كبر
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
Root |
---|
ك ب ر (k-b-r) |
Cognate to Hebrew כבר (k-b-r, “to be great”, “to be many”).
Pronunciation edit
kabura (file) - IPA(key): /ka.bu.ra/
- (Gulf Arabic) IPA(key): /ˈkɪbɐr/
- (Hijazi Arabic) IPA(key): /ˈkibir/
Verb edit
كَبُرَ • (kabura) I, non-past يَكْبُرُ (yakburu) (stative)
- to be or become big
- to grow, to grow up
- to become famous
- to become too great (for something)
- to disdain
- to become too oppressive
- to appear intolerable
- to become too difficult
Conjugation edit
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
كُبْر or كِبَار kubr or kibār | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
kābir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
makbūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | kaburtu |
kaburta |
كَبُرَ kabura |
kaburtumā |
kaburā |
kaburnā |
kaburtum |
kaburū | |||
f | kaburti |
kaburat |
kaburatā |
kaburtunna |
kaburna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔakburu |
takburu |
yakburu |
takburāni |
yakburāni |
nakburu |
takburūna |
yakburūna | |||
f | takburīna |
takburu |
takburāni |
takburna |
yakburna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔakbura |
takbura |
yakbura |
takburā |
yakburā |
nakbura |
takburū |
yakburū | |||
f | takburī |
takbura |
takburā |
takburna |
yakburna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔakbur |
takbur |
yakbur |
takburā |
yakburā |
nakbur |
takburū |
yakburū | |||
f | takburī |
takbur |
takburā |
takburna |
yakburna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ukbur |
ukburā |
ukburū |
||||||||
f | ukburī |
ukburna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | كُبِرَ kubira |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yukbaru |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yukbara |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yukbar |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Noun edit
كُبْر • (kubr) m
- verbal noun of كَبُرَ (kabura) (form I)
Declension edit
Verb edit
كَبَرَ • (kabara) I, non-past يَكْبُرُ (yakburu)
- (stative, transitive) to be older than
- 1949, Naguib Mahfouz, The beginning and the end, Dar El-Shorouk, page 6:
- يَكْبُرُ أَخَاهُ بِعَامَيْنِ
- yakburu ʾaḵāhu bi-ʿāmayni
- He is two years older than his brother
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
كَبْر kabr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
kābir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
makbūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | kabartu |
kabarta |
كَبَرَ kabara |
kabartumā |
kabarā |
kabarnā |
kabartum |
kabarū | |||
f | kabarti |
kabarat |
kabaratā |
kabartunna |
kabarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔakburu |
takburu |
yakburu |
takburāni |
yakburāni |
nakburu |
takburūna |
yakburūna | |||
f | takburīna |
takburu |
takburāni |
takburna |
yakburna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔakbura |
takbura |
yakbura |
takburā |
yakburā |
nakbura |
takburū |
yakburū | |||
f | takburī |
takbura |
takburā |
takburna |
yakburna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔakbur |
takbur |
yakbur |
takburā |
yakburā |
nakbur |
takburū |
yakburū | |||
f | takburī |
takbur |
takburā |
takburna |
yakburna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ukbur |
ukburā |
ukburū |
||||||||
f | ukburī |
ukburna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | kubirtu |
kubirta |
كُبِرَ kubira |
kubirtumā |
kubirā |
kubirnā |
kubirtum |
kubirū | |||
f | kubirti |
kubirat |
kubiratā |
kubirtunna |
kubirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔukbaru |
tukbaru |
yukbaru |
tukbarāni |
yukbarāni |
nukbaru |
tukbarūna |
yukbarūna | |||
f | tukbarīna |
tukbaru |
tukbarāni |
tukbarna |
yukbarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔukbara |
tukbara |
yukbara |
tukbarā |
yukbarā |
nukbara |
tukbarū |
yukbarū | |||
f | tukbarī |
tukbara |
tukbarā |
tukbarna |
yukbarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔukbar |
tukbar |
yukbar |
tukbarā |
yukbarā |
nukbar |
tukbarū |
yukbarū | |||
f | tukbarī |
tukbar |
tukbarā |
tukbarna |
yukbarna |
Noun edit
كَبْر • (kabr) m
- verbal noun of كَبَرَ (kabara) (form I)
Declension edit
Verb edit
كَبَّرَ • (kabbara) II, non-past يُكَبِّرُ (yukabbiru)
- (transitive, causative) to enlarge, to make something bigger.
- (intransitive) to say اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَر (allāhu ʔakbar, “God is greatest”)
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
takbīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
mukabbir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mukabbar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | kabbartu |
kabbarta |
كَبَّرَ kabbara |
kabbartumā |
kabbarā |
kabbarnā |
kabbartum |
kabbarū | |||
f | kabbarti |
kabbarat |
kabbaratā |
kabbartunna |
kabbarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔukabbiru |
tukabbiru |
yukabbiru |
tukabbirāni |
yukabbirāni |
nukabbiru |
tukabbirūna |
yukabbirūna | |||
f | tukabbirīna |
tukabbiru |
tukabbirāni |
tukabbirna |
yukabbirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔukabbira |
tukabbira |
yukabbira |
tukabbirā |
yukabbirā |
nukabbira |
tukabbirū |
yukabbirū | |||
f | tukabbirī |
tukabbira |
tukabbirā |
tukabbirna |
yukabbirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔukabbir |
tukabbir |
yukabbir |
tukabbirā |
yukabbirā |
nukabbir |
tukabbirū |
yukabbirū | |||
f | tukabbirī |
tukabbir |
tukabbirā |
tukabbirna |
yukabbirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | كَبِّرْ kabbir |
kabbirā |
kabbirū |
||||||||
f | kabbirī |
kabbirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | kubbirtu |
kubbirta |
كُبِّرَ kubbira |
kubbirtumā |
kubbirā |
kubbirnā |
kubbirtum |
kubbirū | |||
f | kubbirti |
kubbirat |
kubbiratā |
kubbirtunna |
kubbirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔukabbaru |
tukabbaru |
yukabbaru |
tukabbarāni |
yukabbarāni |
nukabbaru |
tukabbarūna |
yukabbarūna | |||
f | tukabbarīna |
tukabbaru |
tukabbarāni |
tukabbarna |
yukabbarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔukabbara |
tukabbara |
yukabbara |
tukabbarā |
yukabbarā |
nukabbara |
tukabbarū |
yukabbarū | |||
f | tukabbarī |
tukabbara |
tukabbarā |
tukabbarna |
yukabbarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔukabbar |
tukabbar |
yukabbar |
tukabbarā |
yukabbarā |
nukabbar |
tukabbarū |
yukabbarū | |||
f | tukabbarī |
tukabbar |
tukabbarā |
tukabbarna |
yukabbarna |
Descendants edit
- Maltese: kabbar
Noun edit
كُبَر • (kubar) pl (singular كُبْرَى (kubrā))
- great calamities
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 74:35:
- إِنَّهَا لَإِحْدَى الْكُبَرِ
- ʔinnahā laʔiḥdā al-kubari
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Proper noun edit
كُبَّر • (kubbar) f
- Kubbar, an uninhabited island in the Bay of Kuwait
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular diptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | — | كُبَّر kubbar |
— |
Nominative | — | كُبَّرُ kubbaru |
— |
Accusative | — | كُبَّرَ kubbara |
— |
Genitive | — | كُبَّرَ kubbara |
— |
Etymology 3 edit
From Classical Syriac ܩܦܪ (qappar, qappār, “caper-bush”) or Classical Syriac ܟܦܪ (kappar, kappār), considered from Ancient Greek κάππαρις (kápparis) of uncertain likely Asian origin.
For the variation a ⇌ ā in Aramaisms, compare سُكَّر (sukkar), سُكَّار (sukkār, “bolt-lock”) and قُنْبَر (qunbar), قُنْبَار (qunbār), كُنْبَار (kunbār, “coir”).
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
كَبَر • (kabar) m
- caper (Capparis gen. and especially Capparis spinosa, as well as the edible buds from it)
Declension edit
Descendants edit
- → Middle Armenian: կապպար (kappar)
- → Galician: alcaparra
- → Portuguese: alcaparra
- → Spanish: alcaparra, alcaparro
Etymology 4 edit
Borrowed from Ge'ez ከበሮ (käbäro, “drum, timbrel”).
Noun edit
كَبَر • (kabar) m (plural كِبَار (kibār) or أَكْبَار (ʔakbār))
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | كَبَر kabar |
الْكَبَر al-kabar |
كَبَر kabar |
Nominative | كَبَرٌ kabarun |
الْكَبَرُ al-kabaru |
كَبَرُ kabaru |
Accusative | كَبَرًا kabaran |
الْكَبَرَ al-kabara |
كَبَرَ kabara |
Genitive | كَبَرٍ kabarin |
الْكَبَرِ al-kabari |
كَبَرِ kabari |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | كَبَرَيْن kabarayn |
الْكَبَرَيْن al-kabarayn |
كَبَرَيْ kabaray |
Nominative | كَبَرَانِ kabarāni |
الْكَبَرَانِ al-kabarāni |
كَبَرَا kabarā |
Accusative | كَبَرَيْنِ kabarayni |
الْكَبَرَيْنِ al-kabarayni |
كَبَرَيْ kabaray |
Genitive | كَبَرَيْنِ kabarayni |
الْكَبَرَيْنِ al-kabarayni |
كَبَرَيْ kabaray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | كِبَار; أَكْبَار kibār; ʔakbār |
الْكِبَار; الْأَكْبَار al-kibār; al-ʔakbār |
كِبَار; أَكْبَار kibār; ʔakbār |
Nominative | كِبَارٌ; أَكْبَارٌ kibārun; ʔakbārun |
الْكِبَارُ; الْأَكْبَارُ al-kibāru; al-ʔakbāru |
كِبَارُ; أَكْبَارُ kibāru; ʔakbāru |
Accusative | كِبَارًا; أَكْبَارًا kibāran; ʔakbāran |
الْكِبَارَ; الْأَكْبَارَ al-kibāra; al-ʔakbāra |
كِبَارَ; أَكْبَارَ kibāra; ʔakbāra |
Genitive | كِبَارٍ; أَكْبَارٍ kibārin; ʔakbārin |
الْكِبَارِ; الْأَكْبَارِ al-kibāri; al-ʔakbāri |
كِبَارِ; أَكْبَارِ kibāri; ʔakbāri |
References edit
- Freytag, Georg (1837) “كبر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 3–4
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “كبر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[2] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 853
- Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden[3] (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 322–331
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft[4] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 56
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “كبر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[5] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 1081–1083
South Levantine Arabic edit
Root |
---|
ك ب ر |
3 terms |
Etymology edit
From Arabic كَبَّرَ (kabbara).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
كبّر • (kabbar) II (present بكبّر (bikabber))
- to enlarge
- (by extension) to exaggerate
- Synonym: بالغ (bālaḡ)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of كبّر (kabbar) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | كبّرت (kabbart) | كبّرت (kabbart) | كبّر (kabbar) | كبّرنا (kabbarna) | كبّرتو (kabbartu) | كبّرو (kabbaru) | |
f | كبّرتي (kabbarti) | كبّرت (kabbarat) | ||||||
present | m | بكبّر (bakabber) | بتكبّر (bitkabber) | بكبّر (bikabber) | منكبّر (minkabber) | بتكبّرو (bitkabbru) | بكبّرو (bikabbru) | |
f | بتكبّري (bitkabbri) | بتكبّر (bitkabber) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | اكبّر (akabber) | تكبّر (tkabber) | يكبّر (ykabber) | نكبّر (nkabber) | تكبّرو (tkabbru) | يكبّرو (ykabbru) | |
f | تكبّري (tkabbri) | تكبّر (tkabber) | ||||||
imperative | m | كبّر (kabber) | كبّرو (kabbru) | |||||
f | كبّري (kabbri) |