عند
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
A contraction of ع ن ن (ʕ-n-n) or ع ي ن (ʕ-y-n) in the sense of viewing, and يَدَا (yadā, “hand”); see at hand, before one's eyes. Compare also لَدَى (ladā) and لَدُنْ (ladun) for parallel contractions and semantic senses.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
عِنْدَ • (ʕinda)
- near, with, at the house of
- at the time of
- جِئْتُكَ عِنْدَ شُرُوقِ الشَّمْسِ
- jiʔtuka ʕinda šurūqi š-šamsi
- I came to you at sunrise
- in one's sight, in one's opinion
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:15:
- إِذْ تَلَقَّوْنَهُ بِأَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَتَقُولُونَ بِأَفْوَاهِكُم مَّا لَيْسَ لَكُم بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَتَحْسَبُونَهُ هَيِّنًا وَهُوَ عِنْدَ ٱللَّهِ عَظِيمٌ
- ʔiḏ talaqqawnahu bi-ʔalsinatikum wa-taqūlūna bi-ʔafwāhikum mmā laysa lakum bihi ʕilmun wa-taḥsabūnahu hayyinan wa-huwa ʕinda llahi ʕaẓīmun
- When you received it with your tongues and said with your mouths that of which you had no knowledge and thought it was insignificant while it was, in the eyes of God, tremendous.
- a. 965, Al-Mutanabbi, ديوان أبي الطيب المتنبي:
- بِذَا قَضَتِ الْأَيَّامُ مَا بَيْنَ أَهْلِهَا / مَصَائِبُ قَوْمٍ عِنْدَ قَوْمٍ فَوَائِدُ
- biḏā qaḍati l-ʔayyāmu mā bayna ʔahlihā / maṣāʔibu qawmin ʕinda qawmin fawāʔidu
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- expresses possession, to have
Inflection edit
Inflected forms | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | عِنْدَ (ʕinda) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Masculine | Feminine | Common | Masculine | Feminine | |
First person | عِنْدِي (ʕindī) | عِنْدَنَا (ʕindanā) | |||
Second person | عِنْدَكَ (ʕindaka) | عِنْدَكِ (ʕindaki) | عِنْدَكُمَا (ʕindakumā) | عِنْدَكُمْ (ʕindakum) | عِنْدَكُنَّ (ʕindakunna) |
Third person | عِنْدَهُ (ʕindahu) | عِنْدَهَا (ʕindahā) | عِنْدَهُمَا (ʕindahumā) | عِنْدَهُمْ (ʕindahum) | عِنْدَهُنَّ (ʕindahunna) |
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- عِنْدَئِذٍ (ʕindaʔiḏin)
- عِنْدَمَا (ʕindamā)
Descendants edit
- Egyptian Arabic: عند (ʕand)
- Gulf Arabic: عند (ʕind)
- Moroccan Arabic: عند (ʕand)
- South Levantine Arabic: عند (ʕind)
- → Ottoman Turkish: عند (ind)
- Turkish: ind
- Maltese: għand
Etymology 2 edit
From the root ع ن د (ʕ-n-d).
Verb edit
عَنَدَ • (ʕanada) I, non-past يَعْنُدُ or يَعْنِدُ (yaʕnudu or yaʕnidu)
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
ʕunūd | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
ʕānid | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕanadtu |
ʕanadta |
عَنَدَ ʕanada |
ʕanadtumā |
ʕanadā |
ʕanadnā |
ʕanadtum |
ʕanadū | |||
f | ʕanadti |
ʕanadat |
ʕanadatā |
ʕanadtunna |
ʕanadna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaʕnudu or ʔaʕnidu |
taʕnudu or taʕnidu |
yaʕnudu or yaʕnidu |
taʕnudāni or taʕnidāni |
yaʕnudāni or yaʕnidāni |
naʕnudu or naʕnidu |
taʕnudūna or taʕnidūna |
yaʕnudūna or yaʕnidūna | |||
f | taʕnudīna or taʕnidīna |
taʕnudu or taʕnidu |
taʕnudāni or taʕnidāni |
taʕnudna or taʕnidna |
yaʕnudna or yaʕnidna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaʕnuda or ʔaʕnida |
taʕnuda or taʕnida |
yaʕnuda or yaʕnida |
taʕnudā or taʕnidā |
yaʕnudā or yaʕnidā |
naʕnuda or naʕnida |
taʕnudū or taʕnidū |
yaʕnudū or yaʕnidū | |||
f | taʕnudī or taʕnidī |
taʕnuda or taʕnida |
taʕnudā or taʕnidā |
taʕnudna or taʕnidna |
yaʕnudna or yaʕnidna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaʕnud or ʔaʕnid |
taʕnud or taʕnid |
yaʕnud or yaʕnid |
taʕnudā or taʕnidā |
yaʕnudā or yaʕnidā |
naʕnud or naʕnid |
taʕnudū or taʕnidū |
yaʕnudū or yaʕnidū | |||
f | taʕnudī or taʕnidī |
taʕnud or taʕnid |
taʕnudā or taʕnidā |
taʕnudna or taʕnidna |
yaʕnudna or yaʕnidna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | uʕnud or iʕnid |
uʕnudā or iʕnidā |
uʕnudū or iʕnidū |
||||||||
f | uʕnudī or iʕnidī |
uʕnudna or iʕnidna |
Verb edit
عَنِدَ • (ʕanida) I, non-past يَعْنَدُ (yaʕnadu)
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
عَنَد ʕanad | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
ʕānid | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕanidtu |
ʕanidta |
عَنِدَ ʕanida |
ʕanidtumā |
ʕanidā |
ʕanidnā |
ʕanidtum |
ʕanidū | |||
f | ʕanidti |
ʕanidat |
ʕanidatā |
ʕanidtunna |
ʕanidna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaʕnadu |
taʕnadu |
yaʕnadu |
taʕnadāni |
yaʕnadāni |
naʕnadu |
taʕnadūna |
yaʕnadūna | |||
f | taʕnadīna |
taʕnadu |
taʕnadāni |
taʕnadna |
yaʕnadna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaʕnada |
taʕnada |
yaʕnada |
taʕnadā |
yaʕnadā |
naʕnada |
taʕnadū |
yaʕnadū | |||
f | taʕnadī |
taʕnada |
taʕnadā |
taʕnadna |
yaʕnadna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaʕnad |
taʕnad |
yaʕnad |
taʕnadā |
yaʕnadā |
naʕnad |
taʕnadū |
yaʕnadū | |||
f | taʕnadī |
taʕnad |
taʕnadā |
taʕnadna |
yaʕnadna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | iʕnad |
iʕnadā |
iʕnadū |
||||||||
f | iʕnadī |
iʕnadna |
Noun edit
عِنْد • (ʕind) m
Declension edit
Adjective edit
عُنُد • (ʕunud) c pl
Egyptian Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
عند • (ʿand)
- at the house of
- expresses possession, to have
- ماعندوش اصحاب. ― mā ʿandūš ʾaṣḥāb ― He doesn't have friends.
Inflection edit
Inflected forms of عند | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | عند (ʕand) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
singular | plural | |||
m | f | ||||
1st person | عندي (ʕandi) | عندنا (ʕandina) | |||
2nd person | عندك (ʕandak) | عندك (ʕandik) | عندكو (ʕanduku) | ||
3rd person | عنده (ʕandu) | عندها (ʕandaha) | عندهم (ʕanduhum) |
Moroccan Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
عند • (ʕand)
- at the house of
- expresses possession, to have
Inflection edit
Inflected forms of عند | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | عند (ʕand) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
singular | plural | |||
m | f | ||||
1st person | عندي (ʕandi) | عندنا (ʕandna) | |||
2nd person | عندك (ʕandek) | عندك (ʕandki) | عندكم (ʕandkum) | ||
3rd person | عنده (ʕandu) | عندها (ʕandha) | عندهم (ʕandhum) |
South Levantine Arabic edit
Root |
---|
ع ن د |
2 terms |
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
عند • (ʕind)
Usage notes edit
- Sentences in which عند (ʕind) is used to express possession are nominal sentences: grammatically, the object of possession is framed as being in a certain place. Accordingly, if كان (kān) is used to modify the tense, it must agree grammatically with the object of possession.
- Usually خلى (ḵalla) is used to construct the imperative; in this case, it does agree with the subject.
- Compare عند (ʕind) with French chez.
Inflection edit
Inflected forms of عند | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | عند (ʕind) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
singular | plural | |||
m | f | ||||
1st person | عندي (ʕindi) | عنّا (ʕinna) | |||
2nd person | عندك (ʕindak) | عندك (ʕindek) | عندكم (ʕindkom) | ||
3rd person | عنده (ʕindo) | عندها (ʕindha) | عندهم (ʕindhom) |
Etymology 2 edit
Root |
---|
ع ن د |
2 terms |
Compare Arabic عند (ʕanada, ʕanida, ʕanuda, “to be stubborn, to resist stubbornly”). The shift to Form II in South Levantine Arabic might serve to intensify the meaning, which is a function of the verbs in the second form. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
عنّد • (ʕannad) II (present بعنّد (biʕanned))
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of عنّد (ʕannad) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | عنّدت (ʕannadt) | عنّدت (ʕannadt) | عنّد (ʕannad) | عنّدنا (ʕannadna) | عنّدتو (ʕannadtu) | عنّدو (ʕannadu) | |
f | عنّدتي (ʕannadti) | عنّدت (ʕannadat) | ||||||
present | m | بعنّد (baʕanned) | بتعنّد (bitʕanned) | بعنّد (biʕanned) | منعنّد (minʕanned) | بتعنّدو (bitʕanndu) | بعنّدو (biʕanndu) | |
f | بتعنّدي (bitʕanndi) | بتعنّد (bitʕanned) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | اعنّد (aʕanned) | تعنّد (tʕanned) | يعنّد (yʕanned) | نعنّد (nʕanned) | تعنّدو (tʕanndu) | يعنّدو (yʕanndu) | |
f | تعنّدي (tʕanndi) | تعنّد (tʕanned) | ||||||
imperative | m | عنّد (ʕanned) | عنّدو (ʕanndu) | |||||
f | عنّدي (ʕanndi) |