Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/s-tjaŋ

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *stɨng (Coblin, 1986)
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *diŋ (“top; summit”), *s-tyaŋ (“upper part; rise; raise”) (Matisoff, STEDT)

Related to *l‑t(j)ak (“top; above; climb”) (STEDT).

Root

*s-tjaŋ

1. upper part; rise; raise; top; summit

Descendants

• Old Chinese: 上 (OC *djaŋʔ, *djaŋs), 頂 (OC *teːŋʔ), 顛 (OC *tiːn), 巔 (OC *tiːn), 登 (OC *tɯːŋ), 等 (OC *tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ), 承 (OC *ɡljɯŋ), 丞 (OC *ɡljɯŋ, *ɡljɯŋs), 拯 (OC *kljɯŋʔ), 烝 (OC *kljɯŋ, *kljɯŋs), 稱 (OC *tʰjɯŋ, *tʰjɯŋs)
  • Middle Chinese: 上 (MC dzyangX|dzyangH), 頂 (MC tengX), 顛 (MC ten), 巔 (MC ten), 登 (MC tong), 等 (MC tojX|tongX), 承 (MC dzying), 丞 (MC dzying|dzyingH), 拯 (MC tsyingX), 烝 (MC tsying|tsyingH), 稱 (MC tsyhing|tsyhingH)
    • Modern Mandarin
      • Beijing: 上 (shàng), 頂／顶 (dǐng), 顛／颠 (diān), 巔／巅 (diān), 登 (dēng), 等 (děng), 承 (chéng), 丞 (chéng), 拯 (zhěng), 烝 (zhēng), 稱／称 (chēng)
• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Bodic
      • Tibetan
        • Written Tibetan: སྟེང (steng, “upper part”)
          • Dzongkha: སྟེང (steng, “up; on; above; over”)
• Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
  • Lolo-Burmese
    • Burmish
      • Burmese: တင် (tang, “to put or place above, to elevate, to raise”)
• Proto-Karen: *thaŋᴮ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
  • Pa'o Karen: ထင်း (“to climb”)
  • S'gaw Karen: ထီၣ် (hṭaẁ, “to ascend; to go up”)