競

See also: 竞 and 竸

競	U+7AF6, 競 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AF6

← 竵
[U+7AF5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

竷 →
[U+7AF7]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

競 (Kangxi radical 117, 立+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 卜山卜廿山 (YUYTU), four-corner 0021₆, composition ⿰竞竞)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 873, character 22
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25831
Dae Jaweon: page 1304, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2717, character 2
Unihan data for U+7AF6

ChineseEdit

trad.		競
simp.		竞
alternative forms		𧫙𥪰竸傹 ancient

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 競
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (誩) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
誩	ɡaŋʔ, ɡraŋs, *l̥ʰuːms
競	*ɡraŋs

According to Shuowen, an Ideogrammic compound (會意): 誩 (“argument”) + 儿 (“man”) + 儿 (“man”) – two individuals competing. Also possibly a Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡraŋs): phonetic 誩 (OC *ɡaŋʔ, *ɡraŋs, *l̥ʰuːms) + semantic 儿 (“man”) + semantic 儿 (“man”). Compare 友.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging⁶, ging³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin
Min Dong (BUC): gêng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kēng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
  - Wade–Giles: ching⁴
  - Yale: jìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
  - Palladius: цзин (czin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ging⁶, ging³
  - Yale: gihng, ging
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging⁶, ging³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging⁶, ging³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ²²/, /kɪŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kin⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛiŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kēng
  - Tâi-lô: kīng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: keng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ɡˠiæŋH/

Rime
Character	競
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠敬切
Baxter	gjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiæŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiaŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiaŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/giajŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ɡiɐŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɐŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ɐŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kraŋʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡraŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	競
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ gjæng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kraŋʔ-s/ (~ C-kraŋʔ-s)
English	strive; compete
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.