guasto

See also: guastò

Italian edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈɡwa.sto/
Rhymes: -asto
Hyphenation: guà‧sto

Etymology 1 edit

From the short past participle of guastare (“to ruin”) in Tuscan; compare the Standard Italian participle guastato.^[1] Cognate with Piedmontese guast.

Adjective edit

guasto (feminine guasta, masculine plural guasti, feminine plural guaste)

(obsolete) devastated, ruined, ravaged
Synonyms: devastato, rovinato
- mid 1300s–mid 1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XIV”, in Inferno [Hell]‎^[1], lines 94–96; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎^[2], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:
  «In mezzo mar siede un paese guasto».
  diss’elli allora, «che s’appella Creta,
  sotto ’l cui rege fu già ’l mondo casto.
  "In the middle of the sea lies a ruined country", he then said, "which is named Crete, under whose king the world was once innocent."
- 1349–1353, Giovanni Boccaccio, “Giornata settima – Novella terza”, in Decameron; republished as Aldo Francesco Massera, editor, Il Decameron‎^[3], Bari: Laterza, 1927:
  Ma che dico io di frate Rinaldo nostro di cui parliamo? Quali son quegli che cosí non facciano? Ahi vitupèro del guasto mondo!
  But what am I saying about our friar Rinaldo, about whom we're talking? Who are the ones who don't act thusly? Alas, dishonor of the ruined world!
broken, out of order (of mechanisms, devices etc.)
Synonym: rotto
spoilt, rotten, gone bad (of food)
Synonyms: marcio, andato a male
damaged, ruined (of organs or body parts)
Synonyms: sciupato, danneggiato
- 1349–1353, Giovanni Boccaccio, “Giornata quarta – Novella decima”, in Decameron; republished as Aldo Francesco Massera, editor, Il Decameron‎^[4], Bari: Laterza, 1927:
  avvenne che al medico fu messo tra le mani uno infermo il quale aveva guasta l’una delle gambe
  It so happened that a patient was brought to the physician, who had a bad leg
(spiritually or morally) corrupt

Participle edit

guasto (feminine guasta, masculine plural guasti, feminine plural guaste)

(Tuscan) Synonym of guastato, past participle of guastare
- mid 1300s–mid 1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XXXIII”, in Inferno [Hell]‎^[5], lines 1–3; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎^[6], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:
  La bocca sollevò dal fiero pasto
  quel peccator, forbendola a’ capelli
  del capo ch’elli avea di retro guasto.
  The sinner raised his mouth from the horrible meal, cleaning it from the hair of the head that he had damaged from behind.
(obsolete) broken, violated, infringed
Synonyms: infranto, rotto, violato
- early-mid 1310s–mid 1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto I”, in Purgatorio [Purgatory]‎^[7], lines 76–77; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎^[8], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:
  Non son li editti eterni per noi guasti,
  ché questi vive e Minòs me non lega
  The eternal laws are not broken by us, for he is alive, and Minos does not bind me

Etymology 2 edit

Deverbal from guastare +‎ -o.

Noun edit

guasto m (plural guasti)

(obsolete or literary) devastation, ruin
Synonyms: devastazione, rovina
- 1348, Giovanni Villani, “Come il detto Arrigo imperadore assediò la città di Firenze. [How the aforementioned emperor Henry besieged the city of Florence]” (chapter 23), Libro quinto [Fifth book], in Nuova Cronica [New Chronicle]‎^[9], published 1991:
  Negli anni di Cristo MLXXX […] Arrigo imperadore […] si puose ad oste alla città di Firenze […] e fece gran guasto a la detta città
  In the years 1080 of Christ, emperor Henry waged war against the city of Florence, and brought great devastation to the aforementioned city
damage
Synonym: danno
1. breakdown, failure, fault
  Synonym: problema
  
  Il guasto è nel motore. ― The fault is in the engine.

Related terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb edit

guasto

first-person singular present indicative of guastare

References edit

^ Ledgeway 2016: 221