Estonian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Finnic *karttadak.

Verb

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kartma (da-infinitive karta)

  1. to be afraid (of), to fear (consider or expect with apprehension or alarm)
  2. to be afraid, to fear (that) (regret that something is or may be the case)
    Ma kardan, et ma ei saa teid aidata.I'm afraid I can't help you.

Conjugation

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Further reading

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  • kartma”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
  • kartma”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
  • kartma”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
  • kartma in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)