جال

Arabic

Etymology 1.1

From the root ج و ل (j-w-l). Compare Hebrew גַּל (gal, “wave, tide”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaː.la/

Verb

جَالَ • (jāla) I (non-past يَجُولُ (yajūlu), verbal noun جَوْل (jawl) or جَوْلَة (jawla) or جَوَلَا (jawalā))

1. to wander, to travel, to roam, to pass, to go around and through
   1. (of an idea, thought) to come to mind; to think

      مَا الَّذِي يَجُولُ فِي ذِهْنِكِ؟ ― mā llaḏī yajūlu fī ḏihniki? ― What is on your mind?

Conjugation

    Conjugation of جَالَ (I, hollow, a ~ u, impersonal passive, verbal nouns جَوْل, جَوْلَة, جَوَلَا)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						جَوْل, جَوْلَة, جَوَلَا jawl, jawla, jawalā
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						جَائِل jāʔil
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَجُول majūl
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جُلْتُ jultu	جُلْتَ julta	جَالَ jāla		جُلْتُمَا jultumā	جَالَا jālā		جُلْنَا julnā	جُلْتُمْ jultum	جَالُوا jālū
	f		جُلْتِ julti	جَالَتْ jālat			جَالَتَا jālatā			جُلْتُنَّ jultunna	جُلْنَ julna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَجُولُ ʔajūlu	تَجُولُ tajūlu	يَجُولُ yajūlu		تَجُولَانِ tajūlāni	يَجُولَانِ yajūlāni		نَجُولُ najūlu	تَجُولُونَ tajūlūna	يَجُولُونَ yajūlūna
	f		تَجُولِينَ tajūlīna	تَجُولُ tajūlu			تَجُولَانِ tajūlāni			تَجُلْنَ tajulna	يَجُلْنَ yajulna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَجُولَ ʔajūla	تَجُولَ tajūla	يَجُولَ yajūla		تَجُولَا tajūlā	يَجُولَا yajūlā		نَجُولَ najūla	تَجُولُوا tajūlū	يَجُولُوا yajūlū
	f		تَجُولِي tajūlī	تَجُولَ tajūla			تَجُولَا tajūlā			تَجُلْنَ tajulna	يَجُلْنَ yajulna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَجُلْ ʔajul	تَجُلْ tajul	يَجُلْ yajul		تَجُولَا tajūlā	يَجُولَا yajūlā		نَجُلْ najul	تَجُولُوا tajūlū	يَجُولُوا yajūlū
	f		تَجُولِي tajūlī	تَجُلْ tajul			تَجُولَا tajūlā			تَجُلْنَ tajulna	يَجُلْنَ yajulna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		جُلْ jul			جُولَا jūlā				جُولُوا jūlū
	f		جُولِي jūlī							جُلْنَ julna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	جِيلَ jīla		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُجَالُ yujālu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُجَالَ yujāla		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُجَلْ yujal		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaːl/

Noun

جَال • (jāl) m (plural أَجْوَال (ʔajwāl))

1. edge, (of well, valley, sea, etc), shore

Declension

Declension of noun جَال (jāl)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَال jāl	الْجَال al-jāl	جَال jāl
Nominative	جَالٌ jālun	الْجَالُ al-jālu	جَالُ jālu
Accusative	جَالًا jālan	الْجَالَ al-jāla	جَالَ jāla
Genitive	جَالٍ jālin	الْجَالِ al-jāli	جَالِ jāli
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَالَيْن jālayn	الْجَالَيْن al-jālayn	جَالَيْ jālay
Nominative	جَالَانِ jālāni	الْجَالَانِ al-jālāni	جَالَا jālā
Accusative	جَالَيْنِ jālayni	الْجَالَيْنِ al-jālayni	جَالَيْ jālay
Genitive	جَالَيْنِ jālayni	الْجَالَيْنِ al-jālayni	جَالَيْ jālay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَجْوَال ʔajwāl	الْأَجْوَال al-ʔajwāl	أَجْوَال ʔajwāl
Nominative	أَجْوَالٌ ʔajwālun	الْأَجْوَالُ al-ʔajwālu	أَجْوَالُ ʔajwālu
Accusative	أَجْوَالًا ʔajwālan	الْأَجْوَالَ al-ʔajwāla	أَجْوَالَ ʔajwāla
Genitive	أَجْوَالٍ ʔajwālin	الْأَجْوَالِ al-ʔajwāli	أَجْوَالِ ʔajwāli

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: جال (jāl, “shore, beach”)

Bulgar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yāĺ.

Noun

جال (cāl)

1. (Volga Bulgar) year

Descendants

• Chuvash: ҫул (śul)

References

• A Volga Bulgarıan Inscription From 1307 A. Róna-tas, page 162 [1]

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Hindustani جال / जाल (jāl), from Sanskrit जाल (jāla).

Pronunciation

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑːl]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑːl]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑːl]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɔːl̥]

Readings
Dari reading?	jāl

Noun

جال • (jāl) (Dari)

1. net

Derived terms

• جَالِی (jālī)

Punjabi

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒäːɭə̆/, /d͡ʒäːlə̆/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit जाल (jāla). Compare Hindi जाल (jāl) and Urdu جال (jāl).

Noun

جاࣇ • (jāḷ) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਜਾਲ or ਜਾਲ਼)

1. net
2. (figuratively) trap

   اوْہ آپݨے جال وِچّ ہی پَھسّ جاݨ گے۔

   oh āpṇe jāl vicc hī phass jāṇ ge.

   They will fall into their own trap.

   (literally, “They own trap in too stuck will be.”)

Declension

Declension of جال
dir. sg.	جال (jāl)
dir. pl.	جال (jāl)
	singular	plural
direct	جال (jāl)	جال (jāl)
oblique	جال (jāl)	جالاں (jālāṉ)
vocative	جالا (jālā)	جالو (jālo)
ablative	جالوں (jāloṉ)	جالاں (jālāṉ)
locative	جالے (jāle)	جالِیں (jālīṉ)
instrumental	جالوں (jāloṉ)	–

Etymology 2

Corrupted from یال.

Noun

جال • (jāl) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਜਾਲ)

1. Alternative form of یال

References

• “جال”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “جال”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

Urdu

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit जाल (jāla). Cognate with Assamese জাল (zal), Punjabi ਜਾਲ਼ (jāḷ), Sinhalese දැල (dæla).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɑːl/
• Rhymes: -ɑːl

Noun

جال • (jāl) m (Hindi spelling जाल)

1. net
2. (figuratively) trap, snare
3. (rare) web, spider web

   Synonym: جالا (jālā)

4. (computing, neologism) net, network, web

Declension

Declension of جال
	singular	plural
direct	جال (jāl)	جال (jāl)
oblique	جال (jāl)	جالوں (jālō̃)
vocative	جال (jāl)	جالو (jālō)

Descendants

• → Persian:

  Dari: جَال (jāl)

References

• “جال”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “جال”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.