-ի

See also: ի, Ի, ի-, -ի-, and Appendix:Variations of "i"

Armenian

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [-i]
• (Western Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [-i]

Etymology 1

From Old Armenian -ի (-i).

Suffix

-ի • (-i)

1. -able

   հասկանալ ― haskanal ― to understand

   հասկանալի ― haskanali ― understandable

   բուժել ― bužel ― to cure

   բուժելի ― buželi ― curable

   ուղղել ― uġġel ― to correct

   ուղղելի ― uġġeli ― corrigible

2. forming botanical names

   ծիրանի ― cirani ― apricot tree

3. forming names of tools and utensils

   խնոցի ― xnocʻi ― butter churn

Derived terms

Armenian terms suffixed with -ի

Further reading

• Galstyan, Galstyan (1978) Acancʻumə ew acancʻnerə žamanakakicʻ hayerenum [Affixation and affixes in modern Armenian]‎^[1] (in Armenian), Yerevan: University Press, page 132

Etymology 2

From Old Armenian -ի (-i).

Suffix

-ի • (-i)

1. the singular and plural dative case ending of i-declension nouns

   Հայաստանի ― Hayastani ― dative singular case of Հայաստան (Hayastan)

   քաղաքի ― kʻaġakʻi ― dative singular case of քաղաք (kʻaġakʻ)

   քաղաքների ― kʻaġakʻneri ― dative plural case of քաղաք (kʻaġakʻ)

See also

• -ու (-u)

Middle Armenian

Etymology

From Old Armenian -ի (-i).

Suffix

-ի • (-i)

1. forming botanical names

Derived terms

Middle Armenian terms suffixed with -ի

Old Armenian

Etymology 1

From the Proto-Indo-European *-yo- or *-yeh₂ suffix. Compare the same suffix in Sanskrit स्वप्न्य (svápnya), Ancient Greek δεξιός (dexiós), Latin somnium. The genitive ending -ի (-i) may have the same origin.

Suffix

-ի • (-i)

1. forming adjectives

   աղ ― ał ― salt

   աղի ― ałi ― salty

   բարք ― barkʻ ― disposition, temper

   բարի ― bari ― kind, good

   սոսկալ ― soskal ― to be greatly afraid

   սոսկալի ― soskali ― horrible, terrible

3. forming botanical names

   կաղին ― kałin ― acorn

   կաղնի ― kałni ― oak

4. made of

   կտաւ ― ktaw ― flax

   կտաւի ― ktawi ― linen

5. forming adverbs

Declension

o-a-type

	singular		plural
nominative	-ի (-i)		-իք (-ikʻ)
genitive	-ւոյ (-woy)		-եաց (-eacʻ)
dative	-ւոյ (-woy)		-եաց (-eacʻ)
accusative	-ի (-i)		-իս (-is)
ablative	-ւոյ (-woy)		-եաց (-eacʻ)
instrumental	-եաւ (-eaw)		-եաւք = -եօք (-eawkʻ = -eōkʻ)
locative	-ի (-i)		-իս (-is)

Derived terms

Old Armenian terms suffixed with -ի

Old Armenian terms suffixed with -ի (botanical)

Descendants

• Armenian: -ի (-i)
• Middle Armenian: -ի (-i)

References

• Gočanean, Pōġos (2011) Dasakan grabari gorcnakan kʻerakanutʻiwn [Practical Grammar of Classical Old Armenian]‎^[2] (in Armenian), Vienna and Yerevan: Mekhitarist Press, page 84
• Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 66
• J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1998) “-ի”, in Hin hayereni verǰacancʻneri cagumə [The Origin of Old Armenian Suffixes] (Hayocʻ lezvi hamematakan kʻerakanutʻyan harcʻer; 2) (in Armenian), Yerevan: Anania Širakacʻi, pages 5–48

Etymology 2

The genitive/dative/locative marker for i-declension is identical with the -ի- (-i-) stem vowel. In Godel's words, the remaining stem, standing in contrast to the nominative/accusative singular (which lost its stem), was apt to function as a full-fledged case form. According to Godel, in the case of the i-a-declension we are dealing with a Proto-Armenian morphological innovation: the new morpheme was abstracted from the genitive/dative/locative case ending -ի (-i) of i-stem nouns and applied to a-stem nouns, whose original endings had been lost.

Suffix

-ի • (-i)

2. singular genitive/dative/locative marker for i-declension words

   բանի ― bani ― genitive/dative/locative singular of բան (ban)

3. singular genitive/dative/locative marker for i-a-declension words

   լեզուի ― lezui ― genitive/dative/locative singular of լեզու (lezu)

   աշակերտի ― ašakerti ― genitive/dative/locative singular of աշակերտ (ašakert)

Descendants

• Armenian: -ի (-i)

References

• Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 104