-η
Ancient GreekEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From earlier -ᾱ (-ā), from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂.
SuffixEdit
-η • (-ē) f (genitive -ης); first declension (Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine)
- Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.
- Added to o-grade of the verbal stem
- Added to zero-grade of the verbal stem
- φεύγω (pheúgō, “to flee”) + -η (-ē) → φυγή (phugḗ, “flight”)
- τυγχάνω (τυχ-) (tunkhánō (tukh-), “to happen”) + -η (-ē) → τύχη (túkhē, “fortune”)
- Added to e-grade of the verbal stem
Usage notesEdit
In Attic, the suffix retains the form -ᾱ (-ā) after ε (e), ι (i) or ρ (r).
The o-grade and zero-grade derivations have the accent on the suffix.
DeclensionEdit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -η -ē |
-ᾱ -ā |
-αι -ai | ||||||||||
Genitive | -ης -ēs |
-αιν -ain |
-ῶν -ôn | ||||||||||
Dative | -ῃ -ēi |
-αιν -ain |
-αις -ais | ||||||||||
Accusative | -ην -ēn |
-ᾱ -ā |
-ᾱς -ās | ||||||||||
Vocative | -η -ē |
-ᾱ -ā |
-αι -ai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -ή -ḗ |
-ᾱ́ -ā́ |
-αί -aí | ||||||||||
Genitive | -ῆς -ês |
-αῖν -aîn |
-ῶν -ôn | ||||||||||
Dative | -ῇ -êi |
-αῖν -aîn |
-αῖς -aîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | -ήν -ḗn |
-ᾱ́ -ā́ |
-ᾱ́ς -ā́s | ||||||||||
Vocative | -ή -ḗ |
-ᾱ́ -ā́ |
-αί -aí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Alternative formsEdit
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920), “Part III: Formation of Words”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 859.2