敬

See also: 茍

敬	U+656C, 敬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-656C

← 敫
[U+656B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

敭 →
[U+656D]

敬	U+2F8C9, 敬 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C9

← 敏
[U+2F8C8]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

𣀊 →
[U+2F8CA]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

敬 (radical 66, 攴+9 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 攴+8 in mainland China and Japanese, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿口人大 (TROK), four-corner 4864₀, composition ⿰苟攵(GJKV) or ⿰茍攵(HT))

Derived charactersEdit

警, 驚, 擎, 憼, 擏, 儆, 㯳, 璥, 曔, 檠, 蟼, 㢣, 䜘, 𠧂, 𢢩, 𤀂, 𫱻, 𢐧, 𩼃, 𫄿

ReferencesEdit

Wikidata has structured data related to:

敬

Wikidata

KangXi: page 473, character 35
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13285
Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1466, character 2
Unihan data for U+656C

Unihan data for U+2F8C9

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		敬

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 敬
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (敬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
蟼	kraː, kreŋ, *kreŋʔ
憼	kaŋʔ, kreŋʔ
驚	*kreŋ
警	*kreŋʔ
儆	kreŋʔ, ɡreŋs
璥	*keŋʔ
檠	kreŋʔ, ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs
敬	*kreŋs
擎	*ɡreŋ
曔	*ɡreŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 茍 + 攵, logic unclear.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin
Min Bei (KCR): ge̿ng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kèng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: jìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
  - Wade–Giles: ching⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ging³
  - Yale: ging
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging³
  - IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin⁴
  - IPA: /kin⁵⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ge̿ng
  - IPA ^(key): /keiŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
  - Tâi-lô: kìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kèng
  - IPA ^(key): /keŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /kˠiæŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	敬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居慶切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kreŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	敬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjæng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/
English	respectful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	敬
Reading #	1/1
No.	6885
Phonetic component	敬
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	敬
Old Chinese	/*kreŋs/

DefinitionsEdit

敬

to respect; to honor

SynonymsEdit

尊 (zūn)

AntonymsEdit

鄙 (bǐ, “to scorn”)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 敬

不敬 (bùjìng)
主敬存誠／主敬存诚
可敬 (kějìng)
回敬 (huíjìng)
大不敬 (dàbùjìng)
失敬 (shījìng)
奠敬
奩敬／奁敬
孝敬 (xiàojìng)
尊敬 (zūnjìng)
屈尊敬賢／屈尊敬贤
崇敬 (chóngjìng)
廝抬廝敬／厮抬厮敬
廝敬廝愛／厮敬厮爱
彌敬／弥敬
忒敬思
忠敬
恭恭敬敬
恭敬 (gōngjìng)
慎始敬終／慎始敬终
憐貧敬老／怜贫敬老
敬上
敬上愛下／敬上爱下
敬之
敬事
敬事不暇
敬事房
敬亭山
敬仰 (jìngyǎng)
敬佩 (jìngpèi)
敬信 (Jìngxìn)
敬同
敬啟者／敬启者 (jìngqǐzhě)
敬天愛民／敬天爱民
敬奉 (jìngfèng)
敬姜猶績／敬姜犹绩

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
Kun: うやまう (uyamau, 敬う, Jōyō)
Nanori: け (ke); たか (taka); たかし (takashi); たけ (take); とし (toshi); のり (nori); ひろ (hiro); ゆき (yuki); よし (yoshi)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

敬 (けい)畏 (い) (keii): reverence, holding in awe, fear
敬 (けい)意 (い) (keii): respect
敬愛 (けいあい) (keiai): respect and affection
敬 (けい)遠 (えん) (keien): keeping at a distance
敬 (けい)具 (ぐ) (keigu): a respectful closing statement
敬 (けい)虔 (けん) (keiken): pious
敬 (けい)語 (ご) (keigo): honorifics
敬 (けい)神 (しん) (keishin): piety
敬 (けい)称 (しょう) (keishō): title of honor
敬体 (けいたい) (keitai): distal style

敬白 (けいはく) (keihaku): Yours Sincerely
敬服 (けいふく) (keifuku): admiration
敬 (けい)慕 (ぼ) (keibo): love and respect
敬 (けい)礼 (れい) (keirei): salute, bow
敬 (けい)老 (ろう) (keirō): respect for elders
敬 (けい)譲 (じょう)語 (ご) (keijōgo): polite speech
敬天愛人 (けいてんあいじん) (keiten aijin): "Revere heaven, love people."
失 (しっ)敬 (けい) (shikkei): rude
尊 (そん)敬 (けい) (sonkei): respect

Archaic

敬 (けい)啓 (けい) (keikei): salutation at end of formal letter
敬 (けい)呈 (てい) (keitei): salutation in a formal letter

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
敬
けい Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 敬 (kjæng^H, “respectful”).

PronunciationEdit

On’yomi: Kan’on
- IPA^(key): [ke̞ː]

AffixEdit

敬 (hiragana けい, rōmaji kei)

respect, honor, reverence

Usage notesEdit

Used in kanji compounds. Not used in isolation except as a suru verb.^[1]^[2] See 敬する.

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

敬 (けい)する (keisuru): to respect, to esteem

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
敬
うやまい Grade: 6
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 敬う (uyamau, “to respect, to esteem”).^[1]^[2]

PronunciationEdit

Kun’yomi
- IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝja̠ma̠i]

Alternative formsEdit

敬い

NounEdit

敬 (hiragana うやまい, rōmaji uyamai)

respect, esteem

Usage notesEdit

More commonly spelled as 敬い with the okurigana.

Etymology 3Edit

Used as ateji in various names.

Proper nounEdit

敬 (hiragana たかし, rōmaji Takashi)

A male given name

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

敬 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

敬: Hán Việt readings: kính (居(cư)慶(khánh)切(thiết))^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
敬: Nôm readings: kính^[1]^[2]^[4]^[5], kỉnh^[2], kinh^[6]

Hán tự form of kính (“to respect”).

CompoundsEdit

恭敬 (cung kính)
敬重 (kính trọng)

ReferencesEdit

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[tdcndg-3] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-4] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-5] Trần (2004).

[bonet-6] 4.0 ^4.1 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-7] Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-8] Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

敬

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

PronunciationEdit

DefinitionsEdit

SynonymsEdit

AntonymsEdit

CompoundsEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

AffixEdit

Usage notesEdit

Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

Usage notesEdit

Etymology 3Edit

Proper nounEdit

ReferencesEdit

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

CompoundsEdit

ReferencesEdit