Wiktionary

楚

See also: 椘
楚 U+695A, 楚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-695A
← 楙
[U+6959] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 楛 →
[U+695B]

Translingual Edit

Stroke order
 

Han character Edit

楚 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木木弓卜人 (DDNYO), four-corner 44801, composition ⿱林疋)

Derived characters Edit

References Edit

  • KangXi: page 539, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15141
  • Dae Jaweon: page 927, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1244, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+695A

Chinese Edit

simp. and trad.
 楚
alternative forms 椘
䠂
𣕑
𣗂

Glyph origin Edit

Historical forms of the character 楚
Shang Western Zhou
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions
   
Characters in the same phonetic series (疋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
疋 *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ
蝑 *sŋas, *sŋa
壻 *sŋeːs
婿 *sŋeːs
胥 *sŋa, *sŋaʔ
稰 *sŋa, *sŋaʔ
楈 *sŋa, *sŋaʔ
諝 *sŋa, *sŋaʔ
湑 *sŋa, *sŋaʔ
揟 *sŋa
醑 *sŋaʔ
糈 *sŋaʔ, *sŋraʔ
楚 *sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras
礎 *sŋ̊ʰraʔ
憷 *sŋ̊ʰraʔ
齼 *sŋ̊ʰraʔ
濋 *sŋ̊ʰraʔ
儊 *sŋ̊ʰras
綀 *sŋra
疎 *sŋra
疏 *sŋra, *sŋras
蔬 *sŋra
梳 *sŋra

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras): semantic 林 (“forest; grove; woods”) + phonetic 疋 (OC *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ).

Etymology Edit

Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟlaʔ (“thorn”).

Pronunciation Edit

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 楚
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹³/
Tianjin /t͡sʰu¹³/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁴²/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵³/
Xi'an /t͡sʰou⁵³/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰv̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /t͡sʰu⁵³/
Lanzhou /p͡fʰu⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰəu⁴²/
Chengdu /t͡sʰu⁵³/
Guiyang /t͡sʰu⁴²/
Kunming /t͡sʰu⁵³/
Nanjing /t͡sʰu²¹²/
Hefei /t͡sʰʊ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰu⁵³/
Pingyao /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰu⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰu³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sʰəu⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰu⁵³/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰɤu³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰu³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡sʰəu³¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰəu⁴¹/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰəɯ²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰu³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
Nanning /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰu³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰu²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰo⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /su²¹³/
Rime
Character 楚 楚
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 初 (19) 初 (19)
Final (韻) 魚 (22) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 創舉切 瘡據切
Baxter tsrhjoX tsrhjoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ʃʰɨʌX/ /t͡ʃʰɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈ͡ʂʰiɔX/ /ʈ͡ʂʰiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ʃʰiɔX/ /t͡ʃʰiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈ͡ʂʰɨə̆X/ /ʈ͡ʂʰɨə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ʃʰiɔX/ /t͡ʃʰiɔH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ʃʰĭoX/ /t͡ʃʰĭoH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯woX/ /ʈ͡ʂʰi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chǔ chù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		co2 co3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 楚 楚 楚
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chǔ chǔ chǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsrhjoX › ‹ tsrhjoX › ‹ tsrhjoX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s.r̥]aʔ/ /*s.r̥aʔ/ /*s.r̥aʔ/
English arrange in order thorns name of a state

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 楚 楚
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11781 11786
Phonetic
component 		疋 疋
Rime
group 		魚 魚
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		楚 楚
Old
Chinese 		/*sŋ̊ʰraʔ/ /*sŋ̊ʰras/

Definitions Edit

楚

  1. (obsolete) Vitex; Chinese chaste tree (Vitex negundo)
    Synonym: 牡荆 (mǔjīng)
  2. (obsolete) thick growth of weeds or trees
  3. (historical) punishment cane
  4. (historical) to beat with a punishment cane
  5. painful; suffering
    痛楚  ―  tòngchǔ  ―  in great pain
    苦楚  ―  kǔchǔ  ―  suffering; misery
  6. neat; clear; orderly; arranged
    清楚  ―  qīngchǔ  ―  clear
  7. bright; gorgeous
  8. (obsolete) vulgar; unrefined
  9. (～國) (historical) Chu (an ancient Chinese viscounty and kingdom along the Yangtze River during the Zhou dynasty)
  10. modern-day Hubei and Hunan (where the state of Chu was located)
  11. (specifically) Hubei
  12. a surname

Compounds Edit

Japanese Edit

Kanji Edit

楚

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. whip
  2. cane

Readings Edit

Korean Edit

Hanja Edit

楚 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)

  1. name of feudal state
  2. clear

Vietnamese Edit

Han character Edit

楚: Hán Nôm readings: sở, sỡ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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