vos
AfrikaansEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Dutch vos, from Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
vos (plural vosse, diminutive vossie)
Derived termsEdit
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
vos (enclitic, contracted us, proclitic us)
- you (plural, direct or indirect object)
Usage notesEdit
- -vos is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩.
- Heu de quedar-vos aquí. ― You must stay here.
DeclensionEdit
Further readingEdit
- “vos” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- “vos”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “vos” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
DanishEdit
PronounEdit
vos
- (dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of os.
- 1926, Adolph Stender, Skovtrold, Lindhardt og Ringhof, →ISBN:
- Næ, la' vos bare inte skave vos! (...) men saa øver vi vos imens! Naar han ser vos gennem Vindvet, kommer han nok herud ...
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 1973, Bent Rying, Alice Kennebo, København og Københavns amt
- Han har sæl brunget desse ur te vos; ...
- 1906, Maglekilde fortæller: humoristiske fortællinger
- Jeg ka' kons mindes een eneste Gang a' han roste vos, – de' var en Da' da han ha'de trukket vos rigtig igjennem i Geveereksersis; — — der var inte en tør Trevl paa vos, saatten ha'de vi maattet hænge i en tre, fire Timmer i et Slav.
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.
NounEdit
vos m (plural vossen, diminutive vosje n, feminine vossin)
- fox, carnivore of the tribe Vulpini
- red fox specifically, Vulpes vulpes
- Synonyms: gewone vos, rode vos
- fox fur
- a crafty, ingenious person
- Koen is een lepe vos, die laat zich niet in de luren leggen.
- Conrad is a sly fox who does not allow himself to be hoodwinked.
- horse with red or red-brown fur
Derived termsEdit
- brandvos
- een vos verliest wel zijn haren, maar niet zijn streken
- eilandvos
- gewone vos
- grijze vos
- grootoorvos
- kitvos
- kortoorvos
- kruisvos
- moervos
- poolvos
- rode vos
- schoolvos
- vosaap
- vosbelg
- vosbles
- vosgans
- voskleurig
- voskonijn
- vosrekel
- vosruin
- vosschaar
- vosschimmel
- vossen
- vossenbes
- vossengat
- vossengeschreeuw
- vossenhuid
- vossenjacht
- vossenkuil
- vossenstaart
- vossenval
- vossenvel
- woestijnvos
- zilvervos
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
VerbEdit
vos
FalaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Galician-Portuguese vos, from Latin vōs.
PronounEdit
vos m pl or f pl
- Second person plural nominative pronoun; you
- (Mañegu) First person plural dative and accusative pronoun; you
Usage notesEdit
- In Mañegu voshotrus and voshotras are more commonly used as subject pronouns.
- Takes the form -vus when used as an object pronoun suffixed to an impersonal verb form.
See alsoEdit
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
ReferencesEdit
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French vos, probably from Latin vostros (“your, plural accusative”).
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
vos pl
Related termsEdit
Possessee | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | |||||
Possessor | Singular | First person | mon1 | ma | mes | |
Second person | ton1 | ta | tes | |||
Third person | son1 | sa | ses | |||
Plural | First person | notre | nos | |||
Second person | votre2 | vos2 | ||||
Third person | leur | leurs |
- 1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
Further readingEdit
- “vos”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
GalicianEdit
PronounEdit
vos
- inflection of vós:
IcelandicEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
vos n (genitive singular voss, nominative plural vos)
DeclensionEdit
InterlinguaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
PronounEdit
vos
- you (plural)
LadinoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Spanish vosotros.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
vos (Latin spelling)
- you (formal singular, nominative and accusative)
- accusative of vozotros
- accusative of vozotras
LatinEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
vōs
- you, ye, you all; nominative/accusative/vocative plural of tū
Usage notesEdit
When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).
DeclensionEdit
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | First | Second | Reflexive third | Third | First | Second | Reflexive third | Third | |||||
Case / Gender | Masc./ Fem./Neut. | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | Masc./ Fem./Neut. | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | |||||
Nominative | ego egō |
tū | — | is | ea | id | nōs | vōs | — | eī iī |
eae | ea | |
Genitive | meī | tuī | suī | eius | nostrī nostrum |
vestrī vestrum |
suī | eōrum | eārum | eōrum | |||
Dative | mihi | tibi | sibi | eī | nōbīs | vōbīs | sibi | eīs | |||||
Accusative | mē | tē | sē sēsē |
eum | eam | id | nōs | vōs | sē sēsē |
eōs | eās | ea | |
Ablative | mē | tē | sē sēsē | eō | eā | eō | nōbīs | vōbīs | sē sēsē |
eīs | |||
Vocative | egō | tū | — | nōs | vōs | — |
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Aromanian: voi, voauã
- Catalan: vós, vosaltres
- Dalmatian: vu, voi
- Friulian: vô, voaltris
- Italian: voi, voialtri
- Neapolitan: vuje
- Occitan: vos, vosautres
- Old French: vos
- Old Galician-Portuguese: vos
- Romanian: voi, vouă
- Romansch: vus
- Sardinian: bosatrus
- Sicilian: vui, vuàutri
- Spanish: vos, vosotros, os
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | eius | eī | eum | eō | eius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
ReferencesEdit
- “vos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “vos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- vos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- vos in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
- not to be prolix: ne diutius vos demorer
- picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
LithuanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
see *ed(ъ)-va.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
vos (not comparable)
Derived termsEdit
Middle DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.
NounEdit
vos m
InflectionEdit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “vos”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “vos”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
OccitanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Occitan vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
vos
- to you (second-person plural indirect object pronoun)
- yourselves (second-person plural reflexive pronoun)
Old FrenchEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
vos
- you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite subject pronoun)
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre
- That you may be able to get rid of this blame
- Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- your (second-person plural or second-person singular polite possessive pronoun)
- yourself (second-person plural or second-person singular polite reflexive pronoun)
- you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite object pronoun)
- circa 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès:
- qant je vos voi de tel meniere
- when I see you in such a state
DescendantsEdit
Old OccitanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
PronounEdit
vos
- you (plural or polite form)
DescendantsEdit
- Occitan: vos
PiedmonteseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
vos f (plural vos)
PortugueseEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
- Hyphenation: vos
PronounEdit
vos
See alsoEdit
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct object) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Prepositional | Prepositional with com |
Non-declining | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) |
a (la, na) |
lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) |
a gente | |||||||
Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco, com vós | vocês | ||||||||
os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) |
as (las, nas) |
lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Indefinite | se | si | consigo |
SardinianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you”).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
vos (possessive vostru)
SloveneEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ.
NounEdit
vọ̑s m inan
Further readingEdit
- “vos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
SpanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
vos
- (archaic) an elevated form of you, either singular or plural
- (parts of Latin America, Chavacano-speaking areas in the Philippines) a form of you, singular
- Synonym: tú
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Further readingEdit
- “vos”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
WalloonEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Proto-Italic *wōs.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
vos
SynonymsEdit
- (plural): vozôtes