गति

See also: गीत, गीता, and गते

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit गति (gati).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɡə.t̪iː/, [ɡɐ.t̪iː]

Noun

गति • (gati) f (Urdu spelling گتی)

1. motion

   हमें इस योजना को गति देने की आवश्यकता है।

   hamẽ is yojnā ko gati dene kī āvaśyaktā hai.

   We must set this plan in motion.

2. speed

   उसने पूरी गति से दीवार मारा।

   usne pūrī gati se dīvār mārā.

   He hit the wall at full speed.

3. plight

   तुम्हारी वही गति होगी जो चोर की हुई थी।

   tumhārī vahī gati hogī jo cor kī huī thī.

   You will meet the plight of a thief.

Declension

Declension of गति (fem i-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	गति gati	गतियाँ gatiyā̃
oblique	गति gati	गतियों gatiyõ
vocative	गति gati	गतियो gatiyo

Synonyms

• (motion, speed): रफ़्तार (raftār)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “गति”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গতি (Assamese script)
• ᬕᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• গতি (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ဂတိ (Burmese script)
• ગતિ (Gujarati script)
• ਗਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಗತಿ (Kannada script)
• គតិ (Khmer script)
• ຄຕິ (Lao script)
• ഗതി (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଗତି (Odia script)
• ꢔꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• ගති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• க³தி (Tamil script)
• గతి (Telugu script)
• คติ (Thai script)
• ག་ཏི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gátiš (“going, motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḿ̥tis. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌-𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (aⁱβi-gaⁱti), Ancient Greek βάσις (básis), Proto-Germanic *kumþiz. By surface analysis, गम् (gam, “to go”) +‎ -ति (-ti).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɐ́.ti/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɐ.t̪i/

Noun

गति • (gáti) stem, f

1. going, moving, gait, deportment, motion in general
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.64.3:

     यन्नूनमश्यां गतिं मित्रस्य यायां पथा ।
     अस्य प्रियस्य शर्मण्यहिंसानस्य सश्चिरे ॥

     yannūnamaśyāṃ gatiṃ mitrasya yāyāṃ pathā .
     asya priyasya śarmaṇyahiṃsānasya saścire .

     That I may gain a refuge now, may my steps be on Mitra's path.
     Men go protected in the charge of this dear Friend who harms us not.

   • c. 150 CE – 250 CE, Nāgārjuna, Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 2.18:

     यद् एव गमनं गन्ता स एवेति न युज्यते ।
     अन्य एव पुनर् गन्ता गतेर् इति न युज्यते ॥

     yad eva gamanaṃ gantā sa eveti na yujyate .
     anya eva punar gantā gater iti na yujyate .

     It is improper (to think) that the going and the goer are exactly the same.
     It is improper still (to think) that the goer is something other than the going.

2. manner or power of going
3. procession, march, passage, procedure, progress, movement
4. path, way, course
5. place of issue, origin, reason
6. possibility, expedient, means
7. means of success
8. way or art, method of acting
9. refuge, resource
10. the position (of a child at birth)
11. state, condition, situation, proportion, mode of existence
12. a happy issue; happiness
13. the course of the soul through numerous forms of life, metempsychosis, condition of a person undergoing this migration
14. manner
15. the being understood or meant
16. (grammar) a term for prepositions and some other adverbial prefixes when immediately connected with the tenses of a verb or with verbal derivatives
17. a kind of rhetorical figure
18. a particular high number
19. Motion (personified as a daughter of Kardama and wife of Pulaha)

Declension

Feminine i-stem declension of गति (gáti)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गतिः gátiḥ	गती gátī	गतयः gátayaḥ
Vocative	गते gáte	गती gátī	गतयः gátayaḥ
Accusative	गतिम् gátim	गती gátī	गतीः gátīḥ
Instrumental	गत्या / गती¹ gátyā / gátī¹	गतिभ्याम् gátibhyām	गतिभिः gátibhiḥ
Dative	गतये / गत्यै² / गती¹ gátaye / gátyai² / gátī¹	गतिभ्याम् gátibhyām	गतिभ्यः gátibhyaḥ
Ablative	गतेः / गत्याः² / गत्यै³ gáteḥ / gátyāḥ² / gátyai³	गतिभ्याम् gátibhyām	गतिभ्यः gátibhyaḥ
Genitive	गतेः / गत्याः² / गत्यै³ gáteḥ / gátyāḥ² / gátyai³	गत्योः gátyoḥ	गतीनाम् gátīnām
Locative	गतौ / गत्याम्² / गता¹ gátau / gátyām² / gátā¹	गत्योः gátyoḥ	गतिषु gátiṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit ³Brāhmaṇas

Related terms

• गत (gata)
• गच्छति (gacchati)
• गम् (gam)

Descendants

• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀇 (gaï)
• Pali: gati
  • → Khmer: គតិ (kĕəʼteʼ)
  • → Burmese: ဂတိ (ga.ti.)
  • → Thai: คติ (ká-dtì)
• → Bengali: গতি (gotoi)
• → Hindi: गति (gati)
• → Kannada: ಗತಿ (gati)
• → Marathi: गती (gatī)
• → Tamil: கதி (kati)
• → Telugu: గతి (gati)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “गति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 347/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 459