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vos

See also: VOS, vós, vôs, vô, voš, -vos, and v. o. s.

Contents

AfrikaansEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Dutch vos.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

vos (plural vosse, diminutive vossie)

  1. fox

CatalanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin vōs.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

vos (enclitic, contracted us, proclitic us)

  1. you (plural, direct or indirect object)

DeclensionEdit

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person.		 3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

vos m (plural vossen, diminutive vosje n, feminine vossin)

  1. fox
  2. red fox specifically
    Synonyms: gewone vos, rode vos
  3. fox fur
  4. a crafty, ingenious person
    Koen is een lepe vos, die laat zich niet in de luren leggen.
    Conrad is a sly fox, he does not allow himself to be hoodwinked.
  5. horse with red or red-brown fur

Derived termsEdit

Terms derived from vos

DescendantsEdit

  • Afrikaans: vos

VerbEdit

vos

  1. first-person singular present indicative of vossen
  2. imperative of vossen

FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French vos, probably from Latin vostros (“your, plural accusative”).

PronunciationEdit

DeterminerEdit

vos pl

  1. plural of votre

Related termsEdit

Possessee
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine
Possessor Singular First person mon1 ma mes
Second person ton1 ta tes
Third person son1 sa ses
Plural First person notre nos
Second person votre2 vos2
Third person leur leurs
1 Also used before the feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or a mute h.
2 Also used for the singular polite form.

Further readingEdit

GalicianEdit

PronounEdit

vos

  1. inflection of vós:
    1. accusative
    2. dative
    3. reflexive

InterlinguaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

PronounEdit

vos

  1. you (plural)

LatinEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

vōs

  1. you, ye, you all; nominative plural of tū
  2. you, ye, you all; accusative plural of tū

InflectionEdit

Personal pronoun declension.

Singular First-person Second-person Reflexive
nominative ego/egō tū —
genitive meī tuī suī
dative mihi/mihī, mī tibi sibi
accusative mē tē sē, sēsē
ablative mē tē sē, sēsē
vocative egō tū —
possessive meus tuus suus
Plural First-person Second-person Reflexive
nominative nōs vōs —
genitive nostrī, nostrum vestrī, vestrum suī
dative nōbīs vōbīs sibi
accusative nōs vōs sē, sēsē
ablative nōbīs vōbīs sē, sēsē
vocative nōs vōs —
possessive noster vester, voster suus

Usage notesEdit

When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

Latin personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Possessive
Singular First — ego meī mihi mē meus, -a, -um
Second — tū tuī tibi tē tuus, -a, -um
Reflexive third — — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Third Masculine is eius eī eum eō eius
Feminine ea eam eā
Neuter id id eō
Plural First — nōs nostrī, nostrum nōbīs nōs nōbīs noster, -tra, -trum
Second — vōs vestrī, vestrum vōbīs vōs vōbīs vester, -tra, -trum
Reflexive third — — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Third Masculine eī, iī eōrum eīs eōs eīs eōrum
Feminine eae eārum eās eārum
Neuter ea eōrum ea eōrum

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • vos in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • vos in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • du Cange, Charles (1883), “vos”, in G. A. Louis Henschel, Pierre Carpentier, Léopold Favre, editors, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (in Latin), Niort: L. Favre
  • “vos” in Félix Gaffiot’s Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette (1934)
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
    • not to be prolix: ne diutius vos demorer

LithuanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

  This entry lacks etymological information. If you are familiar with the origin of this term, please add it to the page per etymology instructions. You can also discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

vos (not comparable)

  1. hardly

Derived termsEdit

Middle DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.

NounEdit

vos m

  1. fox, red fox

InflectionEdit

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • “vos”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • “vos”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929

OccitanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Provençal vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

PronounEdit

vos

  1. you (plural form)

SynonymsEdit

Old FrenchEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

PronounEdit

vos

  1. you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite subject pronoun)
  2. your (second-person plural or second-person singular polite possessive pronoun)
  3. yourself (second-person plural or second-person singular polite reflexive pronoun)
  4. you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite object pronoun)
    • circa 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès:
      qant je vos voi de tel meniere
      when I see you in such a state

DescendantsEdit

Old LatinEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

PronounEdit

vōs

  1. you (plural)

DeclensionEdit

This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.

DescendantsEdit

Old ProvençalEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

PronounEdit

vos

  1. you (plural or polite form)

DescendantsEdit

PortugueseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin vōs.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

vos

  1. 2nd person plural objective pronoun

See alsoEdit

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number Person Nominative
(subject)		 Accusative
(direct object)		 Dative
(indirect object)		 Oblique Oblique
with com		 Non-declining
m f m f m and f m f m f m f
Singular First eu me mim comigo
Second tu te ti contigo você
o senhor a senhora
Third ele ela o
(lo, no)		 a
(la, na)		 lhe ele ela com ele com ela o mesmo a mesma
se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)
Plural First nós nos nós connosco (Portugal)
conosco (Brazil)		 a gente
Second vós vos vós convosco vocês
os senhores as senhoras
Third eles elas os
(los, nos)		 as
(las, nas)		 lhes eles elas com eles com elas os mesmos as mesmas
se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)
Indefinite se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)

SpanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

vos

  1. (archaic) An elevated form of you, either singular or plural.
  2. (parts of Latin America) a form of you, singular.

SynonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

Spanish personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular yo me mí1
plural masc. nosotros nos nosotros
fem. nosotras nosotras
second person singular tuteo tú te ti1
voseo vos vos
formal2 usted le lo/la3 usted
plural familiar4 masc. vosotros os vosotros
fem. vosotras vosotras
formal/general2 ustedes les los/las3 ustedes
third person singular masc. él le lo él
fem. ella la ella
neut. ello5 lo/la3 ello
plural masc. ellos les los ellos
fem. ellas las ellas
sing. & pl. reflexive — se sí1
  • Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
  • If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., "Se lo dije" instead of "Le lo dije")
1 Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
2 Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
3 Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
4 Used only in Spain
5 Used only in rare circumstances

WalloonEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Proto-Italic *wōs.

PronounEdit

vos

  1. you (singular)
  2. you (plural)

SynonymsEdit

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