Wiktionary:About Persian
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This is a Wiktionary policy, guideline or common practices page. This is a draft proposal. It is unofficial, and it is unknown whether it is widely accepted by Wiktionary editors. |
Policies – Entries: CFI - EL - NORM - NPOV - QUOTE - REDIR - DELETE. Languages: LT - AXX. Others: BLOCK - BOTS - VOTES. |
Entry format
editPersian-English
editTo create an entry for a Persian word type a word in the search box and click 'search'. (example: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%81&go=Go)
Next click on 'create an entry with that title'. If a word is shown in red it is also possible to click on that link to create the entry: شریف.
Format an entry following this example of a simple entry for a Persian word:
➊ ==Persian== ➋ ===Noun=== ➌ {{fa-noun|سیب|tr=sib}} ➍ # [[apple]]
➊ Language header
The heading for each Persian entry. This is necessary as the same page may contain entries for words common between Arabic, Urdu, Pashto and so on.
➋ Part of Speech
Also, ===Verb===
, ===Proper noun===
, ===Adjective===
, ===Adverb===
, ===Verb===
etc.
➌ Inflection line
Here the entry word is repeated, wrapped in {{fa-Arab}}
and transliteration is given in parenthesis.
➍ Definition
Wherever possible, the word is translated into English here ('apple'), rather than defined ('a round red or green shiny fruit which has a tart taste').
Adding more detail
editA more complex entry for a Persian word:
==Persian== ===Etymology=== From {{bor|fa|tr|otağ}}. ===Alternative forms=== * {{alter|fa|اطاق|اوطاق}} ===Pronunciation=== * {{audio|Fa-اتاق.ogg|audio}} ====Noun==== {{fa-noun|اتاق|tr=otâq}} # [[room]] =====Related terms===== * {{l|fa|هماتاقی|tr=ham-otâqi}}
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
adds a link to the corresponding Persian Wikipedia article. This is placed normally directly after the language header.
Etymology
editA basic example to show قهوه (qahve) as from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa):
===Etymology=== From {{bor|fa|ar|قَهْوَة}}.
This is the template used for words you know to be the source of the term you write the etymology for.
Sometimes it is appropriate to use {{lbor}}
for borrowings scientists have made.
In cause of inheritance from Middle Persian up to Indo-European, use {{inh}}
. For indirect loan sources use {{der}}
. You might also consider {{calque}}
and {{semantic loan}}
.
Related terms
editInclude terms related to the entry word. 'Related terms' is pluralised even if only one word is listed.
Derived terms
editInclude terms derived from the entry word. 'Derived terms' is pluralised even if only one word is listed.
Words descended from Persian
editSuch words may be placed under a heading 'Descendants'. 'Descendants' is pluralised even if only one word is listed. For example:
==Persian== {{wikipedia|lang=fa}} ===Noun=== {{fa-noun|tr=panir}} # [[cheese]] ====Descendants==== * {{desc|en|paneer}} * {{desc|hi|पनीर|tr=panīr}} * {{desc|tr|peynir}} * {{desc|tk|peýnir}} * {{desc|ur|پنیر|tr=panīr}} {{topic|fa|Cheeses}}
Adding words into thematic categories
editEntries may be placed in thematic categories such as Category:fa:Animals or Category:fa:Food and drink to group them with other semantically related words. For example, پنیر in the above example has been placed in Category:fa:Cheeses.
English-Persian
editTo add a translation into Persian for an English word use the following format:
* Persian: {{t|fa|مادر|alt=مادَر|tr=mâdar}}
Note that translations are given only between English and Persian and vice-versa, so the translation مادر would not be added to, for example, French mère.
Translation sections of English words are broken down into sections reflecting different meanings of a particular word. If a Persian word is in a 'translations to be checked' section then it requires a native speaker to check to which definition the word corresponds. For example, سگ may be given as a translation for dog, but there are eight other meanings of English 'dog' to translate.
Retroflex forms
editSome regional dialects in Afghanistan have retroflex consonants as distinct phonemes. These shouldn't appear in the main entry but may appear in redirecting entries. Further information can be seen at WT:HAZ#About retroflex forms.
Transliteration
editDiffering systems of transliteration for Persian words exist and there is no official system. See the discussion page for this draft policy to discuss which system or systems could be standardised in Persian.
Wiktionary:Persian transliteration provisionally establishes the standard of transliteration to be used. When approved by a vote, it will be the standard across all Persian entries.
Ezafe
editRepresented as -e and -ye after a vowel. For example:
- جمهوری اسلامی ایران (jomhuri-ye eslâmi-ye irân)
- سازمان ملل متحد (sâzmân-e melal-e mottahed)
Romanised Persian
editEntries in romanised Persian are not added. Content from such entries should be moved to the entry in the Perso-Arabic script.
Zero-width non-joiner
editThe zero-width non-joiner (ZWNJ) is a kind of invisible space essential to the appearance of the Persian computerised typesetting. It is used only where it has a visual effect: between a left-joining letter and a right-joining letter. If it is used in other situations, for instance at the beginning or end of a word, or after a letter that is not left-joining (such as ا, د, ر, و), it should be removed.
without ZWNJ | میخواهم | برگها | لاکپشت |
---|---|---|---|
with space | می خواهم | برگ ها | لاک پشت |
with ZWNJ | میخواهم | برگها | لاکپشت |
transliteration | mi-xâham | barg-hâ | lâkposht |
Spelling using a zero-width non-joiner is preferred. Spellings without a zero-width non-joiner may re-direct to the standard Wiktionary form. If a spelling has been considered correct in the past, it may have an entry as an 'alternative spelling'.
Arabic-specific letters in Persian entries
editAll variations of all letters in the Arabic script are mapped to Unicode values. This means that some letters which have an identical appearance in some positions in words, have different Unicode values. In Persian text, ی is used instead of ي or ى, and ک is used instead of ك.
In some cases, such as that of the Persian word کلاه, the difference is only visible by checking whether the word has been written with Persian letter ک or the Arabic letter ك (k).
When a word exists in Persian and another language in the Arabic script then the template {{also}}
is used as the first line of the entry, and links are added to the other entries. For example کلمه links to both Arabic (كلمة) and Urdu (کلمہ) entries:
{{also|کلمہ|كلمة}} ==Persian== ===Etymology=== From {{bor|fa|ar|كَلِمَة}}. ===Noun=== {{fa-noun|tr=kalame}} # [[word]]
When there is no entry in another language, there may be a redirect to the preferred spelling.
Related lects
editIn the English Wiktionary, Tajik Persian is treated as a separate language. Nevertheless it is possible to show the link between words in a 'See also' section.
{{also|مركز}} ==Persian== ===Etymology=== From {{bor|fa|ar|مَرْكَز}}. ===Noun=== {{fa-noun|tr=markaz}} # [[centre]] # [[heart]] # [[headquarters]] # [[capital]] ====Related terms==== * {{l|fa|مرکزی|tr=markazi}} ===See also=== * {{qualifier|Tajik}} {{l|tg|марказ}}
Judeo-Persian (jpr
), Bukhari (bhh
), Judeo-Tat (jdt
), and Tat (ttt
) are also treated as separate languages. Western Persian (pes
), Eastern Persian / Dari (prs
) and Aimaq (aiq
) are subsumed into fa
. Hazaragi (haz
) is also subsumed into fa
, however it has a few special considerations which can be seen at Wiktionary:About Persian/Hazaragi. "Parsi" (prp
) and "Parsi-Dari" (prd
) are spurious and are excluded.
Indexing
edit- Search en.wiktionary.org for articles beginning with:ت
This has the disadvantage of including all entries in Wiktionary beginning with that letter in the Arabic script, thereby including entries from languages such as Urdu and Uyghur. However it has the advantage of being more up-to-date and reliable than manually edited indexes.
Quick navigation
editThe top-level category for Persian:
All Persian thematic categories:
Persian part of speech categories:
- Category:Persian adjectives
- Category:Persian conjunctions
- Category:Persian interjections
- Category:Persian nouns
- Category:Persian pronouns
- Category:Persian proper nouns
- Category:Persian verbs
Persian etymological categories:
Words derived from Persian:
Help and further discussion
editHelp from regular contributors to Persian entries:
General enquiries:
Questions and discussions about specific words:
General policy discussions and proposals, requests for permissions and major announcements:
Technical questions, requests and discussions:
Request a Persian entry or help add a requested entry:
External links
edit- http://behdad.org/editor/ Online Persian keyboard