Wiktionary

敬

See also: 茍
敬 U+656C, 敬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-656C
← 敫
[U+656B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 敭 →
[U+656D]
敬 U+2F8C9, 敬
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C9
← 敏
[U+2F8C8] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𣀊 →
[U+2F8CA]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

敬 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+9 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 攴+8 in mainland China and Japanese, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿口人大 (TROK), four-corner 48640, composition ⿰苟攵(GJKV) or ⿰茍攵(HT))

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 473, character 35
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13285
  • Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1466, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+656C

Chinese edit

trad. 敬
simp. # 敬

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 敬
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (敬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蟼 *kraː, *kreŋ, *kreŋʔ
憼 *kaŋʔ, *kreŋʔ
驚 *kreŋ
警 *kreŋʔ
儆 *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋs
璥 *keŋʔ
檠 *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs
敬 *kreŋs
擎 *ɡreŋ
曔 *ɡreŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 茍 + 攵, the left component represents a sitting dog, the right component represents authority.

Etymology edit

Cognate with 驚 (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to scare”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

Pronunciation edit

Rime
Character 敬
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居慶切
Baxter kjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠiæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚiaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kiajŋH/
Li
Rong 		/kiɐŋH/
Wang
Li 		/kĭɐŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ging3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 敬
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jìng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjængH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/
English respectful

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 敬
Reading # 1/1
No. 6885
Phonetic
component 		敬
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		敬
Old
Chinese 		/*kreŋs/
  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
Particularly: “Taishanese Yue”

Definitions edit

敬

  1. to respect; to honor
  2. to present; to offer (alcohol, food, cigarettes, tea, etc.)
  3. (literary, or in compounds) to concentrate completely on; to devote oneself to; to focus all of one's attention on
  4. (literary, or in compounds) respectful; deferential (Can we add an example for this sense?)
  5. a surname

Synonyms edit

  • (to respect):
  • (to concentrate completely on):
  • (respectful):

Antonyms edit

  • (antonym(s) of "to respect"): 鄙 (bǐ)

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (敬):
  • → Vietnamese: kính (敬)

Others:

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

敬

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Compounds

Archaic

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
敬
けい
Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 敬 (kjængH, “respectful”).

Pronunciation edit

Affix edit

敬(けい) • (kei) 

  1. respect, honor, reverence
Usage notes edit

Used in kanji compounds. Not used in isolation except as a suru verb.[1][2] See 敬する.

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
敬
うやまい
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 敬う (uyamau, “to respect, to esteem”).[1][2]

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

敬(うやまい) • (uyamai) 

  1. respect, esteem
Usage notes edit

More commonly spelled as 敬い with the okurigana.

Etymology 3 edit

Used as ateji in various names.

Proper noun edit

敬(たかし) • (Takashi) 

  1. a male given name

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

敬 (eumhun 공경할 경 (gonggyeonghal gyeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 경 (“respect, honor”).
  2. Hanja form? of 경 (“respectfully”).

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

敬: Hán Việt readings: kính (居(cư)慶(khánh)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
敬: Nôm readings: kính[1][2][4][5], kỉnh[2], kinh[6]

  1. chữ Hán form of kính (“to respect”).

Compounds edit

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ^ Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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