楚
See also: 椘
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han characterEdit
楚 (radical 75 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木木弓卜人 (DDNYO), four-corner 44801, composition ⿱林疋)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 539, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15141
- Dae Jaweon: page 927, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1244, character 9
- Unihan data for U+695A
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
楚 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Characters in the same phonetic series (疋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 疋 | *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ |
| 蝑 | *sŋas, *sŋa |
| 壻 | *sŋeːs |
| 婿 | *sŋeːs |
| 胥 | *sŋa, *sŋaʔ |
| 稰 | *sŋa, *sŋaʔ |
| 楈 | *sŋa, *sŋaʔ |
| 諝 | *sŋa, *sŋaʔ |
| 湑 | *sŋa, *sŋaʔ |
| 揟 | *sŋa |
| 醑 | *sŋaʔ |
| 糈 | *sŋaʔ, *sŋraʔ |
| 楚 | *sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras |
| 礎 | *sŋ̊ʰraʔ |
| 憷 | *sŋ̊ʰraʔ |
| 齼 | *sŋ̊ʰraʔ |
| 濋 | *sŋ̊ʰraʔ |
| 儊 | *sŋ̊ʰras |
| 綀 | *sŋra |
| 疎 | *sŋra |
| 疏 | *sŋra, *sŋras |
| 蔬 | *sŋra |
| 梳 | *sŋra |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras): semantic 林 (“trees”) + phonetic 疋 (OC *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ) – a place with many trees, the Kingdom of Chu.
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): co2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhú
- Min Bei (KCR): chǔ
- Min Dong (BUC): chū
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): tshu (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˇ
- Wade-Giles: ch'u3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuu
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: co2
- Yale: chó
- Cantonese Pinyin: tso2
- Guangdong Romanization: co2
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhú
- Hakka Romanization System: cu`
- Hagfa Pinyim: cu3
- IPA: /t͡sʰu³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǔ
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰu²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chū
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tshu (T2)
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰv̩ʷ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 楚 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡sʰu¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡sʰou⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰv̩⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡sʰu⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /p͡fʰu⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡sʰəu⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡sʰu⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡sʰu⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡sʰu⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡sʰu²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡sʰʊ²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰu⁵³/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡sʰu⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰu³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡sʰəu⁵¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡sʰu⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /t͡sʰɤu³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰu³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡sʰəu³¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sʰəu⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡sʰəɯ²¹/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰu²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰz̩³¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /t͡sʰu³¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /t͡sʰu³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /t͡sʰu²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /t͡sʰo⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /su²¹³/ |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 楚 | 楚 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 創舉切 | 瘡據切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ʃʰɨʌX/ | /t͡ʃʰɨʌH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʈ͡ʂʰiɔX/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰiɔH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ʃʰiɔX/ | /t͡ʃʰiɔH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʈ͡ʂʰɨə̆X/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰɨə̆H/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡ʃʰiɔX/ | /t͡ʃʰiɔH/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡ʃʰĭoX/ | /t͡ʃʰĭoH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯woX/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰi̯woH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
chǔ | chù |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 楚 | 楚 | 楚 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
chǔ | chǔ | chǔ |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tsrhjoX › | ‹ tsrhjoX › | ‹ tsrhjoX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[s.r̥]aʔ/ | /*s.r̥aʔ/ | /*s.r̥aʔ/ |
| English | arrange in order | thorns | name of a state |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 楚 | 楚 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 11781 | 11786 |
| Phonetic component |
疋 | 疋 |
| Rime group |
魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
楚 | 楚 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sŋ̊ʰraʔ/ | /*sŋ̊ʰras/ |
DefinitionsEdit
楚
- pain; suffering
- clear; distinct
-
清楚 ― qīngchǔ ― clear
-
- neat; clean; tidy
- bright; gorgeous
-
楚楚 ― chǔchǔ ― tidy; dainty, charming
-
- (traditional Chinese medicine) deciduous bush used in Chinese medicine (genus Vitex)
- (historical) punishment cane
- (historical) to beat with a punishment cane
- (historical) Chu, an ancient Chinese viscounty and kingdom along the Yangtze River during the Zhou dynasty.
-
一齊人傅之，眾楚人咻之，雖日撻而求其齊也，不可得矣…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]
一齐人傅之，众楚人咻之，虽日挞而求其齐也，不可得矣…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: Mengzi (Mencius), circa 4th century BCE
- yī Qí rén fù zhī, zhòng Chǔrén xiū zhī, suī rì tà ér qiú qí Qí yě, bùkě dé yǐ...... [Pinyin]
- If but one man of Qi be teaching him, and there be a multitude of men of Chu continually shouting out about him, although his father beat him every day, wishing him to learn the speech of Qi, it will be impossible for him to do so.
-
- The realm of this state under later imperial Chinese dynasties; modern-day Hubei and Hunan regions of China.
- A surname.
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 楚
JapaneseEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
楚 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune-Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
- name of feudal state
- clear