Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ser-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ser-

2. to flow

Extensions

• *sr-ew-

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (flow) (4 c, 0 e)

• *ser-o-
  • Proto-Italic: *serom (“serum, whey”)
    • Latin: serum (see there for further descendants)
  • →? Proto-Finnic: *hëra (“whey”) (see there for further descendants)
• *sor-o-
  • Proto-Hellenic: *horós (“serum, whey”)
    • Ancient Greek: ὀρός (orós) (see there for further descendants)
• *sor-méh₂
  • Proto-Hellenic: *hοrmā́
    • Ancient Greek: ὁρμή (hormḗ) (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: सरित् (sarít, “river, stream”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: सिरा (sirā́, “stream, channel; vessel in the body”) (see there for further descendants)

Root

*ser-

2. to guard

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (guard) (8 c, 0 e)

• *ser-wo-s
  • Proto-Italic: *serwos (or perhaps from the sense “to bind” below)
    • Old Latin: servos
      • Latin: servus (see there for further descendants)
• *ser-w-eh₂-ye-ti
  • >? Proto-Hellenic: *hrūomai, *hehrūomai
    • Ancient Greek: ῥύομαι (rhúomai), εἰρύομαι (eirúomai) — Epic
  • Proto-Italic: *serwāō
    • Latin: servō (see there for further descendants)

Root

*ser-

2. to bind, to tie together
3. thread

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (bind) (11 c, 0 e)

• *sér-e-ti (thematic root present)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sertéi
    • Latvian: sẽrt
  • Proto-Italic: *serō
    • Latin: serō (see there for further descendants)
• *sér-ye-ti (ye-present)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *héřřō
    • Ancient Greek: εἴρω (eírō)
• *sér-mn̥ ~ *sér-mō
  • Proto-Hellenic: *hérmə
    • Ancient Greek: ἕρμα (hérma)
  • Proto-Italic: *sermō
    • Latin: sermō (see there for further descendants)
• *sér-ti-s
  • Proto-Italic: *sortis
    • Latin: sors (see there for further descendants)
• *sór-mo-s
  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: որմ (orm), որմն (ormn)
      • Armenian: որմ (orm), առորմի (aṙormi)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *hórmos
    • Ancient Greek: ὅρμος (hórmos)
• *ser-wo-s
  • >? Proto-Italic: *serwos (or from the sense “to guard” above)
    • Latin: servus (see there for further descendants)
• *sor-wo-m
  • Proto-Germanic: *sarwą (“equipment, armour”) (possibly)(or from the sense “to guard” above) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gasarwiją
      • Old High German: gisarawi
        • Middle High German: geserwe
      • Old Norse: sørvi
• Unsorted formations:
  • Proto-Albanian: *surmā
    • Albanian: gjurmë
  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: յեռում (yeṙum), յեռեմ (yeṙem) — post-Classical (< յ- (y-) + *ser-s-)
      • → Armenian: հեռել (heṙel) (learned)
    • (?) Old Armenian: *հուռ- (*huṙ-) (< *sōr-s-)
      • Armenian: հուռ (huṙ)
    • (?) Old Armenian: յիրեմ (yirem) (յ- (y-) + *sēr-)
      • → Armenian: հիրել (hirel) (learned)
  • Proto-Germanic: *sarkiz (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: सरत् (sarat)
      • Sanskrit: सिरा (sirā)
  • Proto-Italic:
    • Latin: seriēs (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tocharian:
    • Tocharian A: sar-

Root

*ser-

2. to take, to grasp, seize
3. to steal, plunder; booty

   Synonym: *klep-

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (take) (7 c, 0 e)

• *sr̥-yé-ti (ye-present)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *həřřō, ⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *həřřéyō
    • Ancient Greek: αἱρέω (hairéō)
• *ser-(e-)ti (root present)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sertéi
    • Latvian: sirt (“to loot”)
• *sór-u-
  • Proto-Anatolian: *sōru-
    • Hittite: 𒊭𒀀𒊒 (sāru, “booty, plunder”)
• *ser-weh₂-
  • Proto-Celtic: *serwā (“theft, plundering”) (see there for further descendants)

See also

• *selh₁-