-ne
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ne"
Chuukese edit
Suffix edit
-ne
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse -na, compare Swedish -na.
Suffix edit
-ne
- Used with some adjectives to form inchoative verbs meaning "to become [adjective]".
- From adjectives, forms causative verbs meaning "to make [adjective]".
Derived terms edit
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *-inën. Cognate with Finnish -inen.
Suffix edit
-ne (genitive -se, partitive -set or -st, comparative -sem, superlative kõige -sem)
- -al, -ic, -ous; creates adjectives from nouns indicating a relationship or property.
- -en; creates adjectives indicating the material of which something is made.
Inflection edit
Note that words with suffix -line decline differently.
Declension of -ne (ÕS type 10/soolane, no gradation)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ne | -sed |
| accusative | -se | -sed |
| genitive | -se | -ste |
| partitive | -st | -seid |
| illative | -sesse | -stesse -seisse |
| inessive | -ses | -stes -seis |
| elative | -sest | -stest -seist |
| allative | -sele | -stele -seile |
| adessive | -sel | -stel -seil |
| ablative | -selt | -stelt -seilt |
| translative | -seks | -steks -seiks |
| terminative | -seni | -steni |
| essive | -sena | -stena |
| abessive | -seta | -steta |
| comitative | -sega | -stega |
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Finnish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Finnic *-nëk. Probably related to the essive suffix *-na. Compare Erzya -нек (-ńek, “[the comitative case suffix]”).
Suffix edit
-ne
- The suffix used to form the comitative case. It denotes companionship and ownership, and is written where English would use "together with (one's possession)".
- Menin ruskeine koirineni.
- I went together with my brown dog.
- Tiibet on mielenkiintoinen maa suurine vuorineen.
- Tibet is a fascinating land, together with its great mountains.
Usage notes edit
- Relatively rare in spoken Finnish. The idea of comitative is more often expressed with other structures, particularly the postposition kanssa (“together with”).
- Grammatically comitative is always plural, even if used of a singular object.
- In nouns the suffix -ne is appended with the appropriate possessive suffix. In Wiktionary the declension tables of Finnish nouns show the comitative with the 3rd person suffix -en to form -neen.
- See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the comitative case is used.
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ne (colloquial, dialectal)
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ne
- Forms diminutives.
Alternative forms edit
Derived terms edit
Anagrams edit
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ne
- (personal suffix) Used to form the third-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).
Usage notes edit
Conditional indefinite – personal endings
| Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| én | 1st person singular | -nék | ||
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anék | -enék | ||
| te | 2nd person singular | -nál | -nél | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anál | -enél | ||
| ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | -na | -ne | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-ana | -ene | ||
| mi | 1st person plural | -nánk | -nénk | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anánk | -enénk | ||
| ti | 2nd person plural | -nátok | -nétek | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anátok | -enétek | ||
| ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nának | -nének | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anának | -enének | ||
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
- (personal suffix) Harmonic variants:
See also edit
Irish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ne
- emphatic suffix of the first-person plural; used after palatalized consonants and front vowels
Usage notes edit
Spelled with a hyphen after n, otherwise without a hyphen (but reduced to -e and spelled without a hyphen after -nn in pronouns).
- Added to nouns (or adjectives modifying a noun) in the presence of the possessive adjective to emphasize the possessor rather than the thing possessed:
- ár n-athairne ― our father
- ár gcapall donn-na ― our brown horse
- Added to pronouns (both simple and prepositional) to add emphasis (not to create a reflexive pronoun):
- againne ― at us
- sinne, muidne ― we, us
- Added to synthetic verb forms to add emphasis to the subject:
- cloisfimidne ― we will hear
- chualamarna ― we heard
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Italian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Enclitic form of ne.
Pronoun edit
-ne (enclitic)
- Alternative form of ne:
- (adverbial) from there; of there, sometimes not translated in English
- Una volta entrato nel labirinto, non riuscì più ad uscirne.
- Once he entered the labyrinth, he couldn't get out of there.
- Arrivò a Roma, solo per ripartirne l'indomani.
- She arrived at Rome, just to leave the following day.
- (literally, “She arrived at Rome, just to leave from there the tomorrow.”)
- from this; from that; from these; from those, sometimes not translated in English
- Con un po' di fortuna, potrebbe venirne un bel guadagno.
- With a little luck, it could make a good profit.
- (literally, “With a bit of luck, could come from that a nice profit.”)
- Traine la conclusione che preferisci.
- Make of that whatever you want.
- (literally, “Take from that the conclusion you prefer.”)
- about this; about that; about these; about those
- Spero vorrai parlarne con qualcuno.
- I hope you're going to talk to someone about that.
- (literally, “I hope you will want to talk about that with someone.”)
- Credo ti convenga abituarti a sentirne parlare.
- I think you'd better get used to hearing about that.
- (literally, “I believe to you ought to accustom yourself to hearing about that talk.”)
- of this; of that; of these; of those, sometimes not translated in English
- La torta era squisita. Posso averne un'altra fetta?
- The cake was delicious. May I have another slice?
- (literally, “The cake was delicious. Can I have of that another slice?”)
- È successo tre giorni fa! Come fai a non ricordartene?
- It happened three days ago! How can you not remember that?
- (literally, “It happened three days ago! How do you do to not remember of that?”)
- Vuoi un po' di mele? Eccotene una dozzina.
- Would you like some apples? Here's a dozen for you.
- (literally, “Do you want a few of apples? Here to you of them a dozen.”)
- for this; for that; for these; for those, sometimes not translated in English
- Continuo a non capirne la ragione.
- I still don't get the reason for that.
- (literally, “I keep to not understand for that the reason.”)
- Ha detto di non averne bisogno.
- She said she didn't need that.
- (literally, “She said of not have for that need.”)
- intensive particle, used in forms of verbs where it indicates a particular way of carrying out the verb's action
- andare (“to go”) + -si (enclitic reflexive pronoun) + -ne → andarsene (“to go about (in a particular way)”)
- venire (“to come”) + -si (enclitic reflexive pronoun) + -ne → venirsene (“to come about (in a particular way)”)
- uscire (“to go out; to come out”) + -si (enclitic reflexive pronoun) + -ne → uscirsene (“to say surprisingly or unexpectedly”) (familiar)
- Only used in volerne (“to hold a grudge”)
- Only used in andarne (“to be at stake”)
- (adverbial) from there; of there, sometimes not translated in English
Usage notes edit
- The enclitic is suffixed either to certain verb forms or to ecco.
- It can be suffixed to infinitive verb forms. In this case, the final -e of the verb is dropped:
- If the infinitive form ends in -arre, final -re is dropped:
- trarre + -ne → trarne
- If the infinitive form includes an enclitic personal pronoun, -ne is appended after that. In that case, the -i ending of the personal pronoun changes to -e:
- approfittarsi + -ne → approfittarsene
- farsi + -ne → farsene
- If the infinitive form ends in -arre, final -re is dropped:
- It can also be suffixed to imperative verb forms:
- If the imperative form includes an enclitic personal pronoun, -ne is appended after that. In that case, the -i ending of the personal pronoun changes to -e:
- prenditi + -ne → prenditene
- prendetevi + -ne → prendetevene
- If the imperative form includes an enclitic personal pronoun, -ne is appended after that. In that case, the -i ending of the personal pronoun changes to -e:
- If ecco has an enclitic personal pronoun suffixed (eccomi, eccoti, eccoci, eccovi), -ne is appended after that. In that case, the -i ending of the personal pronoun changes to -e:
- It can be suffixed to infinitive verb forms. In this case, the final -e of the verb is dropped:
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix edit
-ne
- (obsolete, chiefly poetry, now only, regional) an epithetic syllable appended to oxytone words in order to make them paroxytone
- early 14th century, Dante, “Canto XVIII”, in Inferno, lines 86–87:
- Quelli è Iasón, che per cuore e per senno
li Colchi del monton privati féne.- That is Jason, who, through courage and wits, deprived the Colchians of the fleece.
Further reading edit
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From ne (“not”).
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
-ne (interrogative enclitic)
- Added to the end of a word in a phrase (usually the first word) to make it a question.
- or… (introduces a question or an alternative)
Usage notes edit
- A question requiring an answer of "yes" or "no" is formed by adding -ne to the emphatic word:
- Is tibi mortemne vidētur aut dolōrem timēre?
- Does it seem to you to be death that he fears or pain?
- Hīcine vir usquam nisi in patriā moriētur?
- Shall this man die anywhere but in his native land?
- Tūne id veritus es?
- Did you fear that?
- The enclitic -ne is sometimes omitted.
- Patēre tua cōnsilia nōn sentīs?
- Do you not see that your schemes are manifest?
- When -ne is added to a negative word (such as nōnne) an affirmative answer is expected.
- Nōnne animadvertis?
- Aren't you paying attention?
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Sicilian: -ni (enclytic euphonetic particle)
See also edit
Latvian edit
Alternative forms edit
Suffix edit
-ne
- A variant of -tne; added to adjectives or verbs to form abstract nouns.
Derived terms edit
Maquiritari edit
Alternative forms edit
- (allomorph after i) -ñe
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Suffix edit
-ne
- Forms the singular of the distant past perfective tense when at least one of the arguments of the verb is not third-person.
- (in conjunction with other suffixes) Marks the distant past tense in general when at least one of the arguments of the verb is not third-person.
Usage notes edit
This suffix can cause syllable reduction.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Suffix edit
-ne
- Intensifier used especially in contexts of indignation or exasperation.
Usage notes edit
This suffix causes any vowel it attaches to to lengthen.
References edit
Old Irish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *-inyos.[1][2] Cognate with Proto-Brythonic *-ɨnn, *-enn.
Suffix edit
-ne
- Forms singulatives of certain plural nouns.
- Forms abstract derivatives of certain nouns.
Usage notes edit
This suffix appears to only have been weakly productive. There are several instances of singulatives suffixed with -ne that are additionally prefixed with óen (“one”), which suggests that -ne was sometimes considered insufficient to denote singulativity by itself.[1] Beyond Old and Middle Irish the suffix is only found in fossilized forms.
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Irslinger, Britta (2010), “Les dérivés gallois, cornique -yn/-en, breton -enn et irlandais -ne: fonction et sémantique”, in La Bretagne Linguistique[1], page 57-58
- ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 260
Scottish Gaelic edit
Suffix edit
-ne
- -selves (emphatic)
Usage notes edit
- Added to nouns in the presence of the possessive adjective to emphasize the possessor rather than the thing possessed (NB: Ignores broad/slender rule):
- Added to prepositional pronouns to add emphasis (not to create a reflexive pronoun):
- Used with first-person plural (e.g. againne).
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Swedish edit
Suffix edit
-ne
- (archaic) Marker of definiteness on masculine nouns in the plural
Usage notes edit
- The difference between -ne and -na is that the former was used for masculine nouns, while the latter was used for feminine, a category lost in modern Swedish, which has merged the two genders into the so-called common gender. Thus, the definite of stenar would be "stenarne", while the definite of kvinna would be "kvinnorna", the same as the modern form.
Anagrams edit
Taos edit
Suffix edit
-ne
- Duoplural number inflection. On nouns in gender III.6, it indicates either collective number or singular noncount (mass) and has corresponding singular agreement marking on verb-forms. (See also: -na, -ną, -nemą.)