سنگ

See also: شنگ‎

Baluchi

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *Hacangáh.

Noun

سنگ • (sang, sing)

1. stone

Kermanic

Alternative forms

• Nayini: سینگ‎ (sēng)

Etymology

From Old Median *asangáh, from Proto-Iranian *Hacangáh.

Pronunciation

• (Gazi, Kafroni, Sedehi) IPA^(key): /sɑŋɡ/
• (Kese'i, Khunsari, Mahallati, Meyme'i, Qohrudi, Vonishuni, Zefre'i) IPA^(key): /seŋɡ/
• (Soi) IPA^(key): /sæŋɡ/

Noun

سنگ (seng, sang, säng)

1. stone

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian KYPA / sng (sang, “stone, rock”). Cognate with Parthian (Manichaean) 𐫀𐫘𐫗𐫃‎ (ʾsng /⁠asang⁠/, “stone”), Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬥‎ (asan, “stone”), 𐬀𐬯𐬆𐬥𐬔𐬀‎ (asənga, “stone”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎰𐎥 (a-θ-g /⁠aθaⁿgaʰ⁠/, “stone, rock”), Old Median *asan- (“stone”) (> Old Persian stone (/⁠asan⁠/)), Tat səng, Khotanese [script needed] (sam̥gga-, “stone”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”), because of the cutting sharpness of stone.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [sanɡ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [säŋɡ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [säŋɡ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [säŋɡ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [säŋɡ̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sæɲɡʲ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [säŋɡ]

Readings
Classical reading?	sang
Dari reading?	sang
Iranian reading?	sang
Tajik reading?	sang

Noun

Dari	سنگ
Iranian Persian
Tajik	санг

سنگ • (sang) (plural سنگ‌ها‎ (sang-hâ))

1. stone, rock
2. tombstone
3. (archaic) authority, dignity

Synonyms

• ریگ‎ (rêg)
• حجر‎ (hajar) (archaic)

Derived terms

• بی‌سنگی‎ (bê-sangi)
• تخته‌سنگ‎ (taxte-sang)
• خرسنگ‎ (xarsang)
• ذغال‌سنگ‎ (zoğâl-sang)
• سنگ به سینه زدن‎ (sang be sine zadan)
• سنگ نما‎ (sang-e namâ)
• سنگ نمک‎ (sang-e namak)
• سنگدل‎ (sangdel)
• سنگریزه‎ (sangrize)
• سنگسار‎ (sangsâr)
• سنگک‎ (sangak)
• سنگین‎ (sangin)
• سنگی‎ (sangi)
• سنگ‌تراش‎ (sang-tarâš)
• سنگ‌فرش‎ (sang-farš)
• سنگ‌پا‎ (sang-e-pâ)
• فرسنگ‎ (farsang)
• قلوه‌سنگ‎ (qolve-sang)
• پاره‌سنگ‎ (pâre-sang)

 

Descendants

• Coptic: ⲃⲁⲥⲛϭ (basnc)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: संग (saṅg)

  Urdu: سنگ‎ (saṅg)

• Ottoman Turkish: سنگ‎ (seng)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਸੰਗ (saṅg)

  Shahmukhi script: سنگ‎ (saṅg)

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “سنگ”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “sang”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 74
• Bailey, H. W. (1979), “sam̥gga-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 417a
• Bartholomae, Christian (1904) Altiranisches Wörterbuch [Old Iranian Dictionary]‎^[1] (in German), Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, column 210
• Kent, Roland G. (1950), “aθaⁿga-”, in Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, page 166

Etymology 2

Deverbal noun of سنجیدن‎ (sanjidan) or سختن‎ (saxtan, “to weigh, compare”).

Noun

Dari	سنگ
Iranian Persian
Tajik	санг

سنگ • (sang)

1. (dated) weight
2. (dated) value, worth, price

Derived terms

• همسنگ‎ (hamsang, “equivalent”)

Urdu

Etymology 1

From Classical Persian سنگ‎ (sang, “stone”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /səŋɡ/

Noun

سَن٘گ • (saṅg) m (Hindi spelling संग)

1. stone

   Synonym: پَتَّھر‎ (patthar)

2. weight

Derived terms

• سَنْگ ساز‎ (sang-sāz, “stone-cutter”)
• سَنْگ سازی‎ (sang-sāzī, “stone-cutting”)
• سَنْگ ریزَہ‎ (sang-reza, “gravel”)
• سَنْگ بَسْتَہ‎ (sang-basta, “rocky”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit सङ्ग (saṅga).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /səŋɡ/

Adverb

سَن٘گ • (saṅg) (Hindi spelling संग or सङ्ग)

1. collectively
2. together

Noun

سَن٘گ • (saṅg) m (Hindi spelling संग or सङ्ग)

1. association, union; company
2. confluence, coherence; contact, connection
3. friendship; love
4. intimacy
5. intercourse

References

• “سنگ”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “سنگ”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884), “سنگ”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• “سنگ”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.