楚

See also: 椘

楚	U+695A, 楚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-695A

← 楙
[U+6959]

CJK Unified Ideographs

楛 →
[U+695B]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

楚 (radical 75, 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木木弓卜人 (DDNYO), four-corner 4480₁, composition ⿱林疋)

Derived charactersEdit

儊, 𠿝, 𡢟, 憷, 濋, 檚, 𪹵, 璴, 礎, 𨭣, 齼(𬺓)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 539, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15141
Dae Jaweon: page 927, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1244, character 9
Unihan data for U+695A

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		楚

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 楚
Shang	Western Zhou
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (疋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
疋	ŋraːʔ, sŋra, *sŋraʔ
蝑	sŋas, sŋa
壻	*sŋeːs
婿	*sŋeːs
胥	sŋa, sŋaʔ
稰	sŋa, sŋaʔ
楈	sŋa, sŋaʔ
諝	sŋa, sŋaʔ
湑	sŋa, sŋaʔ
揟	*sŋa
醑	*sŋaʔ
糈	sŋaʔ, sŋraʔ
楚	sŋ̊ʰraʔ, sŋ̊ʰras
礎	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
憷	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
齼	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
濋	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
儊	*sŋ̊ʰras
綀	*sŋra
疎	*sŋra
疏	sŋra, sŋras
蔬	*sŋra
梳	*sŋra

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras): semantic 林 (“forest; grove; woods”) + phonetic 疋 (OC *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ).

EtymologyEdit

Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟlaʔ (“thorn”).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chǔ (chu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): co²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhú
Min Bei (KCR): chǔ
Min Dong (BUC): chū
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chhó͘ / chhó

(Teochew, Peng'im): co²
Wu (Wiktionary): tshu (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: chǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˇ
  - Wade–Giles: chʻu³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuu
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chǔ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: co²
  - Yale: chó
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tso²
  - Guangdong Romanization: co²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔː³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhú
  - Hakka Romanization System: cu`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cu³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu³¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǔ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó͘
  - Tâi-lô: tshóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhor
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó
  - Tâi-lô: tshó
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoir
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰo⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɤ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: co²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰo⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tshu (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰv̩ʷ³⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 楚
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹³/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰu¹³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵³/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰou⁵³/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰv̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sʰu⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/p͡fʰu⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰəu⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰu⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰu⁴²/
	Kunming	/t͡sʰu⁵³/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰu²¹²/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰʊ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰu⁵³/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰu⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sʰu³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰəu⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰu⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰɤu³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰu³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰəu³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰəu⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰəɯ²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰu²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰu³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡sʰu³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sʰu²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡sʰo⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/su²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ʃʰɨʌ^X/, /t͡ʃʰɨʌ^H/

Rime
Character	楚	楚
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	初 (19)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	創舉切	瘡據切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰɨʌ^X/	/t͡ʃʰɨʌ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰiɔ^X/	/ʈ͡ʂʰiɔ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰiɔ^X/	/t͡ʃʰiɔ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰɨə̆^X/	/ʈ͡ʂʰɨə̆^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰiɔ^X/	/t͡ʃʰiɔ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰĭo^X/	/t͡ʃʰĭo^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯wo^X/	/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯wo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chǔ	chù

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s.r̥]aʔ/, /*s.r̥aʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*sŋ̊ʰraʔ/, /*sŋ̊ʰras/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	楚	楚	楚
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chǔ	chǔ	chǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrhjo^X ›	‹ tsrhjo^X ›	‹ tsrhjo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[s.r̥]aʔ/	/*s.r̥aʔ/	/*s.r̥aʔ/
English	arrange in order	thorns	name of a state
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	楚	楚
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	11781	11786
Phonetic component	疋	疋
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	楚	楚
Old Chinese	/*sŋ̊ʰraʔ/	/*sŋ̊ʰras/

DefinitionsEdit

楚

^† chaste tree (genus Vitex)
- 翹翹錯薪，言刈其楚。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  翘翘错薪，言刈其楚。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Qiáoqiáo cuò xīn, yán yì qí chǔ. [Pinyin]
  Many are the bundles of firewood; I would cut down the chaste trees [to form more].
^† thick growth of weeds
(historical) punishment cane
(historical) to beat with a punishment cane
pain; suffering
clear; distinct
清楚 ― qīngchǔ ― clear
neat; clean; tidy
bright; gorgeous
楚楚 ― chǔchǔ ― tidy; dainty, charming
^† vulgar; unrefined
(historical) Chu (an ancient Chinese viscounty and kingdom along the Yangtze River during the Zhou dynasty)
- 一齊人傅之，眾楚人咻之，雖日撻而求其齊也，不可得矣 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  一齐人傅之，众楚人咻之，虽日挞而求其齐也，不可得矣 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, circa 4^th century BCE
  yī Qí rén fù zhī, zhòng Chǔrén xiū zhī, suī rì tà ér qiú qí Qí yě, bùkě dé yǐ [Pinyin]
  If but one man of Qi be teaching him, and there be a multitude of men of Chu continually shouting out about him, although his father beat him every day, wishing him to learn the speech of Qi, it will be impossible for him to do so.
modern-day Hubei and Hunan (where the state of Chu was located)
(specifically) Hubei
A surname.

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 楚

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

楚

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

whip
cane

ReadingsEdit

On (unclassified): そ (so)
Kun: いばら (ibara, 楚); しもと (shimoto, 楚); すわえ (suwae, 楚)^{←すはえ (sufae, historical)}^{←すは𛀁 (sufaye, ancient)}

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

楚 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)

name of feudal state
clear

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

楚: Hán Nôm readings: sở, sỡ

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