龍骨

See also: 龙骨

Chinese edit

		dragon; imperial; surname	bone
trad. (龍骨)		龍	骨
simp. (龙骨)		龙	骨

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龍骨

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lónggǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lung⁴ gwat¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): liùng-kut
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lêng-kut / liông-kut

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lónggǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lónggǔ
  - Wade–Giles: lung²-ku³
  - Yale: lúng-gǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: longguu
  - Palladius: лунгу (lungu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lung⁴ gwat¹
  - Yale: lùhng gwāt
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lung⁴ gwat⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: lung⁴ gued¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊŋ²¹ kʷɐt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liùng-kut
  - Hakka Romanization System: liungˇ gud`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: liung² gud⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯uŋ¹¹ kut̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng-kut
  - Tâi-lô: lîng-kut
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lengkud
  - IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kut̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kut̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kut̚⁵/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³⁻³³ kut̚³²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông-kut
  - Tâi-lô: liông-kut
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liongkud
  - IPA (Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kut̚³²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɔŋ¹³⁻²² kut̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³⁻³³ kut̚³²/

Middle Chinese: ljowng kwot

Rime
Character	龍	骨
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)	魂 (56)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	力鍾切	古忽切
Baxter	ljowng	kwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨoŋ/	/kuət̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lioŋ/	/kuot̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lioŋ/	/kuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luawŋ/	/kwət̚/
Li Rong	/lioŋ/	/kuət̚/
Wang Li	/lĭwoŋ/	/kuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯woŋ/	/kuət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lóng	gu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lung⁴	gwat¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*b·roŋ kuːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	龍	骨
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	8436	4321
Phonetic component	龍	骨
Rime group	東	物
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	龍	骨
Old Chinese	/*b·roŋ/	/*kuːd/
Notes		冎亦聲

Noun edit

龍骨

keel (beam along the underside of a ship’s hull)
dragon bones, which are actually fossils (ancient bones used in traditional Chinese medicine)
breastbone (of a bird)
spareribs; pork bones
thin trunk
jujube
water wheel
mainstay
stone embankment
carpus
fine horse
structure used to bear the weight
(Hakka, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) vertebra

Synonyms edit

(vertebra):

Dialectal synonyms of 椎骨 (“vertebra”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		椎骨, 脊椎骨, 脊椎
Southern Min	Xiamen	尻脊骨
	Quanzhou	尻脊骨, 巴脊骨
	Jinjiang	龍脊骨
	Zhangzhou	尻脊骨, 龍楞骨, 透龍骨, 龍骨

Derived terms edit

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