ma
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
ma (plural mas)
- (astronomy, usually in the plural) Abbreviation of milli-arcsecond.
Etymology 2 edit
The sound, which parents interpret as a reference to themselves, is very commonly made by infants.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ma (plural mas, not generally used in the plural)
- (colloquial, and in direct address) mother, mama
- (colloquial) The landlady of a theater.
- 1949, Shaw Desmond, The Edwardian Story, page 322:
- […] that dear little man writing in the guestbook of the "Ma" or theatrical landlady […]
Usage notes edit
- Often capitalized when used to refer to a specific person.
- Hey, Ma, I’d like you to meet my friend Jamie.
Synonyms edit
Translations edit
|
References edit
- (landlady of a theater): 1984, Jonathon Green, Newspeak.
See also edit
Etymology 3 edit
Abbreviation.
Noun edit
ma
Usage notes edit
- Usually capitalised as Ma.
Etymology 4 edit
From my.
Determiner edit
ma
Etymology 5 edit
From Chinese 嘛 (ma, “of course!”).[1]
Particle edit
- Alternative form of mah
- 1998 April 24, viken, “tcs shows”, in sg.rec.tv (Usenet):
- Singlish is acceptable in Singapore mah
- 2015 April 17, Jalelah Abu Baker, “What's the difference between 'lah' and 'lor': Poet Gwee Li Sui's take on nuances of Singlish goes viral”, in The Straits Times[1]:
- I dun have mah.
- 2017 April 30, Wong Kim Hoh, “It Changed My Life: Migrant worker goes from painting condos to boss of own company”, in The Straits Times[2]:
- "I was already 32, so must get married mah," he says, using the Singlish word often used to express something which is obvious.
References edit
Anagrams edit
'Are'are edit
Conjunction edit
ma
References edit
- Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)
Acehnese edit
Noun edit
ma
References edit
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Afar edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Afroasiatic *ma, *mi-.
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
má (bound form maa-)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
- macá (“what?”)
References edit
- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “ma”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
Afrikaans edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Noun edit
ma (plural ma's)
Synonyms edit
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Ajië edit
Conjunction edit
ma
References edit
- Leenhardt, M. (1935) Vocabulaire et grammaire de la langue Houaïlou, Paris: Institut d'ethnologie. Cited in: "Houaïlou" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
- Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "Ajiø" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Akkadian edit
Etymology edit
Unknown
Pronunciation edit
- (Old Babylonian) IPA(key): /ma/
Particle edit
ma
- (enclitic) and, but
- (enclitic) used to stress single words, especially the predicate of nominal clauses
- 𒌓𒈠𒈠 [ūmamma] ― u₄-ma-ma ― this very day
Alternative forms edit
Phonetic |
---|
|
References edit
- Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “-ma”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag
Alemannic German edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German man, from Old High German man, from Proto-Germanic *mann-.
Noun edit
References edit
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Anaang edit
Verb edit
má
- to love
Further reading edit
- Cristiane Benjamin Santos, Aspectos morfossintáticos dos pronomes pessoais em Anaan (2007)
- Bruce Connell, Lower Cross Wordlist
Anguthimri edit
Noun edit
ma
- (Mpakwithi) man
Verb edit
ma
- (transitive, Mpakwithi) to hear
- (transitive, Mpakwithi) to listen
References edit
- Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 187
Aromanian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Latin magis. Compare Romanian mai.
Adverb edit
ma
Etymology 2 edit
Conjunction edit
ma
Asturian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
See madre
Noun edit
ma f (plural mas)
Bambara edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ma
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
ma (auxiliary)
- (verbal auxiliary) marks an action which is not accomplished
- A ma na fɔlɔ
- He has not come yet
- Sirajɛ ma taa dɔgɔ la
- Siraje did not go to the market
References edit
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Bavarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Unstressed form of mia
Pronoun edit
ma
See also edit
nominative | accusative | dative | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
1st person singular | i | — | mi | — | mia (mir) | ma | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | — | di | — | dia (dir) | da | |
2nd person singular (formal) |
Sie | — | Eahna | — | Eahna | — | |
3rd person singular | m | er | a | eahm | 'n | eahm | 'n |
n | es, des | 's | des | 's | |||
f | se, de | 's | se | 's | ihr | — | |
1st person plural | mia (mir) | ma | uns | — | uns | — | |
2nd person plural | eß, ihr | — | enk, eich | — | enk, eich | — | |
3rd person plural | se | 's | eahna | — | eahna | — |
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle High German man, from Old High German man, from Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann- (“person”). Compare German man and Dutch men.
Pronoun edit
ma
Big Nambas edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ma
- come
- aparvr ti aparma paua, patrahr = If they both come the day after tomorrow, wait for them.
References edit
- Big Nambas Grammar Pacific Linguistics - G.J. Fox
Breton edit
Pronoun edit
ma
Interjection edit
ma
- good!
Conjunction edit
ma
Synonyms edit
Cameroon Pidgin edit
Determiner edit
ma
- Alternative spelling of my (“1st person singular possessive determiner”)
Caolan edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ma
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
From Vulgar Latin *mam, reduced form of Latin meam.
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
ma
Chamorro edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ma
Usage notes edit
- ma is used solely as a subject of a transitive verb, while siha is used either as a subject of an intransitive verb or an object of a transitive verb.
See also edit
hu-type pronouns | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural inclusive | plural exclusive | |
1st person | hu | ta | in |
2nd person | un | en | |
3rd person | ha | ma | |
yoʼ-type pronouns | |||
singular | plural inclusive | plural exclusive | |
1st person | yoʼ | hit | ham |
2nd person | hao | hamyo | |
3rd person | gueʼ | siha | |
emphatic pronouns | |||
singular | plural inclusive | plural exclusive | |
1st person | guahu | hita | hami |
2nd person | hagu | hamyo | |
3rd person | guiya | siha |
References edit
- Donald M. Topping (1973) Chamorro Reference Grammar[3], Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Cimbrian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle High German māne, from Old High German māno, from Proto-West Germanic *mānō, from Proto-Germanic *mēnô (“moon”).
Noun edit
ma m
Alternative forms edit
References edit
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Etymology 2 edit
An unstressed pronunciation of månn (“man”).
Pronoun edit
ma
References edit
- “ma” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Coatepec Nahuatl edit
Noun edit
ma
- hand.
Dama (Sierra Leone) edit
Etymology edit
Related to widespread words for "mother" and related respectful terms for women across West Africa.
Noun edit
ma
References edit
- Dalby, T. D. P. (1963) “The extinct language of Dama”, in Sierra Leone Language Review, volume 2, Freetown: Fourah Bay College, pages 50–54
Dorze edit
Noun edit
ma
- bee (insect)
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ma f (plural ma's, diminutive maatje n)
Synonyms edit
Descendants edit
- Negerhollands: maa
See also edit
Efik edit
Verb edit
má
Further reading edit
- Bruce Connell, Lower Cross Wordlist
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
Abbreviation of mina, from Proto-Finnic *minä, from Proto-Uralic *minä.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ma (genitive mu, partitive mind, long form mina)
- I (1st person singular personal pronoun)
Usage notes edit
- Used unstressed in a sentence; when the pronoun is stressed, mina is used.
Declension edit
Declension of ma | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | singular | plural | ||
long | short | long | short | |
nominative | mina | ma | meie | me |
genitive | minu | mu | meie | me |
partitive | mind | meid | ||
illative | minusse | musse | meisse | |
inessive | minus | mus | meis | |
elative | minust | must | meist | |
allative | minule | mulle | meile | |
adessive | minul | mul | meil | |
ablative | minult | mult | meilt | |
translative | minuks | – | meieks | meiks |
terminative | minuni | – | meieni | – |
essive | minuna | – | meiena | – |
abessive | minuta | – | meieta | – |
comitative | minuga | muga | meiega | – |
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “ma”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
- “ma”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
- ma in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
Finnish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From maanantai.
Noun edit
ma
- Abbreviation of maanantai (“Monday”).
Further reading edit
- “ma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][4] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2 edit
See minä. Compare Estonian ma.
Pronoun edit
- (personal) I
Synonyms edit
French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French ma, from Latin mea.
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
ma f
Related terms edit
Possessee | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | |||||
Possessor | Singular | First person | mon1 | ma | mes | |
Second person | ton1 | ta | tes | |||
Third person | son1 | sa | ses | |||
Plural | First person | notre | nos | |||
Second person | votre2 | vos2 | ||||
Third person | leur | leurs |
- 1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
Descendants edit
- Louisiana Creole: mâ
Further reading edit
- “ma”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Friulian edit
Etymology edit
Conjunction edit
ma
German edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
ma
Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai edit
Pronoun edit
ma
- 2nd-person singular pronoun: you
- 2nd-person plural pronoun: you
- 2nd-person singular possessive pronoun: your
- 2nd-person plural possessive pronoun: your
See also edit
Hawaiian edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
ma
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
Probably related to más.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
ma
- today
- 1975, Imre Kertész, translated by Tim Wilkinson, Sorstalanság, Budapest: Magvető Könyvkiadó (2016), →ISBN, page 5:
- Ma nem mentem iskolába. Azaz mentem, de csak, hogy hazakéredzkedjem az osztályfőnökömtől.
- I didn’t go to school today. Or rather, I did go, but only to ask my class teacher’s permission to take the day off.
- (attributively, before any time of day) this …… (morning etc.), to-…… (as in “tonight”)
Noun edit
ma (usually uncountable, plural mák)
Declension edit
The suffixed singular forms máig, mára, mához, máról, and mától are common, while mát, mának, mával, máért, mában, mánál, mába, and mából occur mostly in a figurative sense, referring to the present time. The phrase a mai nap is commonly used in its literal sense, adding suffixes to nap instead of this term. Its plural forms are virtually non-existent.
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ma | — |
accusative | mát | — |
dative | mának | — |
instrumental | mával | — |
causal-final | máért | — |
translative | mává | — |
terminative | máig | — |
essive-formal | maként | — |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | mában | — |
superessive | mán | — |
adessive | mánál | — |
illative | mába | — |
sublative | mára | — |
allative | mához | — |
elative | mából | — |
delative | máról | — |
ablative | mától | — |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
máé | — |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
máéi | — |
Its (single- and multiple-possession) possessive forms are hardly if ever used.
Possessive forms of ma | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | mám | — |
2nd person sing. | mád | — |
3rd person sing. | mája | — |
1st person plural | mánk | — |
2nd person plural | mátok | — |
3rd person plural | májuk | — |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- ma in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ma in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Ido edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French mais, Italian ma, Portuguese and Spanish mas, all from Latin magis, from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s.
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
ma
Synonyms edit
- sed (archaic)
Interlingua edit
Etymology edit
Conjunction edit
ma
Istriot edit
Etymology edit
Conjunction edit
ma
- but
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 68:
- Ma sulo i tuoi bai uoci, anema meîa,
- But only your beautiful eyes, oh soul of mine
Italian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
ma
See also edit
Noun edit
ma f
- Abbreviation of mamma.
Interjection edit
ma
- (informal, emphatic) indicates emotion or emphasis
- Ma che carino! ― Oh, how cute!
- (informal) used to introduce a new topic or a question
- Ma...tu sei di Roma? ― So...you're from Rome?
Further reading edit
- ma in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
ma
Jarawa edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ma
- me; us (singular and plural first-person pronoun in the accusative case)
Usage notes edit
The pronoun mi can also be used in the accusative case, but it is less common than ma. When used in possessive constructions, the choice of pronoun is largely determined by vowel harmony.
See also edit
Person | Default form | Accusative form | Prefixed form |
---|---|---|---|
1st | mi | ma | m- |
2nd | ŋi | ŋa | ŋ- |
ni | na | n- | |
ən | ən- | ||
3rd | hi, əhi | hiwa | h-, hi-, ih-, he-, əh- |
ən (for generic third-person) |
References edit
- Kumar, Pramod (2012) Descriptive and Typological Study of Jarawa[5] (PhD). Jawaharlal Nehru University. Page 76—85.
Kabyle edit
Conjunction edit
ma
Kavalan edit
Adverb edit
ma
Noun edit
ma
Keoru-Ahia edit
Noun edit
ma
References edit
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
Kikuyu edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
- As for Tonal Class, Benson (1964) classifies this term into Class 3 with a monosyllabic stem, together with rũkũ, and so on.
- (Kiambu)
Noun edit
ma
Adverb edit
ma
Etymology 2 edit
Particle edit
- (for class 6) of
References edit
- ^ Yukawa, Yasutoshi (1981). "A Tentative Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns: A Study of Limuru Dialect." In Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 22, 75–123.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “ma” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Ladino edit
Etymology edit
From Old Spanish mas, from Latin magis.
Conjunction edit
ma (Latin spelling)
- but
- Synonym: ama
- 1979 July, Moshe Shaul, “Istoria i Dezvelopamiento del Djudeo-Espaniol”, in Aki Yerushalayim[6], archived from the original on 3 December 2020, page 11:
- La primera de eyas es ke el djudeo-espaniol kontiene un grande numero de arkaizmos o sea, palavras ke eran empleadas en Espania asta el siglo XV ma ke dezparesieron dezde entonses de su vokabulario, mientres ke en el djudeo-espaniol kontinuan a existir asta oy.
- The first of them is that Judeo-Spanish contains a large number of archaisms, or rather, words that were used in Spain until the 15th century but which disappeared after then from its vocabulary, while in Judeo-Spanish they continue to be used to this day.
- 2020 January 29, Metin Delevi, “El 27 de Enero es el dia de memoria de las viktimas del Nazismo, del Olokosto…”, in Şalom[7]:
- Devemos de saver ke el antisemitizmo es una de las formas ekstremas del rasizmo ma ay otras formas de rasizmo i devemos de luchar kon todo modo forma del rasizmo.
- We must know that antisemitism is one of the extreme forms of racism, but there are other forms of racism and we must fight every form of racism.
- why
Lala (South Africa) edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.
Verb edit
-má
- to stand
Lhao Vo edit
Etymology edit
Cognate with Lashi muì and Burmese အမွေ (a.mwe).
Noun edit
ma
References edit
- Dr. Ola Hanson, A Dictionary of the Kachin Language (1906).
Ligurian edit
Conjunction edit
ma
Livonian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Shorter form of minā.
Pronoun edit
ma
- I; first person pronoun, referring to the speaker
Declension edit
singular (ikšlug) | plural (pǟgiņlug) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīv) | minā ma |
mēg meg |
genitive (genitīv) | min | mäd |
partitive (partitīv) | mīnda | mēḑi |
dative (datīv) | minnõn min |
mäddõn män |
instrumental (instrumentāl) | minkõks | mädkõks |
illative (illatīv) | minnõ minnõz |
mēži |
inessive (inesīv) | minsõ | mēši |
elative (elatīv) | minstõ | mēšti |
See also edit
References edit
Renāte Blumberga, Tapio Mäkeläinen, Karl Pajusalu (2013), Lībieši: vēsture, valoda un kultūra, Rīga: Līvõ Kultūr sidām, →ISBN
Lower Sorbian edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ma
Maltese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Adverb edit
ma
- not; used to negate verbs and pronominal adverbs
- Illum ma nixrobx.
- I do not drink today.
- Qatt ma nixrob.
- I never drink. / I do not ever drink.
Usage notes edit
- Generally used together with the negative ending -x attached to the verb or pronominal adverb. This ending is absent, however, when another negative word is used, such as qatt (“never”), ebda (“no, none”), ħadd (“nobody”), xejn (“nothing”).
Etymology 2 edit
Pronoun edit
ma
- (relative) Alternative form of li (“who, which, that”), used in some fossiled expressions
- L-ewwel ma tiekol, l-għajn.
- You eat with your eyes first.
- (literally, “The first that eats is the eye.”)
- (obsolete, with comparative adjective) how (as in “how beautiful is...”)
- Synonym: kemm
- ca. 1760, G.P.F. Agius de Soldanis, Discorso tra due contadini sopra le nuove correnti:
- Rait e Sultana, u makbar u mesbahh ma hi, ma t challi hhasra, ghaliesc i enghat li t-arga mnein giet.
- Rajt is-Sultana. U ma akbar u ma isbaħ ma hi! Imma tħalli ħasra, għaliex jingħad li terġa’ mnejn ġiet.
- I saw the Sultana [a captured Turkish ship]. And how big and how beautiful she is! But is a pity, because they say she will go back to where she came from.
Derived terms edit
Mandarin edit
Romanization edit
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 么
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嗎/吗
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嘛
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 㕰
ma
- Nonstandard spelling of mā.
- Nonstandard spelling of má.
- Nonstandard spelling of mǎ.
- Nonstandard spelling of mà.
Usage notes edit
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Maonan edit
Noun edit
ma
Maricopa edit
Noun edit
ma
Mbyá Guaraní edit
Adverb edit
ma
Particle edit
ma
- separates the topic from the rest of the sentence.
Middle English edit
Pronoun edit
ma
- Alternative form of man (“one, you”)
Mursi edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ma (Ethiopic script ማ)
References edit
- David Turton, Moges Yigezu, Olisarali Olibui (2008) “ma”, in Mursi-English-Amharic dictionary, →ISBN, page 117
- Firew Girma Worku (2020) A grammar of Mursi, page 123
Neapolitan edit
Etymology edit
From Latin magis. Compare Italian ma, French mais.
Conjunction edit
ma
Nefamese edit
Etymology edit
From Assamese মা (ma), Early Assamese মাৱ (mawo), from Prakrit 𑀫𑀸𑀬𑀸 (māyā), from Sanskrit माता (mātā).
Noun edit
ma
Nigerian Pidgin edit
Etymology edit
Determiner edit
ma (with tonal diacritic: má)
North Frisian edit
Preposition edit
ma
Northern Ndebele edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.
Verb edit
-má
- to stand
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Old Czech edit
Etymology edit
Derived from the 1st person dual suffix -ma, which itself is a neologism, found in 15th century texts, derived from the 1st person dual suffix -va under the influence of the 1st person plural suffices -m/-me/-my. There aren't many attestations of this pronoun.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ma
Declension edit
Singular | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | jáz, já | ty | — |
Genitive | mne, mě | tebe, tě | sebe, sě |
Dative | mně, mi | tobě, ti | sobě, si |
Accusative | mě, mne | tě, tebe | sě, sebe |
Locative | mně | tobě | sobě |
Instrumental | mnú | tobú, tebú | sobú, sebú |
Possessive | mój | tvój | svój |
Dual | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
Nominative | vě, va, ma | vy | — |
Genitive | najú | vajú | sebe, sě |
Dative | náma | váma | sobě, si |
Accusative | ny, najú | vy, vajú | sě, sebe |
Locative | najú | vajú | sobě |
Instrumental | náma | váma | sobú, sebú |
Possessive | náš, najú | váš, vajú | svój |
Plural | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
Nominative | my | vy | — |
Genitive | nás | vás | sebe, sě |
Dative | nám, nem | vám, vem | sobě, si |
Accusative | ny, nás | vy, vás | sě, sebe |
Locative | nás | vás | sobě |
Instrumental | námi | vámi | sobú, sebú |
Possessive | náš | váš | svój |
References edit
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “ma”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old English edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *maiz. Cognate with Old Frisian mā, Old Saxon mēr, Old Dutch mēr, Old High German mēr, Old Norse meir, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃 (mais).
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
mā
- more
- late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' Metres of Boethius, lines 85-89
- Mid þȳ is ġetācnod þæt his trēowa sceal, and his mōdġeþonc, mā up þonne niþer habban tō heofonum.
- By that is betokened, that his trust shall, and his mind, more upwards than downwards aspire to the heavens.
- The Life of Saint Margaret
- Sēo hāliġe fǣmne him andswarode and cwæþ, "Nis mē ālīefed þæt iċ þē tō seċġe, for þon þū neart nā wierðe mīne stefne tō ġehīerenne. Godes bebodu iċ wille ġehīeran and ġecȳðan. And þū, dēofol, ādumba nū, for þon þe iċ nylle nān word mā of þīnum mūðe ġehīeran."
- The holy virgin answered him and said, "I’m not allowed to tell you, because you don't deserve to hear my voice. God's commandments are what I want to hear and impart. And you, demon, be quiet now, because I don't want to hear one more word out of your mouth."
- late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' Metres of Boethius, lines 85-89
- further
- late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
- Nū ðū þæt swā openlīce onġiten hæfst, ne þearfe ic nū nauht swīþe ymbe þ swincan þæt ic þē mā be gode recce.
- Since thou hast so clearly understood this, I need not now greatly labour in order that I may instruct thee further concerning good;...
- late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
- instead, rather
Adjective edit
mā (indeclinable)
- more (often + genitive)
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
- Þā ġecwæð sē abbod and ealle þā ġebrōðra þæt þēr ne mihte nā mā muneca wunian...
- Then said the abbot and all the brothers, that no more monks could dwell there...
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
Usage notes edit
The expected comparative and superlative forms of mā, māra and mǣst, occur, but are traditionally considered to be suppletive forms of miċel instead.
Old French edit
Etymology edit
Determiner edit
ma f (masculine mon, plural mes)
- my (first-person singular possessive)
Descendants edit
- French: ma
Old Frisian edit
Pronoun edit
ma
Old Irish edit
Conjunction edit
ma
- Alternative spelling of má
Omaha-Ponca edit
Noun edit
ma
References edit
Opao edit
Noun edit
ma
References edit
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
Orokolo edit
Noun edit
ma
References edit
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
Phalura edit
Etymology edit
From Sanskrit म (ma, “1sg (base of oblique cases)”).
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ma (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling مہ)
- I (1sg nom, subject), me (1sg direct object)
Alternative forms edit
- máa- (Forming one phonological word with following postposition or clitic, e.g. máathe 'me, to me' with the 'to'.)
References edit
- Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ma”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Pipil edit
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
mā
Usage notes edit
- The particle ma helps disambiguating many of the subjunctive forms from the present indicative or imperative forms.
Verb edit
-má
- Clipping of -maka.
Pitjantjatjara edit
Adverb edit
ma
Pohnpeian edit
Conjunction edit
ma
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Verb edit
ma
- third-person singular present indicative of mieć
- Andrzej ma 18 lat. ― Andrzej is 18 years old.
Etymology 2 edit
Pronoun edit
ma
Further reading edit
- ma in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
Contraction edit
ma
Romani edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀫𑀸 (mā), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀸 (mā), from Sanskrit मा (mā).
Particle edit
ma
- don't (prohibitive particle)
References edit
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “māˊ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 574
- Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “ma¹”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 172a
- Marcel Courthiade (2009) “ma (and-e rokhimàta)”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 231a
Romanian edit
Adverb edit
ma
References edit
Salar edit
Conjunction edit
ma
Samoan edit
Etymology edit
Cognate with Maori me and Hawaiian me.
Conjunction edit
ma
Preposition edit
ma
Savi edit
Etymology edit
From Sanskrit मया (mayā) or another form of अहम् (aham, “I”).
Pronoun edit
ma
- I; first-person singular personal pronoun
References edit
- Nina Knobloch (2020) A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan[9], Stockholm University
Scots edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English mi, my, apocopated form of min, myn, from Old English mīn (“my, mine”), from Proto-Germanic *mīnaz (“my, mine”, pron.) (genitive of *ek (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *méynos (“my; mine”).
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
ma
Scottish Gaelic edit
Etymology edit
From Old Irish má, from Proto-Celtic *mā, *ma (compare Cornish and Breton mar), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂.
Conjunction edit
ma
- if
- Ma tha thu ’g iarrraidh sin… ― If you want that…
- Ma bhios tu…/Ma bhitheas tu… ― If you will be…/If you are… (habitual)
Usage notes edit
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
From Italian ma, reinforced by Ancient Greek μά (má); both ultimately from Latin magis.
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
mȁ (Cyrillic spelling ма̏)
- bah, whatever
- Placed at the beginning of a sentence to add intensity and surprise
- Ma kako?! ― How?!
- Ma gdje? ― Where in the world...?
- Ma da? ― Really?
- Ma to je on! ― That's definitely him!
- Placed at the beginning of a sentence to express dismissal and indignation
- Ma ne. ― No way.
- Ma daj. ― Oh come on.
- Ma kakvi. ― Impossible.
- Used to emphasize sarcasm
- Ma da!/Ma svakako!/Ma naravno! ― Yeah, sure.
- Ma nemoj. ― Oh you don't say?
- Ma nikad niste vi krivi. ― Of course it can never be your fault.
Situ edit
Etymology edit
Particle edit
ma
Further reading edit
- M. Prins, A Grammar of rGyalrong, Jiǎomùzú (Kyom-kyo) Dialects: A Web of Relations (2016) (and earlier A Web of Relations: A Grammar of rGyalrong, Jiǎomùzú (Kyom-kyo) Dialects, 2011)
Slovak edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ma
- genitive/accusative of ja
Spanish edit
Noun edit
ma f (plural mas)
- (Latin America) mum; mom
Further reading edit
- “ma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sumerian edit
Romanization edit
ma
- Romanization of 𒈠 (ma)
Suri edit
Noun edit
mà
References edit
- 1999, Michael Bryant, Aspects of Tirmaga Grammar (in notes, as ma)
- Michael Bryant, A Brief Grammar of the Suri Language (2011) (as mà)
Swazi edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.
Verb edit
-́ma
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Tagalog edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Influenced by Baybayin character ᜋ (ma).
Noun edit
ma (Baybayin spelling ᜋ)
- The name of the Latin-script letter M/m, in the Abakada alphabet.
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
ma (Baybayin spelling ᜋ)
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
ma (Baybayin spelling ᜋ)
- (zoology) mollusk with a shell that looks like a coat of mail
Further reading edit
- “ma”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Tahitian edit
Conjunction edit
ma
Preposition edit
ma
Tairuma edit
Noun edit
ma
- Alternative form of ma'a
References edit
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
Tat edit
Etymology edit
Cognate with Persian ماه (mâh).
Noun edit
ma
Tày edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key): [maː˧˧]
- (Trùng Khánh) IPA(key): [maː˦˥]
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“dog”). Cognate with Thai หมา (mǎa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ, Lao ໝາ (mā), Tai Dam ꪢꪱ, Lü ᦖᦱ (ṁaa), Shan မႃ (mǎa), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥴ (máa), Aiton မႃ (mā), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma), Zhuang ma, Saek หม่า.
Noun edit
ma (𬍄)
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Vietnamese ma.
Noun edit
ma (魔)
Teanu edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Vanikoro *ma, from Proto-Oceanic *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ma
References edit
- François, Alexandre. 2021. Teanu dictionary (Solomon Islands). Dictionaria 15. 1-1877. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.5653063. – entry ma.
- François, Alexandre. 2021. Online Teanu–English dictionary, with equivalents in Lovono and Tanema. Electronic files. Paris: CNRS. – entry ma.
- Lackey, W.J.. & Boerger, B.H. (2021) “Reexamining the Phonological History of Oceanic's Temotu subgroup”, in Oceanic Linguistics.
Ternate edit
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
ma
References edit
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Toaripi edit
Noun edit
ma
- (Toaripi, Kaipi, Sepoe) water
References edit
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
Tokelauan edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Polynesian *ma. Cognates include Maori mā and Samoan ma.
Conjunction edit
ma
- Joins noun clauses; and, with
- 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau][10], page 1:
- Ko te fakavae tenei e matea i nā nuku ma kafai ona tagata e faifaimea fakatahi, ma nonofo fakatahi i te filemu ma te fiafia.
- This foundation is recognised in the villages and if its people repeatedly do things together, and they live together in peace and happiness.
- Joins verb clauses; and, also, too
- 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau][11], page 1:
- Ko te fakavae tenei e matea i nā nuku ma kafai ona tagata e faifaimea fakatahi, ma nonofo fakatahi i te filemu ma te fiafia.
- This foundation is recognised in the villages and if its people repeatedly do things together, and they live together in peace and happiness.
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Polynesian *ma.
Preposition edit
ma
Etymology 3 edit
Preposition edit
ma
References edit
- R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary[12], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 198
Tz'utujil edit
Adverb edit
ma
Veps edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *maa, from Proto-Uralic *mëxe.
Noun edit
ma
Inflection edit
Inflection of ma (inflection type 13/ma) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | ma | ||
genitive sing. | man | ||
partitive sing. | mad | ||
partitive plur. | maid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ma | mad | |
accusative | man | mad | |
genitive | man | maiden | |
partitive | mad | maid | |
essive-instructive | man | main | |
translative | maks | maikš | |
inessive | mas | maiš | |
elative | maspäi | maišpäi | |
illative | maha | maihe | |
adessive | mal | ||
ablative | malpäi | mailpäi | |
allative | male | maile | |
abessive | mata | maita | |
comitative | manke | maidenke | |
prolative | madme | maidme | |
approximative I | manno | maidenno | |
approximative II | mannoks | maidennoks | |
egressive | mannopäi | maidennopäi | |
terminative I | mahasai | maihesai | |
terminative II | malesai | mailesai | |
terminative III | massai | — | |
additive I | mahapäi | maihepäi | |
additive II | malepäi | mailepäi |
Derived terms edit
References edit
Vietnamese edit
Etymology edit
Sino-Vietnamese word from 魔. The modern Vietnamese usage of ma (“ghost”) and quỷ (“demon; ogre”) is contrary to that of Mandarin 魔 (mó, “demon”) and 鬼 (guǐ, “ghost”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
(classifier con) ma
Derived terms edit
Romanization edit
ma
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 魔
Derived terms edit
Anagrams edit
Vilamovian edit
Pronoun edit
ma
- (indefinite) one, they (indefinite third-person singular pronoun)
Vilela edit
Noun edit
ma
References edit
- Bernard Comrie, Lucía Golluscio, Language Contact and Documentation (2015, →ISBN
- Bartolomé Tavera-Acosta, En el sur: (Dialectos indígenas de Venezuela) (1907)
Warao edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
ma
- my
- Ma rahe hakaya.
- My brother runs.
- Natu ma tatutuma iji minajara? [1]
- Granny, have you not seen my wives?
- me, accusative of iné
- Ma hube abuae.
- A snake bit me.
- Ihi ma isiko naonahara? [2]
- Don't you come with me?
References edit
West Makian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ma
- (animate) third-person possessive pronoun, its
- mene me mo oma ― this is his child (literally, “this (is) he his child”)
- da kabi mo gou ― the goat's leg
Usage notes edit
The possessive pronoun ma follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as me, mi, or mo.
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
ma
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
ma
- then
- toi ipongi, ma tasagal yo ― if it rains, then I won't go
References edit
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[14], Pacific linguistics
Wolof edit
Pronoun edit
ma
- me (first-person singular object pronoun)
See also edit
Wutunhua edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Probably related to Mandarin 麼/么 (me).
Pronoun edit
ma
- what (interrogative)
Related terms edit
- mashema (“why”)
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
ma
References edit
- Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
- Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun[15], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN
Xhosa edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.
Verb edit
-̂ma
- (intransitive) to halt
- (intransitive) to stop
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms edit
Yola edit
Verb edit
ma
- Alternative form of mye (“may”)
- 1927, “THE FORTH MAN'S GRACE AFTER A SCANTY DINNER”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 137, line 2:
- When ye Lord plaase, He ma mend this,
- [When the Lord please, He may mend this,]
References edit
- Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 137
Zazaki edit
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -ma
Pronoun edit
ma
- we; us (first-person plural personal pronoun)
Zhuang edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /ma˨˦/
- Tone numbers: ma1
- Hyphenation: ma
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“dog”). Cognate with Thai หมา (mǎa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ, Lao ໝາ (mā), Lü ᦖᦱ (ṁaa), Tai Dam ꪢꪱ, Shan မႃ (mǎa), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥴ (máa), Aiton မႃ (mā), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma), Saek หม่า.
Noun edit
ma (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 𬌫 or 獁 or 𬍄 or 𰡪 or 䭾 or 庅 or 犸 or 𭸱, 1957–1982 spelling ma)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“to come”). Cognate with Thai มา (maa), Northern Thai ᨾᩣ (ma), Lao ມາ (mā), Lü ᦙᦱ (maa), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥰ (mäa), Shan မႃး (máa), Aiton မႃ (mā), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma) or 𑜉𑜡 (mā) or 𑜉𑜡𑜠 (māa).
Verb edit
ma (Sawndip forms 庲 or ⿸广末 or 么 or 麻 or ⿸广处 or 𮜃 or ⿰么馬 or ⿰㐅馬 or 𫹞 or 駡, 1957–1982 spelling ma)
See also edit
Zulu edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.
Verb edit
-má
- (intransitive) to stand, to be standing
- (intransitive) to stand still, to not move
- (intransitive) to stop, to come to a standstill, to halt
Inflection edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ma”