敬

See also: 茍

敬 U+656C, 敬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-656C ← 敫 [U+656B] CJK Unified Ideographs 敭 → [U+656D]

敬 U+2F8C9, 敬 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C9 ← 敏 [U+2F8C8] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𣀊 → [U+2F8CA]

Translingual

Han character

敬 (radical 66, 攴+9 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 攴+8 in mainland China and Japanese, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿口人大 (TROK), four-corner 4864₀, composition ⿰苟攵(GJKV) or ⿰茍攵(HT))

Derived characters

• 警, 驚, 擎, 憼, 擏, 儆, 㯳, 璥, 曔, 檠, 蟼, 㢣, 䜘, 𠧂, 𢢩, 𤀂, 𫱻, 𢐧, 𩼃, 𫄿

References

• KangXi: page 473, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13285
• Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1466, character 2
• Unihan data for U+656C

• Unihan data for U+2F8C9

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		敬

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 敬
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (敬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
蟼	*kraː, *kreŋ, *kreŋʔ
憼	*kaŋʔ, *kreŋʔ
驚	*kreŋ
警	*kreŋʔ
儆	*kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋs
璥	*keŋʔ
檠	*kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs
敬	*kreŋs
擎	*ɡreŋ
曔	*ɡreŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 茍 + 攵, logic unclear.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin
• Min Bei (KCR): ge̿ng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kèng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: jìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
    • Wade–Giles: ching⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ging³
    • Yale: ging
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin
    • Hakka Romanization System: gin
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gin⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kin⁵⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ge̿ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /keiŋ³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
    • Tâi-lô: kìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gêng³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kèng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kˠiæŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	敬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居慶切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋH/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋH/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kreŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	敬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjængH ›
Old Chinese	/*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/
English	respectful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	敬
Reading #	1/1
No.	6885
Phonetic component	敬
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	敬
Old Chinese	/*kreŋs/

Definitions

敬

1. to respect; to honor
2. to present; to offer (alcohol, food, cigarettes, tea, etc.)

Synonyms

• 尊 (zūn)

Antonyms

• 鄙 (bǐ, “to scorn”)

Compounds

Derived terms from 敬

• 不敬 (bùjìng)
• 主敬存誠／主敬存诚
• 可敬 (kějìng)
• 回敬 (huíjìng)
• 大不敬 (dàbùjìng)
• 失敬 (shījìng)
• 奠敬
• 奩敬／奁敬
• 孝敬 (xiàojìng)
• 尊敬 (zūnjìng)
• 屈尊敬賢／屈尊敬贤
• 崇敬 (chóngjìng)
• 廝抬廝敬／厮抬厮敬
• 廝敬廝愛／厮敬厮爱
• 彌敬／弥敬
• 忒敬思
• 忠敬
• 恭恭敬敬 (gōnggōngjìngjìng)
• 恭敬 (gōngjìng)
• 慎始敬終／慎始敬终
• 憐貧敬老／怜贫敬老
• 敬上
• 敬上愛下／敬上爱下
• 敬之
• 敬事
• 敬事不暇
• 敬事房
• 敬亭山
• 敬仰 (jìngyǎng)
• 敬佩 (jìngpèi)
• 敬信 (Jìngxìn)
• 敬同
• 敬啟者／敬启者 (jìngqǐzhě)
• 敬天愛民／敬天爱民
• 敬奉 (jìngfèng)
• 敬姜猶績／敬姜犹绩
• 敬小慎微

• 敬心
• 敬思
• 敬悉
• 敬意 (jìngyì)
• 敬愛／敬爱 (jìng'ài)
• 敬慎
• 敬慕 (jìngmù)
• 敬懇者／敬恳者
• 敬懼／敬惧
• 敬授人時／敬授人时
• 敬時愛日／敬时爱日
• 敬服 (jìngfú)
• 敬業／敬业 (jìngyè)
• 敬業樂群／敬业乐群 (jìngyèyàoqún)
• 敬業精神／敬业精神
• 敬畏 (jìngwèi)
• 敬祝 (jìngzhù)
• 敬神
• 敬禮／敬礼 (jìnglǐ)
• 敬稟者／敬禀者
• 敬稱／敬称
• 敬老尊賢／敬老尊贤
• 敬老恤貧／敬老恤贫
• 敬老慈幼
• 敬老憐貧／敬老怜贫
• 敬老節／敬老节
• 敬老院 (jìnglǎoyuàn)
• 敬而遠之／敬而远之 (jìng'éryuǎnzhī)
• 敬肅者／敬肃者
• 敬若神明
• 敬虔主義／敬虔主义
• 敬詞／敬词 (jìngcí)
• 敬請／敬请 (jìngqǐng)
• 敬諾／敬诺
• 敬謝／敬谢
• 敬謝不敏／敬谢不敏

• 敬謹／敬谨
• 敬賢／敬贤 (jìngxián)
• 敬賢禮士／敬贤礼士 (jìngxiánlǐshì)
• 敬身
• 敬辭／敬辞 (jìngcí)
• 敬酒 (jìngjiǔ)
• 敬重 (jìngzhòng)
• 敬陪末坐
• 敬陪末座
• 敬頌／敬颂
• 最敬禮／最敬礼
• 梁敬帝
• 楮敬
• 欽敬／钦敬 (qīnjìng)
• 潔敬／洁敬
• 炭敬
• 無以為敬／无以为敬
• 用代楮敬
• 畢恭畢敬／毕恭毕敬 (bìgōngbìjìng)
• 相敬如賓／相敬如宾
• 程敬
• 節敬／节敬
• 肅然起敬／肃然起敬
• 脩敬
• 至敬無文／至敬无文
• 致敬 (zhìjìng)
• 茶敬
• 莊敬／庄敬 (Zhuāngjìng)
• 莊敬自強／庄敬自强
• 菲敬
• 虔敬 (qiánjìng)
• 誠心敬意／诚心敬意
• 誠敬／诚敬
• 贄敬／贽敬
• 起敬
• 輕財敬士／轻财敬士

Further reading

• “Entry #9524”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

敬

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
• Kun: うやまう (uyamau, 敬う, Jōyō)
• Nanori: け (ke); たか (taka); たかし (takashi); たけ (take); とし (toshi); のり (nori); ひろ (hiro); ゆき (yuki); よし (yoshi)

Compounds

Compounds

• 敬畏 (けいい) (keii): reverence, holding in awe, fear
• 敬意 (けいい) (keii): respect
• 敬愛 (けいあい) (keiai): respect and affection
• 敬遠 (けいえん) (keien): keeping at a distance
• 敬具 (けいぐ) (keigu): a respectful closing statement
• 敬虔 (けいけん) (keiken): pious
• 敬語 (けいご) (keigo): honorifics
• 敬神 (けいしん) (keishin): piety
• 敬称 (けいしょう) (keishō): title of honor
• 敬体 (けいたい) (keitai): distal style

• 敬白 (けいはく) (keihaku): Yours Sincerely
• 敬服 (けいふく) (keifuku): admiration
• 敬慕 (けいぼ) (keibo): love and respect
• 敬礼 (けいれい) (keirei): salute, bow
• 敬老 (けいろう) (keirō): respect for elders
• 敬譲語 (けいじょうご) (keijōgo): polite speech
• 敬天愛人 (けいてんあいじん) (keiten aijin): "Revere heaven, love people."
• 失敬 (しっけい) (shikkei): rude
• 尊敬 (そんけい) (sonkei): respect

Archaic

• 敬啓 (けいけい) (keikei): salutation at end of formal letter
• 敬呈 (けいてい) (keitei): salutation in a formal letter

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
敬
けい Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 敬 (kjæng^H, “respectful”).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • IPA^(key): [ke̞ː]

Affix

敬 (hiragana けい, rōmaji kei)

1. respect, honor, reverence

Usage notes

Used in kanji compounds. Not used in isolation except as a suru verb. See 敬する.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 敬 (けい)する (keisuru): to respect, to esteem

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
敬
うやまい Grade: 6
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 敬う (uyamau, “to respect, to esteem”).

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝja̠ma̠i]

Alternative forms

• 敬い

Noun

敬 (hiragana うやまい, rōmaji uyamai)

1. respect, esteem

Usage notes

More commonly spelled as 敬い with the okurigana.

Etymology 3

Used as ateji in various names.

Proper noun

敬 (hiragana たかし, rōmaji Takashi)

1. A male given name

References

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Korean

Hanja

敬 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

1. respect, honor
2. respectfully

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Vietnamese

Han character

敬: Hán Việt readings: kính (居(cư)慶(khánh)切(thiết))
敬: Nôm readings: kính, kỉnh, kinh

1. Hán tự form of kính (“to respect”).

Compounds

• 恭敬 (cung kính)
• 敬重 (kính trọng)

 

References