servus
Bavarian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
An ellipsis from the commoners’ greeting once said to feudal lords, "servus humillimus (Domine spectabilis)", in Latin meaning "(I am a) most humble servant, (O) noble lord".
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
servus
Derived terms edit
Czech edit
Alternative forms edit
- serbus (rare)
Etymology edit
The greeting evolved by the commoners greeting their lords with the words servus humillimus, Domine spectabilis, meaning your humble servant, my noble lord. No subservience is implied in its modern use.
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
servus
- (colloquial) hi, hiya
- Synonym: ahoj
- (colloquial) cheerio, bye, so long, ta-ta
- Synonym: ahoj
Further reading edit
Esperanto edit
Verb edit
servus
- conditional of servi
German edit
Etymology edit
An ellipsis from the commoners’ greeting once said to feudal lords, "servus humillimus (Domine spectabilis)", in Latin meaning "(I am a) most humble servant, (O) noble lord".
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
servus
- (chiefly Southern German, Austria, informal) hello, hi
- (chiefly Southern German, Austria, informal) goodbye, bye, farewell
- (as a toast) cheers
Usage notes edit
- No subservience is implied in modern use, and the origin of the term is not commonly known. Educated usage may be sincere, jocular or ironic.
- This salutation is used in Southern Germany and throughout the former Austria-Hungary (see cognates on this page), in varying frequency throughout those areas.
- Despite the formal origins of the term, its usage is now chiefly, but not exclusively informal; the degree of decorum is dependent on context of region, dialect, class, or even village.
Synonyms edit
Further reading edit
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
- servos (archaic)
Etymology edit
From Old Latin servos, from Proto-Italic *serwos (“guardian”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo-s (“guardian”), possibly from *ser- (“watch over, protect”). Cognate with servō, Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (haraiti, “he heeds, protects”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈser.u̯us/, [ˈs̠ɛru̯ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈser.vus/, [ˈsɛrvus]
- Hyphenation: ser‧vus
Noun edit
servus m (genitive servī, feminine serva); second declension
- a servant
- a serf
- a slave
- Captivi ("the captives") by Plautus (English and Latin text)
- Quem patrem, qui servos est?
- Father! What do you mean, when he’s a slave?
- Quem patrem, qui servos est?
- Captivi ("the captives") by Plautus (English and Latin text)
Usage notes edit
- Until the Augustan period, servos was more common.
Declension edit
Second-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | servus | servī |
Genitive | servī | servōrum |
Dative | servō | servīs |
Accusative | servum | servōs |
Ablative | servō | servīs |
Vocative | serve | servī |
Derived terms edit
- servīlis
- serviō
- servitūdō
- servitūs
- servulus
- servus Deī (Ecclesiastical)
- servus servōrum Deī (Ecclesiastical)
Descendants edit
See also edit
References edit
- “servus²”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- servus² in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette: “1,432/2”
- “seruus¹” on page 1,748/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
- Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976), “servus”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 967/2
Adjective edit
servus (feminine serva, neuter servum); first/second-declension adjective
- slavish, servile (to the senses or to authority)
- (of lands, buildings) subject or liable to servitude
Declension edit
First/second-declension adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | servus | serva | servum | servī | servae | serva | |
Genitive | servī | servae | servī | servōrum | servārum | servōrum | |
Dative | servō | servō | servīs | ||||
Accusative | servum | servam | servum | servōs | servās | serva | |
Ablative | servō | servā | servō | servīs | |||
Vocative | serve | serva | servum | servī | servae | serva |
References edit
- “servus¹”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- servus¹ in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette: “1,432/2”
- “seruus²” on page 1,748 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
References edit
- “servus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “servus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- servus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to act the rôle of a slave, pander: agere servum, lenonem
- a good, useful slave: frugi (opp. nequam) servus
- a degraded, servile condition: infima fortuna or condicio servorum
- (ambiguous) to examine slaves by torture: de servis quaerere (in dominum)
- to act the rôle of a slave, pander: agere servum, lenonem
- “servus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “servus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Anagrams edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from German servus. Greeting found throughout the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
servus (informal, Transylvania, Maramureș, Bukovina)
Serbo-Croatian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From German servus, ultimately from Latin servus.
Interjection edit
sèrvus (Cyrillic spelling сѐрвус)
Synonyms edit
Slovak edit
Etymology edit
The greeting evolved by the commoners greeting their lords with the words servus humillimus, Domine spectabilis, meaning your humble servant, my noble lord. No subservience is implied in its modern use.
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
servus
Further reading edit
- “servus”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024