| irregular; mixed | to speak; to say; talk to speak; to say; talk; word | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (儳言) | 儳 | 言 | |
| simp. #(儳言) | 儳 | 言 | |
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 儳 | 儳 | 言 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) | 初 (19) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 咸 (151) | 銜 (149) | 元 (65) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II | III |
| Fanqie | 仕陷切 | 楚鑑切 | 語軒切 |
| Baxter | dzreamH | tsrhaemH | ngjon |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʒˠɛmH/ | /t͡ʃʰˠamH/ | /ŋɨɐn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɖ͡ʐᵚæmH/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚamH/ | /ŋiɐn/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʒɐmH/ | /t͡ʃʰamH/ | /ŋiɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɖ͡ʐəɨmH/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨmH/ | /ŋɨan/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡ʒɐmH/ | /t͡ʃʰamH/ | /ŋiɐn/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡ʒɐmH/ | /t͡ʃʰamH/ | /ŋĭɐn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɖ͡ʐʱămH/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰamH/ | /ŋɨ̯ɐn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhàn | chàn | yán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
zaam6 | caam3 | jin4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 言 | 言 | 言 | 言 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yán | yán | yán | yán |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ngjon › | ‹ ngjon › | ‹ ngjon › | ‹ ngjon › |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋa[n]/ | /*ŋa[n]/ | /*ŋa[n]/ | /*ŋa[r]/ |
| English | (a particle) | I, we | speak; speech | tall |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 儳 | 儳 | 言 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1229 | 1231 | 14271 |
| Phonetic component |
毚 | 毚 | 言 |
| Rime group |
侵 | 談 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
儳 | 懺 | 言 |
| Old Chinese |
/*zrɯːms/ | /*sʰraːms/ | /*ŋan/ |
儳言