釋迦

See also: 釈迦 and 释迦

Chinese edit

		phonetic
trad. (釋迦)		釋	迦
simp. (释迦)		释	迦

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釋迦

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाक्य (Śākya).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shìjiā

(Zhuyin): ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sik¹ gaa¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳt-kâ / sit-kâ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sek-ka / sek-kee / sek-khia / sek-kia / sek-kiau / sek-khiau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shìjiā
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shìhjia
  - Wade–Giles: shih⁴-chia¹
  - Yale: shr̀-jyā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyhjia
  - Palladius: шицзя (šiczja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    世家
    釋迦／释迦
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sik¹ gaa¹
  - Yale: sīk gā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁷ gaa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xig¹ ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳt-kâ / sit-kâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: siid` ga´ / xid` ga´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sid⁵ ga¹ / xid⁵ ga¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨt̚² ka²⁴/, /sit̚² ka²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek-ka
  - Tâi-lô: sik-ka
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sekkaf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ka⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek-kee
  - Tâi-lô: sik-kee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ kɛ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek-khia
  - Tâi-lô: sik-khia
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sekqiaf
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰia⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Yilan): /siɪk̚²⁻⁵ kʰia⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Magong, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek-kia
  - Tâi-lô: sik-kia
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sekkiaf
  - IPA (Taipei): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kia⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Lukang): /siɪk̚⁵ kia³³/
- (Hokkien: Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek-kiau
  - Tâi-lô: sik-kiau
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sekkiaw
  - IPA (Kinmen): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁵⁴ kiau⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek-khiau
  - Tâi-lô: sik-khiau
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sekqiaw
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiau⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: syek kja

Rime
Character	釋	迦
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)	戈 (96)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	施隻切	居伽切
Baxter	syek	kja
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiᴇk̚/	/kɨɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɛk̚/	/kiɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiæk̚/	/kiɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiajk̚/	/kɨa/
Li Rong	/ɕiɛk̚/	/kiɑ/
Wang Li	/ɕĭɛk̚/	/kǐɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ɛk̚/	/ki̯ɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shi	jiē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sik¹	ge¹

Proper noun edit

釋迦

(～族) (historical, Buddhism) Shakya (a clan originating from the Indian subcontinent)
(Buddhism) Short for 釋迦牟尼／释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní, “Śakyamuni Buddha”).

Noun edit

釋迦

(chiefly Taiwan and Southern Min) Short for 釋迦果／释迦果 (shìjiāguǒ, “sugar apple”).

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 番荔枝 (“sugar apple”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Taxonomic name		番荔枝
Mandarin	Taiwan	釋迦, 釋迦果
Mandarin	Singapore	釋迦
Cantonese	Guangzhou	番荔枝, 番鬼荔枝, 番鬼佬荔枝
	Hong Kong	番荔枝, 番鬼荔枝, 番鬼佬荔枝, 番枝
	Dongguan	番鬼荔枝
Hakka	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	番鬼荔枝
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	釋迦
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	釋迦, 沙梨
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	釋迦
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	牛心梨, 柅仔
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	釋迦
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	佛果, 釋迦
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	釋迦
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	佛果, 釋迦
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	釋迦
Southern Min	Xiamen	番仔荔枝, 釋迦
	Zhangzhou	番仔荔枝, 釋迦
	Zhao'an	林檎
	Taipei	釋迦
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	釋迦
	Kaohsiung	釋迦
	Yilan	釋迦
	Changhua (Lukang)	釋迦
	Taichung	釋迦
	Tainan	釋迦
	Hsinchu	釋迦
	Kinmen	釋迦
	Penghu (Magong)	釋迦
	Penang (Hokkien)	nona
	Singapore (Hokkien)	林檎
	Manila (Hokkien)	釋迦
	Chaozhou	林檎
	Raoping	林檎
	Shantou	林檎
	Shantou (Chenghai)	林檎
	Nan'ao (Houzhai)	林檎
	Nan'ao (Yun'ao)	林檎
	Singapore (Teochew)	林檎

Derived terms edit

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
釋	迦
しゃく > しゃ Hyōgaiji	か Jinmeiyō
irregular	kan’on

For pronunciation and definitions of 釋迦 – see the following entry.

【釈迦しゃか】

[proper noun] (Buddhism) Clipping of 釈迦牟尼 (Shakamuni): Sakyamuni

[proper noun] (historical) Short for 釈迦族 (Shaka-zoku): an ancient north Indian tribe to which Sakyamuni once belonged

[noun] (theater) a gold-lacquered Noh mask used to depict the Buddha

(This term, 釋迦, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Old Japanese edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 釋迦 (MC syek kja), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit शाक्य (Śākya)

Proper noun edit

釋迦 (Shaka) (kana しゃか)

(Buddhism) Śakyamuni
- c. 753, Bussokuseki no Uta (Yakushi-ji Buddha Footprint Poems), poem 9
  舎加乃美阿止伊波爾宇都志於伎宇夜麻比弖乃知乃保止氣爾由豆利麻都良牟佐佐義麻宇佐牟
  Shaka no₂ mi₁-ato₂ ipa ni utusi-oki₁ uyamapi₁te no₂ti no₂ poto₂ke₂ ni yuduri-maturamu sasage-mausamu
  Śakya’s holy footprints which I inscribe copies on rock and revere, to the future Buddha I bequeath and dedicate, I humbly consecrate!

Usage notes edit

Some dictionaries erroneously have entries read as さか (Saka), assuming lack of palatalization sounds in other Old Japanese literature. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Descendants edit

Japanese: 釈迦 (Shaka)