ὄνομα

See also: όνομα

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ὄνῠμᾰ (ónuma) — Aeolic, Doric
• ὤνομα (ṓnoma) — Aeolic
• οὔνομα (oúnoma) — Ionic, Poetic
• ὄνομ’ (ónom’) — apocopic

Etymology

PIE word
*h₁nómn̥

From Proto-Hellenic *ónomə, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nómn̥ (“name”). Cognate with Phrygian ονομαν (onoman), Latin nōmen, Old Irish ainm, Old English nama (English name), Old Church Slavonic имѧ (imę), Old Armenian անուն (anun), Persian نام (nām), Sanskrit नामन् (nā́man).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ó.no.ma/ → /ˈo.no.ma/ → /ˈo.no.ma/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ó.no.ma/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈo.no.ma/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.no.ma/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.no.ma/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈo.no.ma/

Noun

ὄνομᾰ • (ónoma) n (genitive ὀνόμᾰτος); third declension

1. name
2. fame (compare English make a name for oneself)
3. (grammar) noun, in the wide sense: referring to most word classes that are declined for case and number – a substantive (English noun), an adjective, or a pronoun – but excluding the relative pronoun ὅς (hós) and the article ὁ (ho)
   • 170 BCE – 90 BCE, Dionysius Thrax, Art of Grammar :

     Ὄνομά ἐστι μέρος λόγου πτωτικόν, σῶμα ἢ πρᾶγμα σημαῖνον, σῶμα μὲν οἷον λίθος, πρᾶγμα δὲ οἷον παιδεία, κοινῶς τε καὶ ἰδίως λεγόμενον, κοινῶς μὲν οἷον ἄνθρωπος ἵππος, ἰδίως δὲ οἷον Σωκράτης. παρέπεται δὲ τῷ ὀνόματι πέντε· γένη, εἴδη, σχήματα, ἀριθμοί, πτώσεις.

     Ónomá esti méros lógou ptōtikón, sôma ḕ prâgma sēmaînon, sôma mèn hoîon líthos, prâgma dè hoîon paideía, koinôs te kaì idíōs legómenon, koinôs mèn hoîon ánthrōpos híppos, idíōs dè hoîon Sōkrátēs. parépetai dè tôi onómati pénte; génē, eídē, skhḗmata, arithmoí, ptṓseis.

     • 1874 translation by Thomas Davidson

       A Noun is a declinable part of speech, signifying something either concrete or abstract (concrete, as stone; abstract, as education); common or proper (common, as man, horse; proper, as Socrates, Plato). It has five accidents: genders, species, forms, numbers, and cases.

4. (grammar) phrase

Declension

Third declension of τὸ ὄνομᾰ; τοῦ ὀνόμᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ὄνομᾰ tò ónoma	τὼ ὀνόμᾰτε tṑ onómate	τᾰ̀ ὀνόμᾰτᾰ tà onómata
Genitive	τοῦ ὀνόμᾰτος toû onómatos	τοῖν ὀνομᾰ́τοιν toîn onomátoin	τῶν ὀνομᾰ́των tôn onomátōn
Dative	τῷ ὀνόμᾰτῐ tôi onómati	τοῖν ὀνομᾰ́τοιν toîn onomátoin	τοῖς ὀνόμᾰσῐ / ὀνόμᾰσῐν toîs onómasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ ὄνομᾰ tò ónoma	τὼ ὀνόμᾰτε tṑ onómate	τᾰ̀ ὀνόμᾰτᾰ tà onómata
Vocative	ὄνομᾰ ónoma	ὀνόμᾰτε onómate	ὀνόμᾰτᾰ onómata
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Hyponyms

grammar, noun:

• ἐπίκοινον (epíkoinon) (nomen epicoenum; epicene noun)
• κύριον ὄνομα (kúrion ónoma) (nomen proprium; proper noun)
• ἐθνικόν (ethnikón) [ὄνομα] (nomen gentile)
• προσηγορικόν (prosēgorikón), προσηγορία (prosēgoría) (nomen appellativum; appellative noun)
• ὑποκοριστικόν (hupokoristikón) [ὄνομα] ([nomen] deminutivum/diminutivum; diminutive [noun])
• ἐπίθετον (epítheton), ἐπιθετικόν (epithetikón) (nomen adjectivum; [noun] adjective)
• ἀριθμητικόν (arithmētikón) (nomen numerale cardinale; cardinal number)
• τακτικόν (taktikón) (nomen numerale ordinale; ordinal number)

Derived terms

• ὀνομάζω (onomázō)
• ὀνομαίνω (onomaínō)
• ὀνοματοποιία f (onomatopoiía)
• μετονομασία f (metonomasía)
• ἀνώνυμος (anṓnumos), διώνυμος (diṓnumos), ἐπώνυμος (epṓnumos), ὁμώνυμος (homṓnumos), συνώνυμος (sunṓnumos)
• ἀντωνυμία f (antōnumía) & ἀντώνυμον n (antṓnumon), μετωνυμία f (metōnumía)
• συνώνυμον n (sunṓnumon)

Descendants

• Greek: όνομα (ónoma)
• → Latin: onoma (semantic loan)
• → English: -onym (learned) (from international scientific vocabulary)

Further reading

• “ὄνομα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὄνομα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ὄνομα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὄνομα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ὄνομα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• G3686 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • celebrity idem, page 120.
  • designation idem, page 215.
  • fame idem, page 304.
  • glory idem, page 363.
  • honour idem, page 404.
  • illustriousness idem, page 416.
  • name idem, page 550.
  • noun idem, page 562.
  • prestige idem, page 638.
  • renown idem, page 695.
  • reputation idem, page 699.
  • signature idem, page 775.
  • substantive idem, page 833.
  • title idem, page 878.
  • word idem, page 987.
• Wilhelm Pape (1807–1854): Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache; ὄνομα