लोक

Awadhi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit लोक (loká).

Noun

लोक (lok) (plural लोकन)

world (countable)
- Tulsidas, संकटमोचन हनुमानाष्टक :
  तब तीनहुँ लोक भयो अँधियारो।
  tab tīnhũ lok bhayo andhiyāro.
  Then, the three worlds turned dark

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit लोक (loka). Doublet of लोग (log) and लोअ (loa).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /loːk/

Noun

लोक • (lok) m (Urdu spelling لوک)

public
Synonym: जन (jan)

हमारा नेता बड़ा धोखेबाज़ है, पर लोक द्वारा समर्थित है।
hamārā netā baṛā dhokhebāz hai, par lok dvārā samarthit hai.
Our leader is a cheat, but he is supported by the public.
folk
Synonym: लोग (log)

यह चावल गाँव लोक से आते हैं।
yah cāval gā̃v lok se āte ha͠i.
This rice comes from the village folk.
world
मौत के समय पर, हर एक आदमी स्वर्ग-लोक पहुँचना चाहते हैं।
maut ke samay par, har ek ādmī svarg-lok pahũcnā cāhte ha͠i.
Each and every person wants to go to the world of paradise (heaven) upon their death.

Declension

Declension of लोक (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	लोक lok	लोक lok
oblique	लोक lok	लोकों lokõ
vocative	लोक lok	लोको loko

Derived terms

लोकतंत्र (loktantra)

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989) “लोक”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Konkani

Noun

लोक • (lok) m (Latin script lok, Kannada script ಲೊಕ್)

(plural only) people

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit लोक (loká).

Noun

लोक • (lok) m pl

people, folk

References

Berntsen, Maxine, “लोक”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “लोक”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Pali

Alternative forms

loka (Latin script)
𑀮𑁄𑀓 (Brahmi script)
লোক (Bengali script)
ලොක (Sinhalese script)
လောက or လေႃၵ (Burmese script)
โลก or โลกะ (Thai script)
ᩃᩮᩣᨠ (Tai Tham script)
ໂລກ or ໂລກະ (Lao script)
លោក (Khmer script)
𑄣𑄮𑄇 (Chakma script)

Noun

लोक m

Devanagari script form of loka (“world”)

Declension

Declension table of "लोक" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	लोको (loko)	लोका (lokā)
Accusative (second)	लोकं (lokaṃ)	लोके (loke)
Instrumental (third)	लोकेन (lokena)	लोकेहि (lokehi) or लोकेभि (lokebhi)
Dative (fourth)	लोकस्स (lokassa) or लोकाय (lokāya) or लोकत्थं (lokatthaṃ)	लोकानं (lokānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	लोकस्मा (lokasmā) or लोकम्हा (lokamhā) or लोका (lokā)	लोकेहि (lokehi) or लोकेभि (lokebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	लोकस्स (lokassa)	लोकानं (lokānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	लोकस्मिं (lokasmiṃ) or लोकम्हि (lokamhi) or लोके (loke)	लोकेसु (lokesu)
Vocative (calling)	लोक (loka)	लोका (lokā)

Rajbanshi

Noun

लोक (lok) (classifier ट, plural लोकला)

man

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

লোক (Assamese script)
ᬮᭀᬓ (Balinese script)
লোক (Bengali script)
𑰩𑰺𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀮𑁄𑀓 (Brahmi script)
လောက (Burmese script)
લોક (Gujarati script)
ਲੋਕ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌲𑍋𑌕 (Grantha script)
ꦭꦺꦴꦏ (Javanese script)
𑂪𑂷𑂍 (Kaithi script)
ಲೋಕ (Kannada script)
លោក (Khmer script)
ໂລກ (Lao script)
ലോക (Malayalam script)
ᠯᠣᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘩𑘻𑘎 (Modi script)
ᠯᠣᠸᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧉𑧜𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
𑐮𑑀𑐎 (Newa script)
ଲୋକ (Odia script)
ꢭꣂꢒ (Saurashtra script)
𑆬𑆾𑆑 (Sharada script)
𑖩𑖺𑖎 (Siddham script)
ලොක (Sinhalese script)
𑩽𑩕𑩜 (Soyombo script)
𑚥𑚴𑚊 (Takri script)
லோக (Tamil script)
లోక (Telugu script)
โลก (Thai script)
ལོ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
𑒪𑒼𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
𑨬𑨆𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lowk-ó-s (open space), from *lewk- (“to shine”). Cognate with Latin lūcus (“sacred grove”), Lithuanian laũkas (“field”), Old English lēah (“open field, meadow”) (whence English lea).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /lɐw.kɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈl̪oː.kɐ/

Noun

लोक • (loká) stem, m

free or open space.
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.47.8:
  उरुं नो लोकम् अनु नेषि विद्वान् स्वर्वज् ज्योतिर् अभयं स्वस्ति ।
  uruṃ no lokam anu neṣi vidvān svarvaj jyotir abhayaṃ svasti.
  Lead us to ample wide space, O thou who knowest, to happiness, security, and sunlight.
world, realm; the earth or world of human beings.
the inhabitants of the world, mankind, folk, people.
men (as opposed to women).
a company, community
ordinary life, worldly affairs, common practice or usage.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of लोक (loká)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	लोकः lokáḥ	लोकौ / लोका¹ lokaú / lokā́¹	लोकाः / लोकासः¹ lokā́ḥ / lokā́saḥ¹
Vocative	लोक lóka	लोकौ / लोका¹ lókau / lókā¹	लोकाः / लोकासः¹ lókāḥ / lókāsaḥ¹
Accusative	लोकम् lokám	लोकौ / लोका¹ lokaú / lokā́¹	लोकान् lokā́n
Instrumental	लोकेन lokéna	लोकाभ्याम् lokā́bhyām	लोकैः / लोकेभिः¹ lokaíḥ / lokébhiḥ¹
Dative	लोकाय lokā́ya	लोकाभ्याम् lokā́bhyām	लोकेभ्यः lokébhyaḥ
Ablative	लोकात् lokā́t	लोकाभ्याम् lokā́bhyām	लोकेभ्यः lokébhyaḥ
Genitive	लोकस्य lokásya	लोकयोः lokáyoḥ	लोकानाम् lokā́nām
Locative	लोके loké	लोकयोः lokáyoḥ	लोकेषु lokéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Austronesian:
- → Balinese: ᬮᭀᬓ (loka)
- → Javanese: ꦭꦺꦴꦏ (loka, loko)
  - → Banyumasan: ꦭꦺꦴꦏ (lokak)
→ Awadhi: लोक (lok) (learned)
Assamese: লোক (lük)
Bengali: লোক (lōk)
→ Burmese: လောက (lau:ka.)
→ Proto-Iranian: *lōka
- Parthian: (/⁠lōg⁠/, “world”)
  Manichaean script: 𐫓𐫇𐫃 (lwg)
- Sogdian: (/⁠δoka~loka, rok~lok⁠/, “world”)
  Buddhist Sogdian: [script needed] (δwkʾ), [script needed] (rwk)
Hindi: लोग (log), लोक (lok)
Kashmiri: لوٗکھ (lūkh), لُکھ (lukh)
→ Lao: ໂລກ (lōk)
→ Malayalam: ലോകം (lōkaṁ), ഉലകം (ulakaṁ)
→ Mon: လောက (lòkaˀ)
→ Odia: ଲୋକ (loka)
→ Punjabi: ਲੋਕ (lok)
→ Telugu: లోకము (lōkamu)
→ Tamil: லோகம் (lōkam), உலகம் (ulakam)
→ Thai: โลก (lôok)
Urdu: لوگ (log)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “लोक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 906/1-2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 481