ܩܪܢܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Root
ܩ ܪ ܢ (q r n)
1 term

Etymology

From Aramaic קַרְנָא (qarnā), from Proto-Semitic *ḳarn-; compare Akkadian 𒋛 (qarnum), Arabic قَرْن (qarn), Hebrew קֶרֶן (kéren), Ugaritic 𐎖𐎗𐎐 (qrn).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [qarnaː]
• (Baghdede, Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [qanaːna]
• (Barwari, Urmia) IPA^(key): [qana]

Noun

ܩܲܪܢܵܐ • (qarnā) f sg (plural ܩܲܪ̈ܢܹܐ (qarnē) or ܩܲܪ̈ܢܵܬ݂ܹܐ (qarnāṯē) or ܩܲܪ̈ܢܵܢܹܐ (qarnānē))

1. (animal anatomy) horn, antler
   • Genesis 22:13:

     ܘܡܘܼܪܸܡ ܠܹܗ ܐܲܒ݂ܪܵܗܵܡ ܥܲܝܢܘܼ̈ܗܝ ܘܚܙܹܐ ܠܹܗ، ܘܗܵܐ ܟܸܒ݂ܫܵܐ ܠܒܵܬ݂ܪܹܗ، ܕܒ݂ܝܼܩܵܐ ܒܣܲܢܝܵܐ ܒܝܲܕ݂ ܩܲܪ̈ܢܘܼܗܝ

     w-mūrim lēh aḇrāhām ˁaynūh w-ḥzē lēh, w-hā kiḇšā l-bāṯrēh, dḇīqā b-sanyā byaḏ qarnūh

     And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold behind him a ram caught in a thicket his horns

2. (music) horn, trumpet, bugle
   • Luke 1:69:

     ܡܘܼܩܸܡ ܠܹܗ ܐܸܠܲܢ ܩܲܪܢܵܐ ܕܦܘܼܪܩܵܢܵܐ، ܡ̣ܢ ܒܲܝܬܵܐ ܕܕܵܘܝܼܕ݂ ܥܲܒ݂ܕܹܗ.

     mūqim lēh illan qarnā d-purqānā, min baytā d-dāwīḏ ˁaḇdēh.

     And has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David

3. (automotive) horn, hooter, klaxon
4. (anatomy) cornea
5. (business, finance) capital
6. (orthography) projection, tittle, hook (of a letter)
7. (botany) dittany
8. kind of measure (equalling 12 pints)

Usage notes

The plural ܩܲܪ̈ܢܹܐ (qarnē) is used for literal senses while ܩܲܪ̈ܢܵܬ݂ܹܐ (qarnāṯē) is used for figurative senses.

Inflection

Inflection of ܩܲܪܢܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person	ܩܲܪܢܝܼ (qarnī)		ܩܲܪܢܲܢ (qarnan)
	construct	ܩܪܲܢ (qran)		2nd person	ܩܲܪܢܘܼܟ݂ (qarnūḵ)	ܩܲܪܢܵܟ݂ܝ (qarnāḵ)	ܩܲܪܢܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (qarnāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܩܲܪܢܵܐ (qarnā)		3rd person	ܩܲܪܢܹܗ (qarnēh)	ܩܲܪܢܵܗ̇ (qarnāh)	ܩܲܪܢܗܘܿܢ (qarnhōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܩܲܪ̈ܢܵܬ݂ܝܼ (qarnāṯī)		ܩܲܪ̈ܢܵܬ݂ܲܢ (qarnāṯan)
	construct	ܩܲܪ̈ܢܲܝ (qarnay)		2nd person	ܩܲܪ̈ܢܵܬ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (qarnāṯūḵ)	ܩܲܪ̈ܢܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (qarnāṯāḵ)	ܩܲܪ̈ܢܵܬ݂ܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (qarnāṯāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܩܲܪ̈ܢܵܬ݂ܹܐ (qarnāṯē)		3rd person	ܩܲܪ̈ܢܵܬ݂ܘܼܗܝ (qarnāṯūh)	ܩܲܪ̈ܢܵܬ݂ܘܿܗ̇ (qarnāṯōh)	ܩܲܪ̈ܢܵܬ݂ܗܘܿܢ (qarnāṯhōn)

Derived terms

• ܚܕ݂ܵܢܵܝ ܩܲܪܢܵܐ (ḥḏānāy qarnā, “unicorn”)
• ܩܘܼܪܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (qurnīṯā, “corner”)
• ܩܘܼܪܢܵܫܵܐ (qurnāšā, “hammer, mallet”)
• ܩܲܪܢܵܝ ܢܚܝܼܪܵܐ (qarnāy nḥīrā, “rhinoceros”)
• ܩܲܪܢܵܢܵܐ (qarnānā, “horned”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *ḳarn-; compare Akkadian 𒋛 (qarnum), Arabic قَرْن (qarn), Hebrew קֶרֶן (qéren), Ugaritic 𐎖𐎗𐎐 (qrn).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈqar.nɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈqar.nɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈqɑr.no]

Noun

ܩܪܢܐ • (qarnā) f (plural ܩܪܢܐ (qarnē) or ܩܪܢܬܐ (qarnāṯā))

1. (animal anatomy) horn, antler; claw (of a crab)
   • Peshitta, Genesis 22:13:

     ܘܐܪܝܡ ܐܒܪܗܡ ܥܝܢܘ̈ܗܝ ܘܚܙܐ: ܘܗܐ ܕܟܪܐ ܚܕ ܐܚܝܕ ܒܣܘܟܬܐ ܒܩܪ̈ܢܬܗ

     wə-ʾărīm ʾaḇrāhām ʿaynaw[hy] wa-ḥəzā, wə-hā ḏeḵrā ḥaḏ ʾăḥīḏ bə-sawkəṯā ḇə-qarnāṯēh

     And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold behind him a ram caught in a thicket by his horns

2. (music) horn, trumpet
   • Peshitta, Luke 1:69:

     ܘܐܩܝܡ ܠܢ ܩܪܢܐ ܕܦܘܪܩܢܐ ܒܒܝܬܗ ܕܕܘܝܕ ܥܒܕܗ

     wə-ʾăqīm lan qarnā ḏə-p̄ūrqānā ḇə-ḇaytēh ḏə-ḏāwīḏ ʿaḇdēh

     And hath raised up an horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David

3. horn-shaped jar, phial
4. (anatomy) cornea
5. corn, horny excrescence
6. (geometry) angle, corner
7. (architecture) wing (of building)
8. (military) wing (of army)
9. extreme part
10. top, peak, summit
11. end, border
12. arm, armrest
13. (business, finance) capital
14. power
15. pride
16. (orthography) projection, tittle, hook (of a letter)
17. (botany) dittany
18. kind of measure (equalling 12 pints)

Usage notes

Usually, the plural ܩܪܢܐ (qarnē) is used for literal senses while ܩܪܢܬܐ (qarnāṯā) is used for figurative senses.

Inflection

Inflection of ܩܪܢܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܩܪܢ		1st person	ܩܪܢܝ		ܩܪܢܢ
	construct	ܩܪܢ		2nd person	ܩܪܢܟ	ܩܪܢܟܝ	ܩܪܢܟܘܢ	ܩܪܢܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܩܪܢܐ		3rd person	ܩܪܢܗ	ܩܪܢܗ	ܩܪܢܗܘܢ	ܩܪܢܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܩܪܢܢ ,ܩܪܢܝܢ		1st person	ܩܪܢܬܝ ,ܩܪܢܝ		ܩܪܢܬܢ ,ܩܪܢܝܢ
	construct	ܩܪܢܬ ,ܩܪܢܝ		2nd person	ܩܪܢܬܟ ,ܩܪܢܝܟ	ܩܪܢܬܟܝ ,ܩܪܢܝܟܝ	ܩܪܢܬܟܘܢ ,ܩܪܢܝܟܘܢ	ܩܪܢܬܟܝܢ ,ܩܪܢܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܩܪܢܬܐ ,ܩܪܢܐ		3rd person	ܩܪܢܬܗ ,ܩܪܢܘܗܝ	ܩܪܢܬܗ ,ܩܪܢܝܗ	ܩܪܢܬܗܘܢ ,ܩܪܢܝܗܘܢ	ܩܪܢܬܗܝܢ ,ܩܪܢܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 2

From Persian قران (qerân).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [q(ə.)ˈrɑ.nɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈqrɑ.nɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈqro.no]

Noun

ܩܪܢܐ • (qərānā) m (plural ܩܪܢܐ)

1. qiran, kran
2. franc

Inflection

Inflection of ܩܪܢܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܩܪܢ		1st person	ܩܪܢܝ		ܩܪܢܢ
	construct	ܩܪܢ		2nd person	ܩܪܢܟ	ܩܪܢܟܝ	ܩܪܢܟܘܢ	ܩܪܢܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܩܪܢܐ		3rd person	ܩܪܢܗ	ܩܪܢܗ	ܩܪܢܗܘܢ	ܩܪܢܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܩܪܢܝܢ		1st person	ܩܪܢܝ		ܩܪܢܝܢ
	construct	ܩܪܢܝ		2nd person	ܩܪܢܝܟ	ܩܪܢܝܟܝ	ܩܪܢܝܟܘܢ	ܩܪܢܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܩܪܢܐ		3rd person	ܩܪܢܘܗܝ	ܩܪܢܝܗ	ܩܪܢܝܗܘܢ	ܩܪܢܝܗܝܢ

References

• “qrn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2012-03-01
• “qrn²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2021-07-22
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 331a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 520a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 1412b-1413a