Wiktionary

佛

See also: 仏 and 彿
佛 U+4F5B, 佛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F5B
← 佚
[U+4F5A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 作 →
[U+4F5C]

Translingual Edit

Stroke order
 

Han character Edit

佛 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人中中弓 (OLLN), four-corner 25227, composition ⿰亻弗)

Derived characters Edit

References Edit

  • KangXi: page 99, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 517
  • Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 140, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4F5B

Chinese Edit

simp. and trad.
 佛
alternative forms
 
仏
㚕
仸
𠑵
𠇛
仏
㚕
仸
𠑵
𠇛
𡗻
𡘉
𦤲
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin Edit

Historical forms of the character 佛
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   
Small seal script
 

s05732

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L26012

 

L26013

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (弗) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鄪 *prɯds
費 *prɯds, *pʰɯds, *bɯds
砩 *pads
沸 *pɯds
疿 *pɯds
茀 *pɯds, *pʰɯd
髴 *pʰɯds, *pɯd, *pʰɯd
昲 *pʰɯds
靅 *pʰɯds
狒 *buds
怫 *bɯds, *bɯd
胇 *brɯd
艴 *bɯːd, *pʰɯd
弗 *pɯd
紼 *pɯd
柫 *pɯd
笰 *pɯd
拂 *pʰɯd
刜 *pʰɯd, *bɯd
彿 *pʰɯd
佛 *bɯd
坲 *bɯd
咈 *bɯd
炥 *bɯd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *bɯd): semantic 亻 + phonetic 弗 (OC *pɯd).

Etymology 1 Edit

Ji (1998v7) considers it likely borrowed from Iranian (compare Sogdian 𐼾𐼴𐽂𐼷‎ (pwty), 𐫁𐫇𐫤𐫏‎ (bwty /⁠Pute, Bute, βute⁠/), Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwt'), 𐫁𐫇𐫤‎ (bwt /⁠But⁠/), Parthian 𐫁𐫇𐫎‎ (bwṯ /⁠But, Butt⁠/)), ultimately from Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha, “awakened, enlightened”, past passive participle), whence also 佛陀 (MC bjut da), but the Chinese morpheme 佛 is not a direct contraction or clipping of the latter.

Pronunciation Edit

Note: fiit6 - used in some compounds, e.g. 佛手, 佛七.
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
    • pu̍t - vernacular;
    • hu̍t - literary.
  • (Teochew)
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 佛
    Mandarin Beijing /fo³⁵/
    Harbin /fɤ²⁴/
    Tianjin /fo⁴⁵/
    Jinan /fə⁴²/
    Qingdao /fu⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /fu⁴²/
    Xi'an /fo²⁴/
    Xining /fɔ²⁴/
    Yinchuan /fu¹³/
    /fuə⁵³/
    Lanzhou /fə⁵³/
    Ürümqi /fɤ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /fu²¹³/
    Chengdu /fu³¹/
    /fəu³¹/
    Guiyang /fu²¹/
    Kunming /fu³¹/
    Nanjing /fuʔ⁵/
    Hefei /fəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /fəʔ⁵⁴/
    Pingyao /xuʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /fɤ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /vəʔ¹/
    Suzhou /vəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /vəʔ²/
    Wenzhou /vai²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /fu²²/
    Tunxi /fə¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /fu²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ɸu⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /fɨʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /fut̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /fut̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /fɐt̚²/
    Nanning /fɐt̚²²/
    Hong Kong /fɐt̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hut̚⁵/
    /put̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xo⁴⁴/
    /xu²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /huk̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔbut̚³/
    Rime
    Character 佛
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 並 (3)
    Final (韻) 文 (60)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 符弗切
    Baxter bjut
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/bɨut̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/biut̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/biuət̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/but̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/biuət̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/bĭuət̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/bʱi̯uət̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fú
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		fat6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 佛
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ bjut ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[b][u]t/
    English great

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 佛
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 3324
    Phonetic
    component         		弗
    Rime
    group         		物
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		佛
    Old
    Chinese         		/*bɯd/

    Definitions Edit

    佛

    1. (Buddhism) Buddha; The Enlightened One
      佛陀  ―  fótuó  ―  Buddha
      佛教  ―  fójiào  ―  Buddhism
    2. (Buddhism) statue of Buddha
    3. (by extension) Buddhist scriptures
    4. (by extension) Buddhism; Buddhist doctrines

    Descendants Edit

    Sino-Xenic (佛):
    • → Japanese: 仏(ふつ) (futsu); 仏(ぶつ) (butsu)
    • → Korean: 불(佛) (bul)
    • → Vietnamese: Phật (佛), Bụt (佛)

    Others:

    Compounds Edit

    Etymology 2 Edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 佛 – see 彿 (“resembling, like, as if”).
    (This character, 佛, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 彿.)
    Notes:

    Etymology 3 Edit

    Pronunciation Edit

    Definitions Edit

    佛

    1. † Alternative form of 拂 (fú, “to go against; to be contrary to”)

    Compounds Edit

    Etymology 4 Edit

    Pronunciation Edit

    Definitions Edit

    佛

    1. † Alternative form of 弼 (bì, “to assist”)
    2. a surname

    Etymology 5 Edit

    Pronunciation Edit

    Definitions Edit

    佛

    1. † Alternative form of 勃 (bó, “prosperous, thriving”)

    Etymology 6 Edit

    Dialectal pronunciation of 服 (fú). Popularized by the streamer Sun Xiaochuan.

    Pronunciation Edit

    Definitions Edit

    佛

    1. (Mainland China, Internet slang) Alternative form of 服 (“You win”)

    References Edit

    Japanese Edit

    Shinjitai

    		仏

    Kyūjitai

    		佛

    Kanji Edit

    佛

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 仏)

    1. Kyūjitai form of 仏

    Readings Edit

    Definitions Edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 佛 – see the following entry.
    【仏】5
    [kanji] Grade 5 kanji
    (This term, 佛, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

    Korean Edit

    Etymology Edit

    From Middle Chinese 佛 (MC bjut).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 뿌ᇙ〮 (Yale: ppwúlq)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 부텨 (Yale: Pwùthyè) 불〮 (Yale: pwúl)

    Pronunciation Edit

    Hanja Edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    佛 (eumhun 부처 불 (bucheo bul))

    1. Hanja form? of 불 (“Buddha”).
    2. Hanja form? of 불 (“France (in compounds, in news media)”).

    Compounds Edit

    Compounds

    Proper noun Edit

    Hanja in this term
    佛

    佛 • (Bul) (hangeul 불)

    1. (in news headlines) Short for 佛(불)蘭(란)西(서) (Bullanseo, “France”).

    Usage notes Edit

    A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

    References Edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Old Japanese Edit

    Etymology Edit

    Most likely from Proto-Koreanic *Pwutukye (“Buddha”).

    Noun Edit

    佛 (poto2ke2) (kana ほとけ)

    1. (Buddhism) a carving, image, statue, or other likeness of a buddha
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 16, poem 3841), text here
        佛造眞朱不足者水渟池田乃阿曾我鼻上乎穿禮
        poto2ke2 tukuru ma-so2po tarazupa mi1du tamaru Ike2da no2 aso2 ga pana no2 upe2 wo pore
        For the Buddha statue, you lack enough vermilion―so there is the puddle of Lord “Pond Field” Ikeda, dig in that big red nose.[1]

    Descendants Edit

    • Japanese: 仏 (hotoke)

    References Edit

    1. ^ Jin'ichi Konishi (2017), Aileen Gatten, Nicholas Teele, transl.; Earl Roy Miner, editor, A History of Japanese Literature, Volume 1: The Archaic and Ancient Ages (Volume 4935 of Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 415

    Vietnamese Edit

    Han character Edit

    佛: Hán Việt readings: phật (符(phù)勿(vật)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], phất[3]
    佛: Nôm readings: phật[1][2][3][4][6]

    1. chữ Hán form of Phật (“Buddha, the Enlightened One”).
    2. chữ Hán form of Phật (“Buddhism”).

    Compounds Edit

    References Edit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
    5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
    6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

    Zhuang Edit

    Noun Edit

    佛

    1. Sawndip form of baed (“Buddha; shrine; spirit; god”)
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