شکر

From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭪𐭥 (škʿ /⁠šakar⁠/), from Gandhari 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara), from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā, “ground or candied sugar, originally meaning grit, gravel”).

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʃak.ˈkaɾ], [ʃa.ˈkaɾ]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäk.kʰǽɾ], [ʃä.kʰǽɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃäk.kʰǽɾ], [ʃä.kʰǽɾ], [ʃɪ.kʰǽɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃäk.kʰǽɾ], [ʃä.kʰǽɾ], [ʃi.kʰǽɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃækʲ.kʰʲǽɹ], [ʃæ.kʰʲǽɹ], [ʃe.kʰʲǽɹ]
- (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [ʃe.kʰʲǽɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃä.kʰǽɾ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	šakkar, šakar
Dari reading^?	šakkar, šakar
Iranian reading^?	šakkar, šakar, šekar
Tajik reading^?	šakar

Noun edit


Iranian Persian	شکر
Dari	شکر
Tajik	шакар

شَکَر or شَکَّر or شِکَر • (šakar or šakkar or šekar)

sugar
(figurative) sweet, beautiful speech
- 1915, Muhammad Iqbal, اسرار خودی [The Secrets of the Self]:
  گرچه هندی در عذوبت شکر است، طرز گفتار دری شیرین‌تر است.
  garče hendi dar 'ozubat šekar ast, tarz-e goftâr-e dari širin-tar ast.
  Though the Indian [language, i.e. Urdu] is sugar in its sweetness, the way of Dari [i.e. Persian] speech is sweeter yet.

Derived terms edit

شکرشکن (šakar-šakan, šakkar-šakan, šekar-šakan, “mellifluous”, literally “sugar-breaking”)
شکری (šakari, šakkari, šekari)

Descendants edit

(See also the entries at Middle Persian škl and Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar) for descendants from Middle Persian)

→ Azerbaijani: şəkər
→ Baluchi: شکر (šakkal)
→ Bashkir: шәкәр (şəkər)
→ Chagatai: شکر
- Uyghur: شەكەر (sheker)
- Uzbek: shakar
→ Chechen: шекар (šekar)
→ Hindustani:
- Hindi: शक्कर (śakkar)
- Urdu: شکر (śakkar)
→ Karachay-Balkar: шекер (şeker)
→ Kazakh: шекер (şeker)
→ Kumyk: шекер (şeker)
→ Kyrgyz: шекер (şeker)
→ Proto-Mongolic: *šiker
- Buryat: шэхэр (šexer)
- East Yugur: shigir
- Middle Mongol:
  - Mongolian: ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ (sikir), ᠰᠢᠬᠡᠷ (siker), ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷ (čikir)
    - Khalkha: чихэр (čixer)
      - → Southern Altai: чикир (čikir)
      - → Tuvan: чигир (çigir)
    - Jerim: /ʃixər/
    - Juu Uda:
      - Baarin: /ʃixər/
      - Aru Khorchin: /t͡ʃʰixər/
    - Ulan Tsab: /t͡ʃixər/, /t͡ʃʰixər/
    - Shilingol: /t͡ʃixər/
    - Ordos: /ʃikxər/
  - → Arabic: شيكر (šiker, šikir)
  - → Chinese: 扯克兒／扯克儿 (čeker) (Beilu Yiyu)
  - → Uyghur: شېكەر (shëker)
- Written Oirat:
  - Kalmyk: шикр (şikr)
    - → Kalmyk: шикр-балта (şikr-balta)
    - → Southern Altai: шикир (šikir)
→ Ossetian: сӕкӕр (sækær)
→ Ottoman Turkish: شكر (şeker)
- Turkish: şeker
- → Adyghe: шэкэр (šɛkɛr)
- → Albanian: sheqer
- → Armenian: շեքեր (šekʻer)
- → Bulgarian: шеке́р (šekér)
- → Central Kurdish: شەکر (şekir)
- → Crimean Tatar: şeker
- → Gagauz: şeker
- → Gulf Arabic: شكر (shákar)
- → Iraqi Arabic: شكر (shákar)
- → Ladino: sheker
- → Laz: შექერი (şekeri), შეჩერი (şeçeri)
- → Macedonian: шеќер (šeḱer)
- → Northern Kurdish: şekir
- → Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: шећер
  Latin script: šećer
- → Zazaki: şeker
→ Pashto: شکره (šakᶕra)
→ Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੱਕਰ (śakkar)
- Shahmukhi script: شَکَّر (śakkar)
→ Shor: сакер (saker)
→ Sindhi: شَڪَرِ (śakari)
→ Tatar: шикәр (şikär)
→ Turkmen: şeker