渠

渠 U+6E20, 渠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E20 ← 渟 [U+6E1F] CJK Unified Ideographs 渡 → [U+6E21]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

渠 (radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水尸木 (ESD), four-corner 3190₄, composition ⿱洰木)

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 633, character 48
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17764
• Dae Jaweon: page 1040, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1645, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6E20

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		渠
alt. forms		𠍲 pronoun 佢 pronoun (dialectal) 伊 pronoun (S. Sixian Hakka; Shanghainese) 洰 second round simplified

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 渠
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (巨) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
柜	*kaʔ
渠	*ɡa
磲	*ɡa
蕖	*ɡa
蟝	*ɡa
璖	*ɡa
巨	*ɡaʔ
距	*ɡaʔ
拒	*ɡaʔ
苣	*ɡaʔ
炬	*ɡaʔ
詎	*ɡaʔ, *ɡas
鉅	*ɡaʔ
秬	*ɡaʔ
粔	*ɡaʔ
駏	*ɡaʔ
歫	*ɡaʔ
矩	*kʷaʔ
榘	*kʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡa): semantic 水 (“water”) + abbreviated phonetic 榘 (OC *kʷaʔ).

EtymologyEdit

“ditch; canal; drain”

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka ~ *k(r)a (“path; way; channel; ditch”); probably the same word as 衢 (OC *ɡʷa, “passage”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan རྐ (rka, “gutter; channel; furrow”).

third-person pronoun

Attested since 4th to 5th century CE, preserved in many central and southern dialects (Schuessler, 2007). See 佢.

Pronunciation 1Edit

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): qú (qu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): qu²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): keoi⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kui³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khì

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ki²

• Min Dong (BUC): kṳ̀
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kû / kîr / kî

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ke⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): jjy (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): ju²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: qú
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˊ
    • Wade–Giles: ch'ü²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyu
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: qu²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ky
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: keoi⁴
    • Yale: kèuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: koey⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: kêu⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɵy̯²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: kui³
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰui²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khì
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ki²
    • IPA: /kʰi¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ki²
    • IPA: /cʰi¹¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kṳ̀
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰy⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kû
    • Tâi-lô: kû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kuu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ku²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kîr
    • Tâi-lô: kîr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɯ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kî
    • Tâi-lô: kî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kii
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki¹³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ke⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ̂
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɯ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: jjy (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /d̥͡ʑy²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: ju²
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕu¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɡɨʌ/▼

Rime
Character	渠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	強魚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨə̆/
Li Rong	/ɡiɔ/
Wang Li	/ɡĭo/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qú

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)a/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡa/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	渠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qú
Middle Chinese	‹ gjo ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ](r)a/
English	canal
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渠
Reading #	1/1
No.	7042
Phonetic component	巨
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ɡa/

DefinitionsEdit

渠

1. ditch; canal; drain

   渠務 / 渠务  ―  qúwù  ―  drainage services

2. ^† big; huge
3. A surname​.

Pronunciation 2Edit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qú (qu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): keoi⁵, heoi⁵, keoi⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kui¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): qie²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kì / yì

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gi²

• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kû / kîr / kî

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ke⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhi (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: qú
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˊ
    • Wade–Giles: ch'ü²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyu
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: keoi⁵, heoi⁵, keoi⁴
    • Yale: kéuih, héuih, kèuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: koey⁵, hoey⁵, koey⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: kêu⁵, hêu⁵, kêu⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɵy̯¹³/, /hɵy̯¹³/, /kʰɵy̯²¹/

Note:

• keoi5, heoi5 - vernacular (most commonly written as 佢);
• keoi4 - literary.

• (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  • Wiktionary: kui¹
  • IPA ^(key): /kʰui³³/

Gan

• (Nanchang)
  • Wiktionary: qie²
  • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰie²⁴/

Hakka

• (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kì
  • Hakka Romanization System: giˇ
  • Hagfa Pinyim: gi²
  • IPA: /ki¹¹/
• (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kì / yì
  • Hakka Romanization System: giˇ / (r)iˇ
  • Hagfa Pinyim: gi² / yi²
  • IPA: /ki¹¹/, /(j)i¹¹/
• (Meixian)
  • Guangdong: gi²
  • IPA: /ci¹¹/

Min Nan

• (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kû
  • Tâi-lô: kû
  • Phofsit Daibuun: kuu
  • IPA (Xiamen): /ku²⁴/
• (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kîr
  • Tâi-lô: kîr
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɯ²⁴/
• (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kî
  • Tâi-lô: kî
  • Phofsit Daibuun: kii
  • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki¹³/
• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ke⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ̂
  • IPA ^(key): /kʰɯ⁵⁵/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: hhi (T3)
  • IPA ^(key): /ɦi²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɡɨʌ/▼

Rime
Character	渠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	強魚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨə̆/
Li Rong	/ɡiɔ/
Wang Li	/ɡĭo/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qú

DefinitionsEdit

渠

1. (literary or dialectal) third-person pronoun; he, she, it

   問渠哪得清如許，為有源頭活水來。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
   问渠哪得清如许，为有源头活水来。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

   From: c. 12th century, 朱熹 (Zhu Xi), 觀書有感

   Wèn qú nǎ dé qīng rú xǔ, wèi yǒu yuántóu huóshuǐ lái. [Pinyin]

   [I want to] ask it [the pond] why it can be so clear. It is because running water continuously flows in.

SynonymsEdit

CompoundsEdit

• 出渠
• 幹渠／干渠
• 廣通渠／广通渠
• 斗渠
• 橫渠／横渠
• 橫渠學派／横渠学派
• 毛渠
• 水到渠成 (shuǐdàoqúchéng)
• 永濟渠／永济渠
• 河渠
• 流血成渠
• 渠們／渠们
• 渠儂／渠侬 (qúnóng)

• 渠務／渠务
• 渠帥／渠帅 (qúshuài)
• 渠水
• 渠江
• 渠渠
• 渠率
• 渠衝／渠冲
• 渠輩／渠辈
• 渠道 (qúdào)
• 渠魁 (qúkuí)
• 溝渠／沟渠 (gōuqú)
• 漕渠
• 灌溉渠

• 犀渠
• 白渠
• 石渠
• 義渠／义渠
• 血流成渠
• 軒渠／轩渠
• 轉死溝渠／转死沟渠
• 轉渠口／转渠口
• 通濟渠／通济渠
• 開渠穿井／开渠穿井
• 靈渠／灵渠 (Líng Qú)
• 黃渠／黄渠 (Huángqú)

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

渠

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReadingsEdit

• On (unclassified): きょ (kyo)
• Kun: みぞ (mizo, 渠); かれ (kare, 渠); なんぞ (nanzo, 渠ぞ)

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

渠 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

• Hán Việt: cừ, gừa, khờ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.