vos

See also: VOS, vós, vôs, vô, voš, -vos, and v. o. s.

Contents

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch vos, from Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fɔs/

Noun

vos (plural vosse, diminutive vossie)

1. fox, carnivore of the tribe Vulpini

Derived terms

• skoolvos

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Catalan

Etymology

From Latin vōs.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /vus/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /bus/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /vos/

Pronoun

vos (enclitic, contracted us, proclitic us)

1. you (plural, direct or indirect object)

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi3	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
1st person majestic1	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal1	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person very formal2	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’4	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal2	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural. 2) Behaves grammatically as third person.			3) Only as object of a preposition. 4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

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Danish

Pronoun

vos

1. (dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of os.
   • 1926, Adolph Stender, Skovtrold, Lindhardt og Ringhof (→ISBN)

     Næ, la' vos bare inte skave vos! (...) men saa øver vi vos imens! Naar han ser vos gennem Vindvet, kommer han nok herud ...

   • 1973, Bent Rying, Alice Kennebo, København og Københavns amt

     Han har sæl brunget desse ur te vos; ...

   • 1906, Maglekilde fortæller: humoristiske fortællinger

     Jeg ka' kons mindes een eneste Gang a' han roste vos, – de' var en Da' da han ha'de trukket vos rigtig igjennem i Geveereksersis; — — der var inte en tør Trevl paa vos, saatten ha'de vi maattet hænge i en tre, fire Timmer i et Slav.

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vɔs/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: vos
• Rhymes: -ɔs

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.

Noun

vos m (plural vossen, diminutive vosje n, feminine vossin)

1. fox, carnivore of the tribe Vulpini
2. red fox specifically, Vulpes vulpes

   Synonyms: gewone vos, rode vos

3. fox fur
4. a crafty, ingenious person

   Koen is een lepe vos, die laat zich niet in de luren leggen.

   Conrad is a sly fox, he does not allow himself to be hoodwinked.

5. horse with red or red-brown fur

Derived terms

• brandvos
• eilandvos
• gewone vos
• grijze vos
• grootoorvos
• kitvos
• kortoorvos
• kruisvos
• moervos
• poolvos
• rode vos
• schoolvos
• vosaap
• vosbelg
• vosbles
• voskleurig
• voskonijn
• vosrekel
• vosruin
• vosschaar
• vosschimmel
• vossebes
• vossegat
• vossehuid
• vossekuil
• vossen
• vossenjacht
• vossestaart
• vosseval
• vossevel
• zilvervos

 

Descendants

• Afrikaans: vos

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

vos

1. first-person singular present indicative of vossen
2. imperative of vossen

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French

Etymology

From Old French vos, probably from Latin vostros (“your, plural accusative”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vo/
• Rhymes: -o
• Homophones: veau, veaux

Determiner

vos pl

1. plural of votre

Related terms

			Possessee
			Singular		Plural
			Masculine	Feminine
Possessor	Singular	First person	mon1	ma	mes
		Second person	ton1	ta	tes
		Third person	son1	sa	ses
	Plural	First person	notre		nos
		Second person	votre2		vos2
		Third person	leur		leurs

¹ Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.

² Also used as the polite singular form.

Further reading

• “vos” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Galician

Pronoun

vos

1. inflection of vós:
   1. accusative and dative
   2. reflexive

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Interlingua

Etymology

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

Pronoun

vos

1. you (plural)

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Ladino

Etymology

From Old Spanish vosotros.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vos/

Pronoun

vos (Latin spelling)

1. you (formal singular, nominative and accusative)
2. accusative of vozotros
3. accusative of vozotras

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Latin

Etymology

From Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /woːs/
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /vos/

Pronoun

vōs

1. you, ye, you all; nominative plural of tū
2. you, ye, you all; accusative plural of tū

Usage notes

When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).

Inflection

Personal pronoun declension.

Singular	First-person	Second-person	Reflexive
nominative	ego/egō	tū	—
genitive	meī	tuī	suī
dative	mihi/mihī, mī	tibi	sibi
accusative	mē	tē	sē, sēsē
ablative	mē	tē	sē, sēsē
vocative	egō	tū	—
possessive	meus	tuus	suus
Plural	First-person	Second-person	Reflexive
nominative	nōs	vōs	—
genitive	nostrī, nostrum	vestrī, vestrum	suī
dative	nōbīs	vōbīs	sibi
accusative	nōs	vōs	sē, sēsē
ablative	nōbīs	vōbīs	sē, sēsē
vocative	nōs	vōs	—
possessive	noster	vester, voster	suus

Derived terms

• vobiscum

Descendants

• Aromanian: voi, voauã
• Catalan: vós, vosaltres
• Dalmatian: vu, voi
• Friulian: vô, voaltris
• Italian: voi, voialtri
• Neapolitan: vuje
• Occitan: vos, vosautres
• Old French: vos
  • Middle French: vous
    • French: vous
  • Walloon: vos

• Old Portuguese: vos
  • Galician: vós, vosoutros
  • Portuguese: vós
• Romanian: voi, vouă
• Romansch: vus
• Sicilian: vui, vuàutri
• Spanish: vos, vosotros, os

See also

Latin personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative	Ablative	Possessive
Singular	First	—	ego	meī	mihi	mē		meus, -a, -um
	Second	—	tū	tuī	tibi	tē		tuus, -a, -um
	Reflexive third	—	—	suī	sibi	sē, sēsē		suus, -a, -um
	Third	Masculine	is	eius	eī	eum	eō	eius
		Feminine	ea			eam	eā
		Neuter	id			id	eō
Plural	First	—	nōs	nostrī, nostrum	nōbīs	nōs	nōbīs	noster, -tra, -trum
	Second	—	vōs	vestrī, vestrum	vōbīs	vōs	vōbīs	vester, -tra, -trum
	Reflexive third	—	—	suī	sibi	sē, sēsē		suus, -a, -um
	Third	Masculine	eī, iī	eōrum	eīs	eōs	eīs	eōrum
		Feminine	eae	eārum		eās		eārum
		Neuter	ea	eōrum		ea		eōrum

References

• vos in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• vos in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• vos in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
    
  • not to be prolix: ne diutius vos demorer
    

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Lithuanian

Etymology

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [vos]

Adverb

vos (not comparable)

1. hardly

Derived terms

• vos vos
• vos tik

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Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.

Noun

vos m

1. fox, red fox

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• vossinne

Descendants

• Dutch: vos
  • Afrikaans: vos
• Limburgish: vósj

Further reading

• “vos”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “vos”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929

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Occitan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vus/

Etymology

From Old Occitan vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

Pronoun

vos

1. to you (second-person plural indirect object pronoun)
2. yourselves (second-person plural reflexive pronoun)

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Old French

Alternative forms

• vous
• vus

Etymology

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

Pronoun

vos

1. you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite subject pronoun)
   • circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

     Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre

     That you may be able to get rid of this blame

2. your (second-person plural or second-person singular polite possessive pronoun)
3. yourself (second-person plural or second-person singular polite reflexive pronoun)
4. you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite object pronoun)
   • circa 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, 'Cligès':

     qant je vos voi de tel meniere

     when I see you in such a state

Descendants

• Middle French: vous
  • French: vous
• Walloon: vos

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Old Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

Pronoun

vōs

1. you (plural)

Declension

This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Latin: vōs

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Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

Pronoun

vos

1. you (plural or polite form)

Descendants

• Catalan: vós
• Occitan: vos

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Piedmontese

Alternative forms

• vus

Etymology

From Latin vōx.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vus/

Noun

vos f (plural vos)

1. voice

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Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin vōs.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈvuʃ/
• Hyphenation: vos

Pronoun

vos

1. 2^nd person plural objective pronoun

See also

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number	Person	Nominative (subject)		Accusative (direct object)		Dative (indirect object)	Prepositional		Prepositional with com		Non-declining
		m	f	m	f	m and f	m	f	m	f	m	f
Singular	First	eu		me			mim		comigo
	Second	tu		te			ti		contigo		você
											o senhor	a senhora
	Third	ele	ela	o (lo, no)	a (la, na)	lhe	ele	ela	com ele	com ela	o mesmo	a mesma
				se (reflexive)			si (reflexive)		consigo (reflexive)
Plural	First	nós		nos			nós		connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil)		a gente
	Second	vós		vos			vós		convosco		vocês
											os senhores	as senhoras
	Third	eles	elas	os (los, nos)	as (las, nas)	lhes	eles	elas	com eles	com elas	os mesmos	as mesmas
				se (reflexive)			si (reflexive)		consigo (reflexive)
Indefinite				se (reflexive)			si (reflexive)		consigo (reflexive)

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Spanish

Etymology

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bos/
• (Louisiana) IPA^(key): [βos]

Pronoun

vos

1. (archaic) An elevated form of you, either singular or plural.
2. (parts of Latin America) a form of you, singular.

Synonyms

• tú

Derived terms

• vosear
• voseo m

See also

Spanish personal pronouns

				nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
first person	singular			yo	me		mí1
	plural	masculine2		nosotros	nos		nosotros
		feminine		nosotras			nosotras
second person	singular	tuteo		tú	te		ti1
		voseo		vos			vos
		formal3		usted	le, se4	lo/la5	usted
	plural	familiar6	masculine2	vosotros	os		vosotros
			feminine	vosotras			vosotras
		formal/general3		ustedes	les, se4	los/las5	ustedes
third person	singular	masculine2		él	le, se4	lo	él
		feminine		ella		la	ella
		neuter		ello7		lo/la5	ello
	plural	masculine2		ellos	les, se4	los	ellos
		feminine		ellas		las	ellas
	reflexive			—	se		sí1

1. Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
2. Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
4. If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
5. Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
6. Used primarily in Spain
7. Used only in rare circumstances

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Walloon

Etymology

From Old French vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Proto-Italic *wōs.

Pronoun

vos

1. you (singular)
2. you (plural)

Synonyms

• (plural): vozôtes