-tar
See also: Appendix:Variations of "tar"
Albanian edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix edit
-tar m (indefinite plural -tarë, definite singular -tari, feminine equivalent -tare)
- forms agent nouns. -er
- forms relational adjectives. -al
Derived terms edit
Basque edit
Alternative forms edit
Suffix edit
-tar
- Used to create adjectives and nouns that denote demonyms.
Derived terms edit
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
Clipped from the ending of tütar. Cognate to Finnish -tar.
Suffix edit
-tar (genitive -tari, partitive -tari)
- Forms feminine agent or occupational nouns
Declension edit
Declension of -tar (ÕS type 19/seminar, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -tar | -tarid | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | -tari | ||
genitive | -taride | ||
partitive | -tari | -tare -tarisid | |
illative | -tari -tarisse |
-taridesse -taresse | |
inessive | -taris | -tarides -tares | |
elative | -tarist | -taridest -tarest | |
allative | -tarile | -taridele -tarele | |
adessive | -taril | -taridel -tarel | |
ablative | -tarilt | -taridelt -tarelt | |
translative | -tariks | -tarideks -tareks | |
terminative | -tarini | -tarideni | |
essive | -tarina | -taridena | |
abessive | -tarita | -tarideta | |
comitative | -tariga | -taridega |
Synonyms edit
- -nna (in some cases)
Derived terms edit
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Clipped from tytär (“daughter”) and then adapted to vowel harmony.[1][2]
Suffix edit
-tar (front vowel harmony variant -tär, linguistic notation -tAr)
- Forms the female counterpart of nouns indicating a person.
- kuningas (“king”) + -tar → kuningatar (“queen”)
- näyttelijä (“actor”) + -tar → näyttelijätär (“actress”)
- Saksa (“Germany”) + -tar → saksatar (“a German female”)
Usage notes edit
- This is a nominal suffix, i.e. attached to nouns.
- The suffix is appended to the weak stem.
- With words ending in -lainen, -tar is appended to the stem not including -lainen.
- Nowadays it's uncommon and old fashioned to use the female forms of professions.
- Historically surnames ending in -nen had female forms, e.g. if a man had Leinonen as his surname, his wife would have been Leinotar instead.[2]
Declension edit
Inflection of -tar (Kotus type 32*C/sisar, tt-t gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | -tar | -ttaret | ||
genitive | -ttaren | -ttarien -tarten | ||
partitive | -tarta | -ttaria | ||
illative | -ttareen | -ttariin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | -tar | -ttaret | ||
accusative | nom. | -tar | -ttaret | |
gen. | -ttaren | |||
genitive | -ttaren | -ttarien -tarten | ||
partitive | -tarta | -ttaria | ||
inessive | -ttaressa | -ttarissa | ||
elative | -ttaresta | -ttarista | ||
illative | -ttareen | -ttariin | ||
adessive | -ttarella | -ttarilla | ||
ablative | -ttarelta | -ttarilta | ||
allative | -ttarelle | -ttarille | ||
essive | -ttarena | -ttarina | ||
translative | -ttareksi | -ttariksi | ||
abessive | -ttaretta | -ttaritta | ||
instructive | — | -ttarin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of -tar (Kotus type 32*C/sisar, tt-t gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
- -tär (front vowel variant)
References edit
- ^ Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Auli Hakulinen with Maria Vilkuna, Riitta Korhonen, Vesa Koivisto, Tarja Riitta Heinonen, and Irja Alho (2004) “§ 192 tAr-sanojen muoto ja merkitys”, in Iso suomen kielioppi[1], Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, →ISBN
Greenlandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-tar (v-v?, additive?, VTV → VsV?)
- Signifies habitual behaviour.
- atuarpoq (“attends school (once)”) -> atuartarpoq (“attends school (is a student)”)
- 1992, “Usuni kipigaa”, in Atuagagdliutit:
Usage notes edit
Was formerly sometimes truncative.
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 124, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014
- -tar in Katersat
- Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 75, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014
Irish edit
Alternative forms edit
- -tear (slender form)
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-tar
- Autonomous ending of first conjugation verbs in the present tense, present subjunctive mood, and conditional mood