Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/habjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-GermanicEdit

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑβ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1Edit

From an innovated post-Indo-European stative present *kh₂ph₁yé-, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to seize”).

VerbEdit

*habjaną

to have, to hold

InflectionEdit

Conjugation of *habjaną (weak class 3 j-present)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*habjō	*habjaų	—	—	—
2nd singular	*habaisi	*habjais	*habai	—	—
3rd singular	*habaiþi	*habjai	*habjaþau	—	—
1st dual	*habjōs	*habjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*habjaþiz	*habjaiþiz	*habjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*habjamaz	*habjaim	—	—	—
2nd plural	*habaiþ	*habjaiþ	*habaiþ	—	—
3rd plural	*habjanþi	*habjain	*habjanþau	—	—

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*habdǭ	*habdēdį̄
2nd singular	*habdēz	*habdēdīz
3rd singular	*habdē	*habdēdī
1st dual	*habdēdū	*habdēdīw
2nd dual	*habdēdudiz	*habdēdīdiz
1st plural	*habdēdum	*habdēdīm
2nd plural	*habdēdud	*habdēdīd
3rd plural	*habdēdun	*habdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*habjandz	*habdaz

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

West Germanic: *habbjan
- Old English: habban, hafian
  - Middle English: haven, have, haav, haf, hafe, haben, habben, heven, hawe
    - English: have (-'ve, -a)
    - Scots: hae, ha, hiv, have, hawe (-a)
- Old Frisian: hebba, habba
  - North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum, Sylt: haa
    Hallig, Mooring: heewe
    Helgoland: hoa
  - Saterland Frisian: hääbe
  - West Frisian: hawwe
- Old Saxon: hebbian, heffian
  - Middle Low German: hebben
    - Low German:
      - German Low German: hebben, hewwen
        Westphalian:
        Münsterländisch: häbben, hävven
        Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: häwwen, häbben
        Sauerländisch: hewwen, häbben, hänn, hann
        Westmünsterländisch: häbben
    - Plautdietsch: haben
- Old Dutch: hebben
  - Middle Dutch: hebben
    - Dutch: hebben
      - Afrikaans: hê
    - Limburgish: höbbe
- Old High German: habēn
  - Middle High German: haben, hān
    - Alemannic German: haa, ha, heen, hoh, hä, häbä, hè
      Swabian: hau
    - Bavarian: hoom, hobm, hobn, hom, ho, hob
      Cimbrian: haban, hen, håm
      Mòcheno: hom
      Northern Bavarian: [hɔm]
    - Central Franconian: hann
      Hunsrik: hon
      Kölsch: han
      Luxembourgish: hunn
    - East Central German:
      Erzgebirgisch: hamm
      Upper Saxon: ham, hom
      Vilamovian: hon
    - East Franconian: [Term?]
    - German: haben
      Berlinerisch: ham
      Ruhrpott: habn
    - Rhine Franconian:
      Frankfurterisch: [havə]; [hɑvə], [hɔvə] (older)
      Palatine German: hann, hawwe, hunn
      Pennsylvania German: hawwe
      Upper Hessian: hu, hunn
    - Yiddish: האָבן‎ (hobn)
Old Norse: hafa
- Icelandic: hafa
- Faroese: hava
- Norwegian:
  Bokmål: have, ha
  Nynorsk: hava, have, ha
- Old Swedish: hava
  - Swedish: ha, hava
- Old Danish: hafa, hauæ
  - Danish: have
- Elfdalian: åvå
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (haban)

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pyéti, from the root *keh₂p- (“to seize”).