vos
AfrikaansEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Dutch vos, from Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
vos (plural vosse, diminutive vossie)
Derived termsEdit
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
vos (enclitic, contracted us, proclitic us)
- you (plural, direct or indirect object)
DeclensionEdit
DanishEdit
PronounEdit
vos
- (dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of os.
- 1926, Adolph Stender, Skovtrold, Lindhardt og Ringhof (→ISBN)
- Næ, la' vos bare inte skave vos! (...) men saa øver vi vos imens! Naar han ser vos gennem Vindvet, kommer han nok herud ...
- 1973, Bent Rying, Alice Kennebo, København og Københavns amt
- Han har sæl brunget desse ur te vos; ...
- 1906, Maglekilde fortæller: humoristiske fortællinger
- Jeg ka' kons mindes een eneste Gang a' han roste vos, – de' var en Da' da han ha'de trukket vos rigtig igjennem i Geveereksersis; — — der var inte en tør Trevl paa vos, saatten ha'de vi maattet hænge i en tre, fire Timmer i et Slav.
- 1926, Adolph Stender, Skovtrold, Lindhardt og Ringhof (→ISBN)
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.
NounEdit
vos m (plural vossen, diminutive vosje n, feminine vossin)
- fox, carnivore of the tribe Vulpini
- red fox specifically, Vulpes vulpes
- Synonyms: gewone vos, rode vos
- fox fur
- a crafty, ingenious person
- Koen is een lepe vos, die laat zich niet in de luren leggen.
- Conrad is a sly fox who does not allow himself to be hoodwinked.
- horse with red or red-brown fur
Derived termsEdit
- brandvos
- eilandvos
- gewone vos
- grijze vos
- grootoorvos
- kitvos
- kortoorvos
- kruisvos
- moervos
- poolvos
- rode vos
- schoolvos
- vosaap
- vosbelg
- vosbles
- voskleurig
- voskonijn
- vosrekel
- vosruin
- vosschaar
- vosschimmel
- vossen
- vossenbes
- vossengat
- vossengeschreeuw
- vossenhuid
- vossenjacht
- vossenkuil
- vossenstaart
- vossenval
- vossenvel
- woestijnvos
- zilvervos
DescendantsEdit
- Afrikaans: vos
Etymology 2Edit
See the etymology of the main entry.
VerbEdit
vos
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French vos, probably from Latin vostros (“your, plural accusative”).
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
vos pl
Related termsEdit
Possessee | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | |||||
Possessor | Singular | First person | mon1 | ma | mes | |
Second person | ton1 | ta | tes | |||
Third person | son1 | sa | ses | |||
Plural | First person | notre | nos | |||
Second person | votre2 | vos2 | ||||
Third person | leur | leurs |
- 1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
Further readingEdit
- “vos” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
GalicianEdit
PronounEdit
vos
- inflection of vós:
InterlinguaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
PronounEdit
vos
- you (plural)
LadinoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Spanish vosotros.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
vos (Latin spelling)
- you (formal singular, nominative and accusative)
- accusative of vozotros
- accusative of vozotras
LatinEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
vōs
Usage notesEdit
When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).
DeclensionEdit
1st and 2nd person personal pronouns declension together with the possessive and reflexive pronouns.
is, ea, id (“he, she, it”) is not included here.
Singular | First-person | Second-person | Reflexive |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | ego/egō | tū | — |
genitive | meī | tuī | suī |
dative | mihi/mihī, mī | tibi | sibi |
accusative | mē | tē | sē, sēsē |
ablative | mē | tē | sē, sēsē |
vocative | egō | tū | — |
possessive | meus | tuus | suus |
Plural | First-person | Second-person | Reflexive |
nominative | nōs | vōs | — |
genitive | nostrī, nostrum | vestrī, vestrum | suī |
dative | nōbīs | vōbīs | sibi |
accusative | nōs | vōs | sē, sēsē |
ablative | nōbīs | vōbīs | sē, sēsē |
vocative | nōs | vōs | — |
possessive | noster | vester, voster | suus |
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | eius | eī | eum | eō | eius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
ReferencesEdit
- vos in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- vos in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- vos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- vos in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
- not to be prolix: ne diutius vos demorer
- picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
LithuanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
vos (not comparable)
Derived termsEdit
Middle DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.
NounEdit
vos m
InflectionEdit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “vos”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “vos”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
OccitanEdit
PronunciationEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Occitan vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
PronounEdit
vos
- to you (second-person plural indirect object pronoun)
- yourselves (second-person plural reflexive pronoun)
Old FrenchEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
PronounEdit
vos
- you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite subject pronoun)
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre
- That you may be able to get rid of this blame
- Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- your (second-person plural or second-person singular polite possessive pronoun)
- yourself (second-person plural or second-person singular polite reflexive pronoun)
- you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite object pronoun)
- circa 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, 'Cligès':
- qant je vos voi de tel meniere
- when I see you in such a state
DescendantsEdit
Old OccitanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
PronounEdit
vos
- you (plural or polite form)
DescendantsEdit
PiedmonteseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
vos f (plural vos)
PortugueseEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
vos
- 2nd person plural objective pronoun
See alsoEdit
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct object) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Prepositional | Prepositional with com |
Non-declining | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) |
a (la, na) |
lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) |
a gente | |||||||
Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco, com vós | vocês | ||||||||
os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) |
as (las, nas) |
lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Indefinite | se | si | consigo |
SardinianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you”).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
vos (possessive vostru)
SloveneEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ.
NounEdit
vọ̑s m inan
Further readingEdit
- “vos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
SpanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
vos
- (archaic) An elevated form of you, either singular or plural.
- (parts of Latin America, Chavacano-speaking areas in the Philippines) a form of you, singular.
- Synonym: tú
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo/la5 | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Further readingEdit
- “vos” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
WalloonEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Proto-Italic *wōs.
PronounEdit
vos
SynonymsEdit
- (plural): vozôtes