ jallayni |
الْجَلَّيْنِ al-jallayni |
جَلَّتَيْنِ jallatayni |
الْجَلَّتَيْنِ al-jallatayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
basic broken plural triptote | sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | جُلُوب julūb |
الْجُلُوب al-julūb |
جَلَّات jallāt |
الْجَلَّات al-jallāt |
Nominative | جُلُوبٌ julūbun |
الْجُلُوبُ al-julūbu |
جَلَّاتٌ jallātun |
الْجَلَّاتُ al-jallātu |
Accusative | جُلُوبًا julūban |
الْجُلُوبَ al-julūba |
جَلَّاتٍ jallātin |
الْجَلَّاتِ al-jallāti |
Genitive | جُلُوبٍ julūbin |
الْجُلُوبِ al-julūbi |
جَلَّاتٍ jallātin |
الْجَلَّاتِ al-jallāti |
Noun edit
جُلّ • (jull) m
- (construct) the bulk (of), the majority (of); the lion's share
- Synonym: أَكْثَر (ʔakṯar)
- مَا لَا يُدْرَكُ كُلُّهُ، لَا يُتْرَكُ جُلُّهُ.
- mā lā yudraku kulluhu, lā yutraku julluhu.
- What is not wholly achieved is not to be largely abandoned.
- 20th century, مُصْطَفَى صادِق الرافِعي, جل الناسِ أعداءُ :
- جل الناسِ أعداءُ على السرَّاءِ والضَّرَّا
فلا يغرُرْكَ مبتسمٌ وإن أبدى لكَ البشرا
ففي الصدر حزازاتٌ تكادُ تمزقُ الصدرا
ولو كادوا النجومَ هوتْ من الخضراءِ للغبرا
وما الدنيا إذا فكر تَ غير جهنمَ الصُّغرى
ألستَ ترى بها أمماً وكلٌّ تلعنُ الأخرى
لقد جرَّبْتُ جُلَّهُمُ فلمْ أر فيهمُ خيرا- Most men are rabid foes, / Be they in joy or woe!
Do not be fooled by smiles, / Even if seeming kind:
In their breasts is hateful fury, / almost tearing their hearts apart!
If men could plot against the stars, / The stars would fall into the mire.
Life, if you reflect, / Is but a "lesser Hell":
Do you not see in it many nations? / And each of them execrates the other!
I have appraised most sorts and kinds, / And in all, I saw no goodness!
- Most men are rabid foes, / Be they in joy or woe!
- جل الناسِ أعداءُ على السرَّاءِ والضَّرَّا
Declension edit
Declension of noun جُلّ (jull)
Verb edit
جَلَّ • (jalla) I, non-past يَجِلُّ (yajillu)
- to be illustrious
- to be beyond or above
- to be exalted or dignified
- to grow old
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of
جَلَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal nouns جَلَال or جَلَالَة)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
jalāl or jalāla | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
jāll | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | jalaltu |
jalalta |
جَلَّ jalla |
jalaltumā |
jallā |
jalalnā |
jalaltum |
jallū | |||
f | jalalti |
jallat |
jallatā |
jalaltunna |
jalalna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔajillu |
tajillu |
yajillu |
tajillāni |
yajillāni |
najillu |
tajillūna |
yajillūna | |||
f | tajillīna |
tajillu |
tajillāni |
tajlilna |
yajlilna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔajilla |
tajilla |
yajilla |
tajillā |
yajillā |
najilla |
tajillū |
yajillū | |||
f | tajillī |
tajilla |
tajillā |
tajlilna |
yajlilna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔajilla or ʔajilli or ʔajlil |
tajilla or tajilli or tajlil |
yajilla or yajilli or yajlil |
tajillā |
yajillā |
najilla or najilli or najlil |
tajillū |
yajillū | |||
f | tajillī |
tajilla or tajilli or tajlil |
tajillā |
tajlilna |
yajlilna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | jilla or jilli or ijlil |
jillā |
jillū |
||||||||
f | jillī |
ijlilna |
Etymology 2 edit
From Classical Persian گل (gul).
Noun edit
جُلّ • (jull) m
Declension edit
Declension of noun جُلّ (jull)
Etymology 3 edit
Borrowed from Iranian. Compare Central Kurdish جِل (cil, “beggar’s clothes”), Persian جل (joll, “horse-covering, saddle-cloth”), Balti [script needed] (jol, “horse cover”), Yagnobi [script needed] (jul, “horse-cloth”), Gurani [script needed] (jal, jul, “cover, cloth”). Doublet of شَلَّاق (šallāq), جُوَالَق (juwālaq), and جُوَال (juwāl).
Noun edit
جُلّ • (jull) m (plural أَجْلَال (ʔajlāl) or جِلَال (jilāl)) (regional)
- horse-covering, saddlecloth
- a. 869, الْجَاحِظ [al-jāḥiẓ], “باب ما يُجلب من البلدان من طرائف السلع والأمتعة والجواري والأحجار وغير ذلك [What one imports from strange countries in items, commodities, she-slaves, stones and else.]”, in التَبَصُّر بِٱلتِّجَارَة [at-tabaṣṣur bi-t-tijāra][1]:
- ومن السوس: الأُتْرُجُّ ودُهن البنفسج والشاه سبرم والجِلال والبراذع.
- From Sūs one gets citrons, violet-oil, basil, and horse-covers and pack-saddles.
- 1355, اِبْن بَطُّوطَة [ibn baṭṭūṭa, Ibn Baṭṭūṭa], edited by Charles Defrémery & Beniamino Sanguinetti, تُحْفَةُ ٱلنُّظَّارِ فِي غَرَائِبِ ٱلْأَمْصَارِ وَعَجَائِبِ ٱلْأَسْفَارِ [tuḥfatu n-nuẓẓāri fī ḡarāʔibi l-ʔamṣāri waʕajāʔibi l-ʔasfāri][2], volume II, Paris: L'imprimerie impériale/nationale, published 1854, page 35, line 2 a fine:
- وقد لبسوا التلاليس وجِلال الدوابّ وجعلوا فوق رءوسهم التراب والتبن.
- They were clothed in sacks and pelts of domestic beasts and had their heads covered with earth and straw.
Declension edit
Declension of noun جُلّ (jull)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جُلّ jull |
الْجُلّ al-jull |
جُلّ jull |
Nominative | جُلٌّ jullun |
الْجُلُّ al-jullu |
جُلُّ jullu |
Accusative | جُلًّا jullan |
الْجُلَّ al-julla |
جُلَّ julla |
Genitive | جُلٍّ jullin |
الْجُلِّ al-julli |
جُلِّ julli |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | جُلَّيْن jullayn |
الْجُلَّيْن al-jullayn |
جُلَّيْ jullay |
Nominative | جُلَّانِ jullāni |
الْجُلَّانِ al-jullāni |
جُلَّا jullā |
Accusative | جُلَّيْنِ jullayni |
الْجُلَّيْنِ al-jullayni |
جُلَّيْ jullay |
Genitive | جُلَّيْنِ jullayni |
الْجُلَّيْنِ al-jullayni |
جُلَّيْ jullay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَجْلَال; جِلَال ʔajlāl; jilāl |
الْأَجْلَال; الْجِلَال al-ʔajlāl; al-jilāl |
أَجْلَال; جِلَال ʔajlāl; jilāl |
Nominative | أَجْلَالٌ; جِلَالٌ ʔajlālun; jilālun |
الْأَجْلَالُ; الْجِلَالُ al-ʔajlālu; al-jilālu |
أَجْلَالُ; جِلَالُ ʔajlālu; jilālu |
Accusative | أَجْلَالًا; جِلَالًا ʔajlālan; jilālan |
الْأَجْلَالَ; الْجِلَالَ al-ʔajlāla; al-jilāla |
أَجْلَالَ; جِلَالَ ʔajlāla; jilāla |
Genitive | أَجْلَالٍ; جِلَالٍ ʔajlālin; jilālin |
الْأَجْلَالِ; الْجِلَالِ al-ʔajlāli; al-jilāli |
أَجْلَالِ; جِلَالِ ʔajlāli; jilāli |
References edit
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 103–104
- Rossi, Adriano Valerio (2011) “Ossetic and Balochi in V.I. Abaev’s SLOVAR'”, in Nartamongæ. The Journal of Alano-Ossetic Studies[3], volume 8, pages 251–255 (from 236)
Persian edit
Etymology edit
Perhaps cognate to Sanskrit चोल (cola). Borrowed as Arabic جُلّ (jull)
Noun edit
جل • (joll)
- horse-covering, saddlecloth
- veil (hung before a sanctuary)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Ottoman Turkish: چول (çul) (see there for further descendants)
References edit
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “جل”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 367
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Sanskrit जल (jala).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d͡ʒəl/
Noun edit
جَل • (jal) m (Hindi spelling जल)
- water
- Synonym: پانی (pānī)
- ناصر شہزاد (Nāsir Śahzād) :
- جل میں ٹھہرا ترا مرا چہرا
کیسا دریا تھا وہ سبھا کیسی- jal mẽ ṭhahrā tirā mirā cehrā
kaisā dariyā thā voh sabhā kaisī
- jal mẽ ṭhahrā tirā mirā cehrā
- جل میں ٹھہرا ترا مرا چہرا