Wiktionary

vos

See also: Appendix:Variations of "vos"

Afrikaans edit

Etymology edit

From Dutch vos, from Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /fɔs/
  • Audio(file)

Noun edit

vos (plural vosse, diminutive vossie)

  1. fox, carnivore of the tribe Vulpini

Derived terms edit

Catalan edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Latin vōs.

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

vos (enclitic, contracted us, proclitic us)

  1. you (plural, direct or indirect object)

Usage notes edit

  • -vos is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩.
    Heu de quedar-vos aquí. ― You must stay here.

Declension edit

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person. 		3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Further reading edit

Czech edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

vos f

  1. genitive plural of vosa

Danish edit

Pronoun edit

vos

  1. (dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of os.
    • 1926, Adolph Stender, Skovtrold, Lindhardt og Ringhof, →ISBN:
      Næ, la' vos bare inte skave vos! (...) men saa øver vi vos imens! Naar han ser vos gennem Vindvet, kommer han nok herud ...
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1973, Bent Rying, Alice Kennebo, København og Københavns amt:
      Han har sæl brunget desse ur te vos; ...
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1906, Maglekilde fortæller: humoristiske fortællinger:
      Jeg ka' kons mindes een eneste Gang a' han roste vos, – de' var en Da' da han ha'de trukket vos rigtig igjennem i Geveereksersis; — — der var inte en tør Trevl paa vos, saatten ha'de vi maattet hænge i en tre, fire Timmer i et Slav.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Dutch edit

 
Een vos met een prooi. — A fox with a prey.
 
Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl
 
Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl
 
Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-West Germanic *fuhs, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.

Noun edit

vos m (plural vossen, diminutive vosje n, feminine vossin)

  1. fox, carnivore of the tribe Vulpini
  2. red fox specifically, Vulpes vulpes
    Synonyms: gewone vos, rode vos
  3. fox fur
  4. a crafty, ingenious person
    Koen is een lepe vos, die laat zich niet in de luren leggen.
    Conrad is a sly fox who does not allow himself to be hoodwinked.
  5. horse with red or red-brown fur
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
  • Afrikaans: vos
  • Jersey Dutch: vośe
  • Negerhollands: vos

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb edit

vos

  1. inflection of vossen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. imperative

Fala edit

Etymology edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese vos, from Latin vōs.

Pronoun edit

vos m pl or f pl

  1. Second person plural nominative pronoun; you
  2. (Mañegu) First person plural dative and accusative pronoun; you

Usage notes edit

  • In Mañegu voshotrus and voshotras are more commonly used as subject pronouns.
  • Takes the form -vus when used as an object pronoun suffixed to an impersonal verb form.

See also edit

Fala personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular ei me, -mi mi
plural common nos musL
nusLV
nos, -nusM 		nos
masculine noshotrusM noshotrusM
feminine noshotrasM noshotrasM
second person singular tú te, -ti ti
plural common vos vusLV
vos, -vusM 		vos
masculine voshotrusM voshotrusM
feminine voshotrasM voshotrasM
third person singular masculine el le, -li uLV, oM el
feminine ela a ela
plural masculine elis usLV, osM elis
feminine elas as elas
reflexive — se, -si sí

References edit

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

French edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Old French vos, from Latin vostros (“your, plural accusative”).

Pronunciation edit

Determiner edit

vos pl

  1. plural of votre; your
    Vos parents sont très gentils.
    Your parents are very nice.

Related terms edit

Possessee
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine
Possessor Singular First person mon1 ma mes
Second person ton1 ta tes
Third person son1 sa ses
Plural First person notre nos
Second person votre2 vos2
Third person leur leurs
1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
2 Also used as the polite singular form.

Further reading edit

Galician edit

Pronoun edit

vos

  1. inflection of vós:
    1. accusative/dative
    2. reflexive

Icelandic edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse vás, which is related to vaska (“to wash”).

Noun edit

vos n (genitive singular voss, nominative plural vos)

  1. wetness, toil, fatigue (from storm, sea, frost, bad weather)

Declension edit

declension of vos
n-s singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative vos vosið vos vosin
accusative vos vosið vos vosin
dative vosi vosinu vosum vosunum
genitive voss vossins vosa vosanna

References edit

  • Mallet, P. H. (1847). Northern Antiquities, Or, an Historical Account of the Manners, Customs, Religion, and Laws, Maritime Expeditions and Discoveries, Language and Literature of the Ancient Scandinavians ... with a Translation of the Prose Edda from the Original Old Norse Text ... to which is Added, an Abstract of the Eyrbyggja Saga. United Kingdom: Bohn, p. 509

Interlingua edit

Etymology edit

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

Pronoun edit

vos

  1. you (plural)

Ladino edit

Etymology edit

From Old Spanish vosotros.

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

vos (Latin spelling)

  1. you (formal singular, nominative and accusative)
  2. accusative of vozotros
  3. accusative of vozotras

Latin edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

vōs

  1. you, ye, you all; nominative/accusative/vocative plural of tū
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.200–202:
      “Vōs et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantīs
      accēstis scopulōs, vōs et Cyclōpēa saxa
      expertī [...].”
      “You neared mad Scylla and heard the howls within her cliffs, and you experienced the rocks of the Cyclops.”
      (Note: “accestis” is a syncopated form of “accessistis.” The “vos et … vos et” repetition exemplifies anaphora.)

Usage notes edit

When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).

Declension edit

Number Singular Plural
Person First Second Reflexive third Third First Second Reflexive third Third
Case / Gender Masc./ Fem./Neut. Masc. Fem. Neut. Masc./ Fem./Neut. Masc. Fem. Neut.
Nominative egō̆ tū — is ea id nōs vōs — eī
iī 		eae ea
Genitive meī tuī suī eius nostrī
nostrum 		vestrī
vestrum 		suī eōrum eārum eōrum
Dative mihi tibi sibi eī nōbīs vōbīs sibi eīs
Accusative mē tē sē
sēsē 		eum eam id nōs vōs sē
sēsē 		eōs eās ea
Ablative mē tē sē
sēsē 		eō eā eō nōbīs vōbīs sē
sēsē 		eīs
Vocative egō tū — nōs vōs —

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

See also edit

Latin personal pronouns together with the possessive and reflexive pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Possessive
Singular First — ego meī mihi mē meus, -a, -um
Second — tū tuī tibi tē tuus, -a, -um
Reflexive third — — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Third Masculine is ēius eī eum eō ēius
Feminine ea eam eā
Neuter id id eō
Plural First — nōs nostrī, nostrum nōbīs nōs nōbīs noster, -tra,
-trum
Second — vōs vestrī, vestrum vōbīs vōs vōbīs vester, -tra,
-trum
Reflexive third — — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Third Masculine eī, iī eōrum eīs eōs eīs eōrum
Feminine eae eārum eās eārum
Neuter ea eōrum ea eōrum

References edit

  • “vos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “vos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • vos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • vos in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
    • not to be prolix: ne diutius vos demorer

Lithuanian edit

Etymology edit

See Proto-Slavic *ed(ъ)-va.

Pronunciation edit

Adverb edit

võs (not comparable)

  1. hardly, barely

Derived terms edit

Middle Dutch edit

Etymology edit

From Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-West Germanic *fuhs.

Noun edit

vos m

  1. fox, red fox

Inflection edit

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Further reading edit

  • “vos”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “vos”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Occitan edit

Etymology edit

From Old Occitan vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

vos

  1. to you (second-person plural indirect object pronoun)
  2. yourselves (second-person plural reflexive pronoun)

Old French edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

vos

  1. you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite subject pronoun)
  2. your (second-person plural or second-person singular polite possessive pronoun)
  3. yourself (second-person plural or second-person singular polite reflexive pronoun)
  4. you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite object pronoun)

Descendants edit

Old Occitan edit

Etymology edit

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

Pronoun edit

vos

  1. you (plural or polite form)

Descendants edit

Piedmontese edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Latin vōx.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

vos f (plural vos)

  1. voice

Portuguese edit

Etymology edit

From Latin vōs.

Pronunciation edit

 
 

  • Hyphenation: vos

Pronoun edit

vos

  1. objective of vós

See also edit

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number Person Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct object) 		Dative
(indirect object) 		Prepositional Prepositional
with com 		Non-declining
m f m f m and f m f m f m f
Singular First eu me mim comigo
Second tu te ti contigo você
o senhor a senhora
Third ele ela o
(lo, no) 		a
(la, na) 		lhe ele ela com ele com ela o mesmo a mesma
se si consigo
Plural First nós nos nós connosco (Portugal)
conosco (Brazil) 		a gente
Second vós vos vós convosco, com vós vocês
os senhores as senhoras
Third eles elas os
(los, nos) 		as
(las, nas) 		lhes eles elas com eles com elas os mesmos as mesmas
se si consigo
Indefinite se si consigo

Sardinian edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you”).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /bos/, /vos/ (in certain Nuorese towns)

Pronoun edit

vos (possessive vostru)

  1. you (plural), ye
    Synonyms: vois, vosateros

Slovene edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

vọ̑s m inan

  1. (obsolete) hair
  2. (obsolete) moustache

Further reading edit

  • “vos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈbos/ [ˈbos]
  • Rhymes: -os
  • Syllabification: vos

Pronoun edit

vos

  1. (archaic) an elevated form of you, either singular or plural
  2. (parts of Latin America, Chavacano-speaking areas in the Philippines) a form of you, singular
    Synonym: tú

Derived terms edit

See also edit

Spanish personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular yo me mí1
plural masculine2 nosotros nos nosotros
feminine nosotras nosotras
second person singular tuteo tú te ti1
voseo vos vos
formal3 usted le, se4 lo/la5 usted
plural familiar6 masculine2 vosotros os vosotros
feminine vosotras vosotras
formal/general3 ustedes les, se4 los/las5 ustedes
third person singular masculine2 él le, se4 lo él
feminine ella la ella
neuter ello7 lo ello
plural masculine2 ellos les, se4 los ellos
feminine ellas las ellas
reflexive — se sí1
  1. Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
  2. Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
  3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
  4. If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
  5. Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
  6. Used primarily in Spain
  7. Used only in rare circumstances

Further reading edit

Walloon edit

Etymology edit

From Old French vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Proto-Italic *wōs.

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

vos

  1. you (singular)
  2. you (plural)

Synonyms edit

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