पक्व

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पक्व (pakvá). Doublet of पक्का (pakkā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /pək.ʋᵊ/, [pɐk.wᵊ]

Adjective

पक्व • (pakva) (indeclinable) (rare, formal)

1. cooked, baked, roasted, baked, boiled
2. accomplished, perfect, fully developed
3. ripe, mature
4. digested

Noun

पक्व • (pakva) m

1. cooked food

Declension

Declension of पक्व (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	पक्व pakva	पक्व pakva
oblique	पक्व pakva	पक्वों pakvõ
vocative	पक्व pakva	पक्वो pakvo

Further reading

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “पक्व”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• Platts, John T. (1884) “पक्व”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “पक्व”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পক্ব (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬓ᭄ᬯ (Balinese script)
• পক্ব (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰎𑰿𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀓𑁆𑀯 (Brahmi script)
• ပကွ (Burmese script)
• પક્વ (Gujarati script)
• ਪਕ੍ਵ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌕𑍍𑌵 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦏ꧀ꦮ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂍𑂹𑂫 (Kaithi script)
• ಪಕ್ವ (Kannada script)
• បក្វ (Khmer script)
• ປກ຺ວ (Lao script)
• പക്വ (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠᡬᠣᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘎𑘿𑘪 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠᢉᢦ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑦮𑧠𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐎𑑂𑐰 (Newa script)
• ପକ୍ଵ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢒ꣄ꢮ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆑𑇀𑆮 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖎𑖿𑖪 (Siddham script)
• පක්‍ව (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩜 𑪙𑩾 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚊𑚶𑚦 (Takri script)
• பக்வ (Tamil script)
• పక్వ (Telugu script)
• ปกฺว (Thai script)
• པ་ཀྭ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒏𑓂𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨋𑩇𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pₔkʷ-wó-s, from the root *pekʷ- (“to cook”). The Sanskrit root is पच् (pac). See पचति (pacati) for cognates.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐk.ʋɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈpɐk.ʋɐ/

Adjective

पक्व • (pakvá) stem

1. cooked, baked, roasted, baked, boiled, prepared on a fire
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.73.8:

     मध्व ऊ षु मधूयुवा रुद्रा सिषक्ति पिप्युषी ।
     यत्समुद्राति पर्षथः पक्वाः पृक्षो भरन्त वाम् ॥

     madhva ū ṣu madhūyuvā rudrā siṣakti pipyuṣī.
     yatsamudrāti parṣathaḥ pakvāḥ pṛkṣo bharanta vām.

     Lovers of sweetness, Rudras, she who streams with sweetness waits on you.
     When ye have travelled through the seas men bring you gifts of well-cooked food.

2. warmed
3. burnt, baked (of bricks and earthen pots)
   • c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
4. ripe, mature
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.45.4:

     वृक्षं पक्वं फलमङ्कीव धूनुहीन्द्र सम्पारणं वसु ॥

     vṛkṣaṃ pakvaṃ phalamaṅkīva dhūnuhīndra sampāraṇaṃ vasu.

     Shake, Indra, as with hooks, the tree for ripened fruit, for wealth to satisfy our wish.

5. accomplished, perfect, fully developed (as the understanding, character)
6. ripe for decay, near to death, decrepit, perishing, decaying
7. grey, hoary (as the hair)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of पक्व (pakvá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पक्वः pakváḥ	पक्वौ / पक्वा¹ pakvaú / pakvā́¹	पक्वाः / पक्वासः¹ pakvā́ḥ / pakvā́saḥ¹
Vocative	पक्व pákva	पक्वौ / पक्वा¹ pákvau / pákvā¹	पक्वाः / पक्वासः¹ pákvāḥ / pákvāsaḥ¹
Accusative	पक्वम् pakvám	पक्वौ / पक्वा¹ pakvaú / pakvā́¹	पक्वान् pakvā́n
Instrumental	पक्वेन pakvéna	पक्वाभ्याम् pakvā́bhyām	पक्वैः / पक्वेभिः¹ pakvaíḥ / pakvébhiḥ¹
Dative	पक्वाय pakvā́ya	पक्वाभ्याम् pakvā́bhyām	पक्वेभ्यः pakvébhyaḥ
Ablative	पक्वात् pakvā́t	पक्वाभ्याम् pakvā́bhyām	पक्वेभ्यः pakvébhyaḥ
Genitive	पक्वस्य pakvásya	पक्वयोः pakváyoḥ	पक्वानाम् pakvā́nām
Locative	पक्वे pakvé	पक्वयोः pakváyoḥ	पक्वेषु pakvéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of पक्वा (pakvā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पक्वा pakvā́	पक्वे pakvé	पक्वाः pakvā́ḥ
Vocative	पक्वे pákve	पक्वे pákve	पक्वाः pákvāḥ
Accusative	पक्वाम् pakvā́m	पक्वे pakvé	पक्वाः pakvā́ḥ
Instrumental	पक्वया / पक्वा¹ pakváyā / pakvā́¹	पक्वाभ्याम् pakvā́bhyām	पक्वाभिः pakvā́bhiḥ
Dative	पक्वायै pakvā́yai	पक्वाभ्याम् pakvā́bhyām	पक्वाभ्यः pakvā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	पक्वायाः / पक्वायै² pakvā́yāḥ / pakvā́yai²	पक्वाभ्याम् pakvā́bhyām	पक्वाभ्यः pakvā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	पक्वायाः / पक्वायै² pakvā́yāḥ / pakvā́yai²	पक्वयोः pakváyoḥ	पक्वानाम् pakvā́nām
Locative	पक्वायाम् pakvā́yām	पक्वयोः pakváyoḥ	पक्वासु pakvā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of पक्व (pakvá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पक्वम् pakvám	पक्वे pakvé	पक्वानि / पक्वा¹ pakvā́ni / pakvā́¹
Vocative	पक्व pákva	पक्वे pákve	पक्वानि / पक्वा¹ pákvāni / pákvā¹
Accusative	पक्वम् pakvám	पक्वे pakvé	पक्वानि / पक्वा¹ pakvā́ni / pakvā́¹
Instrumental	पक्वेन pakvéna	पक्वाभ्याम् pakvā́bhyām	पक्वैः / पक्वेभिः¹ pakvaíḥ / pakvébhiḥ¹
Dative	पक्वाय pakvā́ya	पक्वाभ्याम् pakvā́bhyām	पक्वेभ्यः pakvébhyaḥ
Ablative	पक्वात् pakvā́t	पक्वाभ्याम् pakvā́bhyām	पक्वेभ्यः pakvébhyaḥ
Genitive	पक्वस्य pakvásya	पक्वयोः pakváyoḥ	पक्वानाम् pakvā́nām
Locative	पक्वे pakvé	पक्वयोः pakváyoḥ	पक्वेषु pakvéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

पक्व • (pakvá) stem, n

1. cooked food, dish
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
2. ripe corn
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
3. the ashes of burnt corpse

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of पक्व (pakvá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पक्वः pakváḥ	पक्वौ / पक्वा¹ pakvaú / pakvā́¹	पक्वाः / पक्वासः¹ pakvā́ḥ / pakvā́saḥ¹
Vocative	पक्व pákva	पक्वौ / पक्वा¹ pákvau / pákvā¹	पक्वाः / पक्वासः¹ pákvāḥ / pákvāsaḥ¹
Accusative	पक्वम् pakvám	पक्वौ / पक्वा¹ pakvaú / pakvā́¹	पक्वान् pakvā́n
Instrumental	पक्वेन pakvéna	पक्वाभ्याम् pakvā́bhyām	पक्वैः / पक्वेभिः¹ pakvaíḥ / pakvébhiḥ¹
Dative	पक्वाय pakvā́ya	पक्वाभ्याम् pakvā́bhyām	पक्वेभ्यः pakvébhyaḥ
Ablative	पक्वात् pakvā́t	पक्वाभ्याम् pakvā́bhyām	पक्वेभ्यः pakvébhyaḥ
Genitive	पक्वस्य pakvásya	पक्वयोः pakváyoḥ	पक्वानाम् pakvā́nām
Locative	पक्वे pakvé	पक्वयोः pakváyoḥ	पक्वेषु pakvéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• पक्वक (pakvaka)

Descendants

• Pali: pakka
• Prakrit: 𑀧𑀓𑁆𑀓 (pakka)
  • Old Awadhi: पाक (pāk)
  • Gujarati: પાક (pāk, “boiled sugar”)
  • Marathi: पाक (pāk)
    • → Kannada: ಪಾಕ (pāka, “sugar syrup”)
  • Konkani: pā̃k (“sugar syrup”)

    Devanagari script: पांक

    Kannada script: ಪಾಂಕ

    Latin script: pank

  • Punjabi: pakk

    Gurmukhi script: ਪੱਕ

    Shahmukhi script: پَکّ

  • → Tamil: பக்கா (pakkā)
• → Hindi: पक्व (pakva)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “पक्व”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 575, column 1.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pakvá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press