忽

Translingual

Han character

忽 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心竹心 (PHP), four-corner 2733₂, composition ⿱勿心)

Derived characters

𬾠, 唿, 𡝲, 惚, 㧾, 淴, 㺀, 𣇤, 𪲨, 𬊡, 𤙹, 𤦏, 𦜩, 𥇰, 𦁕(𰬦), 𦖟, 𰃒, 𧩓, 鍃,(锪), 𧇰, 𩋚, 䬍(𬲀), 𪍃, 𫜚
𢽨, 𪯏, 𭞿, 𪂒, 𫻜, 𡱽, 䓤, 䨚, 𩭳, 𫆒

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 378, character 34
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10405
Dae Jaweon: page 707, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2274, character 9
Unihan data for U+5FFD

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 忽
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (勿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
脗	*minʔ
吻	*mɯnʔ
刎	*mɯnʔ
伆	mɯnʔ, mɯd
勽	buːs, mɯnʔ
沕	mrɯd, mɯd
忽	*hmɯːd
昒	hmɯːd, mɯd
惚	*hmɯːd
匫	*hmɯːd
笏	*hmɯːd
曶	*hmɯːd
淴	*ʔmɯːd
物	*mɯd
勿	*mɯd
芴	*mɯd
岉	*mɯd

Historically and academically considered a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmɯːd) : phonetic 勿 (OC *mɯd) + semantic 心 (“heart”). Incorrectly colloquially explained as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 勿 (“not”) + 心 (“heart”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		忽
alternative forms		芴

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hū (hu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fat¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fut
Jin (Wiktionary): huah⁴
Northern Min (KCR): hŏ
Eastern Min (BUC): huók
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hut

(Teochew, Peng'im): hug⁴
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷hoq / ⁷hueq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hū
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hu
  - Wade–Giles: hu¹
  - Yale: hū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hu
  - Palladius: ху (xu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fat¹
  - Yale: fāt
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fat⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: fed¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fut
  - Hakka Romanization System: fud^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fud⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /fut̚²/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: huah⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuaʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hŏ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xo²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huɔʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hut
  - Tâi-lô: hut
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hud
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hut̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hut̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hut̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hut̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hut̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hug⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huk̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁷hoq
  - MiniDict: hoh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴hoq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hoʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /hoʔ⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁷hueq
  - MiniDict: hueh^入
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /huəʔ⁴³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 忽
Mandarin	Beijing	/xu⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/xu⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/xu²¹/
	Jinan	/xu²¹³/
	Qingdao	/xu⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/xu²⁴/
	Xi'an	/xu²¹/
	Xining	/xv̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/xu³¹/
	Ürümqi	/xu⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/xu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/fu³¹/
	Guiyang	/fu²¹/
	Kunming	/xu³¹/
	Nanjing	/xuʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/xuəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xuəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/xuʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/xuəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/hoʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/huəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/hoʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ɕy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/xuʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/xu⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/fu²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɸu²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/fɨʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/fut̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fɐt̚⁵/
	Nanning	/fɐt̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/fut̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hut̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/huɔʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xo²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/huk̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hut̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: xwot

Rime
Character	忽
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	沒 (56)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	呼骨切
Baxter	xwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huət̚/
Pan Wuyun	/huot̚/
Shao Rongfen	/xuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwət̚/
Li Rong	/xuət̚/
Wang Li	/xuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fat¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤut/

(Zhengzhang): /*hmɯːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hū
Middle Chinese	‹ xwot ›
Old Chinese	/*m̥ˁut/
English	careless; confused
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忽
Reading #	1/1
No.	13211
Phonetic component	勿
Rime group	物
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	忽
Old Chinese	/*hmɯːd/

Definitions

忽

Compounds

References

“忽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		忽
alternative forms		窟

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): fat¹

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fat¹
  - Yale: fāt
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fat⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: fed¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐt̚⁵/

Definitions

忽 (Cantonese)

place
part

Compounds

Goguryeo

Etymology

Possibly related to Middle Korean 골〯 (kwǒl) and Middle Korean ᄀᆞ옳 (kòwòlh).^[1] A possible Wanderwort; see Proto-Uralic *kota for more.^[2]

Noun

忽 (*kuru or *kolo) (Records of the Three Kingdoms 溝漊).^[1]^[2]

castle, fortress

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Lim, Byung-joon (1999) (A) Study on the borrowed writings of the dialect of Koguryo Dynasty in Ancient Korean (MA), Konkuk University
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Vovin, Alexander (2013) “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics‎^[1], volume 15, number 2 (PDF), John Benjamins Publishing Company, →DOI, pages 222-240

Japanese

Kanji

忽

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

On (unclassified): こつ (kotsu)
Kun: ゆるがせ (yurugase, 忽せ); たちまち (tachimachi, 忽ち)

Korean

Hanja

忽 • (hol) (hangeul 홀)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

忽: Hán Nôm readings: hốt

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[L99-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Lim, Byung-joon (1999) (A) Study on the borrowed writings of the dialect of Koguryo Dynasty in Ancient Korean (MA), Konkuk University

[FKTT-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Vovin, Alexander (2013) “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics‎^[1], volume 15, number 2 (PDF), John Benjamins Publishing Company, →DOI, pages 222-240

[1]

[2]