Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/habjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑβ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From an innovated post-Indo-European stative present *kh₂ph₁yé-, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to seize”).

Verb

*habjaną

to have, to hold

Inflection

Conjugation of *habjaną (weak class 3 j-present)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*habjō	*habjaų	—	—	—
2nd singular	*habaisi	*habjais	*habai	—	—
3rd singular	*habaiþi	*habjai	*habjaþau	—	—
1st dual	*habjōs	*habjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*habjaþiz	*habjaiþiz	*habjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*habjamaz	*habjaim	—	—	—
2nd plural	*habaiþ	*habjaiþ	*habaiþ	—	—
3rd plural	*habjanþi	*habjain	*habjanþau	—	—

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*habdǭ	*habdēdį̄
2nd singular	*habdēz	*habdēdīz
3rd singular	*habdē	*habdēdī
1st dual	*habdēdū	*habdēdīw
2nd dual	*habdēdudiz	*habdēdīdiz
1st plural	*habdēdum	*habdēdīm
2nd plural	*habdēdud	*habdēdīd
3rd plural	*habdēdun	*habdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*habjandz	*habdaz

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *habbjan (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: hafa
- Icelandic: hafa
- Faroese: hava
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: have, ha
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: hava, have, ha
- Elfdalian: åvå
- Old Swedish: hava, hafwa, haffwa, haffua
  - Swedish: ha, hava, hafva (pre-1906 spelling)
- Old Danish: hafa, hauæ
  - Danish: have
- Old Gutnish: hafa
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (haban)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pyéti, from the root *keh₂p- (“to seize”).