ma
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ma"
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
ma (plural mas)
- (astronomy, usually in the plural) Abbreviation of milli-arcsecond.
Etymology 2Edit
The sound, which parents interpret as a reference to themselves, is very commonly made by infants.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ma (plural mas, not generally used in the plural)
- (colloquial, and in direct address) mother, mama
- (colloquial) The landlady of a theater.
- 1949, Shaw Desmond, The Edwardian Story (page 322)
- […] that dear little man writing in the guestbook of the "Ma" or theatrical landlady […]
- 1949, Shaw Desmond, The Edwardian Story (page 322)
Usage notesEdit
- Often capitalized when used to refer to a specific person.
- Hey, Ma, I’d like you to meet my friend Jamie.
SynonymsEdit
terms synonymous with "ma"
TranslationsEdit
colloquial form of mother
|
ReferencesEdit
- (landlady of a theater): 1984, Jonathon Green, Newspeak.
See alsoEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Abbreviation.
NounEdit
ma
Usage notesEdit
- Usually capitalised as Ma.
Etymology 4Edit
From my.
DeterminerEdit
ma
Etymology 5Edit
From Chinese 嘛 (ma, “of course!”).[1]
ParticleEdit
- Alternative form of mah
- 1998 April 24, viken, “tcs shows”, in sg.rec.tv, Usenet:
- Singlish is acceptable in Singapore mah
- 2015 April 17, Jalelah Abu Baker, “What's the difference between 'lah' and 'lor': Poet Gwee Li Sui's take on nuances of Singlish goes viral”, in The Straits Times[2]:
- I dun have mah.
- 2017 April 30, Kim Hoh, Wong, “It Changed My Life: Migrant worker goes from painting condos to boss of own company”, in The Straits Times[3]:
- "I was already 32, so must get married mah," he says, using the Singlish word often used to express something which is obvious.
ReferencesEdit
AnagramsEdit
'Are'areEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
ReferencesEdit
- Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)
AcehneseEdit
NounEdit
ma
ReferencesEdit
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
AfarEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Afroasiatic *ma, *mi-.
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
má (bound form maa-)
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
- macá (“what?”)
ReferencesEdit
- E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “ma”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
AfrikaansEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
NounEdit
ma (plural ma's)
SynonymsEdit
AntonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
AjiëEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
ReferencesEdit
- Leenhardt, M. (1935) Vocabulaire et grammaire de la langue Houaïlou, Institut d'ethnologie. Cited in: "Houaïlou" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
- Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "Ajiø" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
AkkadianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Unknown
PronunciationEdit
- (Old Babylonian) IPA(key): /ma/
ConjunctionEdit
ma
- (enclitic) and, but
- (enclitic) used to stress single words, especially the predicate of nominal clauses
- 𒌓𒈠𒈠 ― u₄-ma-ma /ūmamma/ ― this very day
Alternative formsEdit
| Phonetic |
|---|
|
ReferencesEdit
- Black, Jeremy; George, Andrew; Postgate, Nicholas (2000), “-ma”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag
Alemannic GermanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle High German man, from Old High German man, from Proto-Germanic *mann-.
NounEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
AnaangEdit
VerbEdit
má
- to love
Further readingEdit
- Cristiane Benjamin Santos, Aspectos morfossintáticos dos pronomes pessoais em Anaan (2007)
- Bruce Connell, Lower Cross Wordlist
AnguthimriEdit
NounEdit
ma
- (Mpakwithi) man
VerbEdit
ma
- (transitive, Mpakwithi) to hear
- (transitive, Mpakwithi) to listen
ReferencesEdit
- Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 187
AromanianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin magis. Compare Romanian mai.
AdverbEdit
ma
Etymology 2Edit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
AsturianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
ma f (plural mas)
BambaraEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ma
Etymology 2Edit
VerbEdit
ma (auxiliary)
- (verbal auxiliary) marks an action which is not accomplished
- A ma na fɔlɔ
- He has not come yet
- Sirajɛ ma taa dɔgɔ la
- Siraje did not go to the market
ReferencesEdit
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
BavarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Unstressed form of mia
PronounEdit
ma
See alsoEdit
Bavarian personal pronouns
| nominative | accusative | dative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
| 1st person singular | i | — | mi | — | mia (mir) | ma | |
| 2nd person singular (informal) |
du | — | di | — | dia (dir) | da | |
| 2nd person singular (formal) |
Sie | — | Eahna | — | Eahna | — | |
| 3rd person singular | m | er | a | eahm | 'n | eahm | 'n |
| n | es, des | 's | des | 's | |||
| f | se, de | 's | se | 's | ihr | — | |
| 1st person plural | mia (mir) | ma | uns | — | uns | — | |
| 2nd person plural | eß, ihr | — | enk, eich | — | enk, eich | — | |
| 3rd person plural | se | 's | eahna | — | eahna | — | |
Big NambasEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
ma
- come
- aparvr ti aparma paua, patrahr = If they both come the day after tomorrow, wait for them.
ReferencesEdit
- Big Nambas Grammar Pacific Linguistics - G.J. Fox
BretonEdit
PronounEdit
ma
InterjectionEdit
ma
- good!
ConjunctionEdit
ma
SynonymsEdit
Cameroon PidginEdit
DeterminerEdit
ma
- Alternative spelling of my (“1st person singular possessive determiner”)
CaolanEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ma
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Vulgar Latin *mam, reduced form of Latin meam.
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
ma
ChamorroEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ma
Usage notesEdit
- ma is used solely as a subject of a transitive verb, while siha is used either as a subject of an intransitive verb or an object of a transitive verb.
See alsoEdit
Chamorro personal pronouns
| hu-type pronouns | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural inclusive | plural exclusive | |
| 1st person | hu | ta | in |
| 2nd person | un | en | |
| 3rd person | ha | ma | |
| yoʼ-type pronouns | |||
| singular | plural inclusive | plural exclusive | |
| 1st person | yoʼ | hit | ham |
| 2nd person | hao | hamyo | |
| 3rd person | gueʼ | siha | |
| emphatic pronouns | |||
| singular | plural inclusive | plural exclusive | |
| 1st person | guahu | hita | hami |
| 2nd person | hagu | hamyo | |
| 3rd person | guiya | siha | |
ReferencesEdit
- Donald M. Topping (1973) Chamorro Reference Grammar[4], Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
CimbrianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle High German māne, from Old High German māno, from Proto-West Germanic *mānō, from Proto-Germanic *mēnô (“moon”).
NounEdit
ma m
Alternative formsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Etymology 2Edit
An unstressed pronunciation of månn (“man”).
PronounEdit
ma
ReferencesEdit
- “ma” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Coatepec NahuatlEdit
NounEdit
ma
- hand.
Dama (Sierra Leone)Edit
EtymologyEdit
Related to widespread words for "mother" and related respectful terms for women across West Africa.
NounEdit
ma
ReferencesEdit
- Dalby, T. D. P. (1963), “The extinct language of Dama”, in Sierra Leone Language Review, volume 2, Freetown: Fourah Bay College, pages 50–54
DorzeEdit
NounEdit
ma
- bee (insect)
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ma f (plural ma's, diminutive maatje n)
SynonymsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Negerhollands: maa
See alsoEdit
EfikEdit
VerbEdit
má
Further readingEdit
- Bruce Connell, Lower Cross Wordlist
EstonianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Abbreviation of mina, from Proto-Finnic *minä, from Proto-Uralic *minä.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ma (genitive mu, partitive mind, long form mina)
- I (1st person singular personal pronoun)
Usage notesEdit
- Used unstressed in a sentence; when the pronoun is stressed, mina is used.
DeclensionEdit
declension of ma
See alsoEdit
Estonian personal pronouns
Further readingEdit
- ma in Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat
- ma in Raadik, M., editor (2018), Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, →ISBN
- ma in Sõnaveeb
FinnishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From maanantai.
NounEdit
ma
- Abbreviation of maanantai (“Monday”).
Etymology 2Edit
See minä.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ma
SynonymsEdit
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French ma, from Latin mea.
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
ma f
Related termsEdit
| Possessee | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||||
| Masculine | Feminine | |||||
| Possessor | Singular | First person | mon1 | ma | mes | |
| Second person | ton1 | ta | tes | |||
| Third person | son1 | sa | ses | |||
| Plural | First person | notre | nos | |||
| Second person | votre2 | vos2 | ||||
| Third person | leur | leurs | ||||
- 1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
DescendantsEdit
- Louisiana Creole: mâ
Further readingEdit
- “ma”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
FriulianEdit
EtymologyEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
ma
Havasupai-Walapai-YavapaiEdit
PronounEdit
ma
- 2nd-person singular pronoun: you
- 2nd-person plural pronoun: you
- 2nd-person singular possessive pronoun: your
- 2nd-person plural possessive pronoun: your
See alsoEdit
HawaiianEdit
PrepositionEdit
ma
HungarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Probably related to más.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
ma
- today
- 1975, Imre Kertész, Tim Wilkinson, transl., Sorstalanság, Budapest: Magvető Könyvkiadó (2016), →ISBN, page 5:
- Ma nem mentem iskolába. Azaz mentem, de csak, hogy hazakéredzkedjem az osztályfőnökömtől.
- I didn’t go to school today. Or rather, I did go, but only to ask my class teacher’s permission to take the day off.
- (attributively, before any time of day) this …… (morning etc.), to-…… (as in “tonight”)
NounEdit
ma (usually uncountable, plural mák)
DeclensionEdit
The suffixed singular forms máig, mára, mához, máról, and mától are common, while [[mát, mának, mával, máért, mában, mánál, mába, and mából#Hungarian|mát, mának, mával, máért, mában, mánál, mába, and mából]] occur mostly in a figurative sense, referring to the present time. The phrase a mai nap is commonly used in its literal sense, adding suffixes to nap instead of this term. Its plural forms are virtually non-existent.
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | ma | — |
| accusative | mát | — |
| dative | mának | — |
| instrumental | mával | — |
| causal-final | máért | — |
| translative | mává | — |
| terminative | máig | — |
| essive-formal | maként | — |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | mában | — |
| superessive | mán | — |
| adessive | mánál | — |
| illative | mába | — |
| sublative | mára | — |
| allative | mához | — |
| elative | mából | — |
| delative | máról | — |
| ablative | mától | — |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
máé | — |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
máéi | — |
Its (single- and multiple-possession) possessive forms are hardly if ever used.
| Possessive forms of ma | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | mám | — |
| 2nd person sing. | mád | — |
| 3rd person sing. | mája | — |
| 1st person plural | mánk | — |
| 2nd person plural | mátok | — |
| 3rd person plural | májuk | — |
Derived termsEdit
Expressions
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- ma in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ma in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
IdoEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from French mais, Italian ma, Portuguese and Spanish mas, all from Latin magis, from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s.
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
SynonymsEdit
- sed (archaic)
InterlinguaEdit
EtymologyEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
IstriotEdit
EtymologyEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
- but
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 68:
- Ma sulo i tuoi bai uoci, anema meîa,
- But only your beautiful eyes, oh soul of mine
- Ma sulo i tuoi bai uoci, anema meîa,
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 68:
ItalianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
See alsoEdit
NounEdit
ma f
- Abbreviation of mamma.
InterjectionEdit
ma
- (informal, emphatic) indicates emotion or emphasis
- Ma che carino! ― Oh, how cute!
- (informal) used to introduce a new topic or a question
- Ma...tu sei di Roma? ― So...you're from Rome?
Further readingEdit
- ma in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
JapaneseEdit
RomanizationEdit
ma
JarawaEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ma
- me; us (singular and plural first-person pronoun in the accusative case)
Usage notesEdit
The pronoun mi can also be used in the accusative case, but it is less common than ma. When used in possessive constructions, the choice of pronoun is largely determined by vowel harmony.
See alsoEdit
| Person | Default form | Accusative form | Prefixed form |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | mi | ma | m- |
| 2nd | ŋi | ŋa | ŋ- |
| ni | na | n- | |
| ən | ən- | ||
| 3rd | hi, əhi | hiwa | h-, hi-, ih-, he-, əh- |
| ən (for generic third-person) | |||
ReferencesEdit
- Kumar, Pramod (2012). Descriptive and Typological Study of Jarawa (PhD). Jawaharlal Nehru University. Page 76—85.
KabyleEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
KavalanEdit
AdverbEdit
ma
NounEdit
ma
Keoru-AhiaEdit
NounEdit
ma
ReferencesEdit
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
KikuyuEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
- As for Tonal Class, Benson (1964) classifies this term into Class 3 with a monosyllabic stem, together with rũkũ, and so on.
- (Kiambu)
NounEdit
ma
AdverbEdit
ma
Etymology 2Edit
ParticleEdit
- (for class 6) of
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Yukawa, Yasutoshi (1981). "A Tentative Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns: A Study of Limuru Dialect." In Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 22, 75–123.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “ma” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
LadinoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Spanish mas, from Latin magis.
ConjunctionEdit
ma (Latin spelling)
- but
- 1979 July, Moshe Shaul, “Istoria i Dezvelopamiento del Djudeo-Espaniol”, in Aki Yerushalayim[5], archived from the original on 3 December 2020, page 11:
- La primera de eyas es ke el djudeo-espaniol kontiene un grande numero de arkaizmos o sea, palavras ke eran empleadas en Espania asta el siglo XV ma ke dezparesieron dezde entonses de su vokabulario, mientres ke en el djudeo-espaniol kontinuan a existir asta oy.
- The first of them is that Judeo-Spanish contains a large number of archaisms, or rather, words that were used in Spain until the 15th century but which disappeared after then from its vocabulary, while in Judeo-Spanish they continue to be used to this day.
- 2020 January 29, Metin Delevi, “El 27 de Enero es el dia de memoria de las viktimas del Nazismo, del Olokosto…”, in Şalom[6]:
- Devemos de saver ke el antisemitizmo es una de las formas ekstremas del rasizmo ma ay otras formas de rasizmo i devemos de luchar kon todo modo forma del rasizmo.
- We must know that antisemitism is one of the extreme forms of racism, but there are other forms of racism and we must fight every form of racism.
- Synonym: ama
- why
Lala (South Africa)Edit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.
VerbEdit
-má
- to stand
Lhao VoEdit
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Lashi muì and Burmese အမွေ (a.mwe).
NounEdit
ma
ReferencesEdit
- Dr. Ola Hanson, A Dictionary of the Kachin Language (1906).
LigurianEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
LivonianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Shorter form of minā.
PronounEdit
ma
- I; first person pronoun, referring to the speaker
DeclensionEdit
Declension of ma
| singular (ikšlug) | plural (pǟgiņlug) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīv) | minā ma |
mēg meg |
| genitive (genitīv) | min | mäd |
| partitive (partitīv) | mīnda | mēḑi |
| dative (datīv) | minnõn min |
mäddõn män |
| instrumental (instrumentāl) | minkõks | mädkõks |
| illative (illatīv) | minnõ minnõz |
mēži |
| inessive (inesīv) | minsõ | mēši |
| elative (elatīv) | minstõ | mēšti |
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
Renāte Blumberga, Tapio Mäkeläinen, Karl Pajusalu (2013), Lībieši: vēsture, valoda un kultūra, Rīga: Līvõ Kultūr sidām, →ISBN
Lower SorbianEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
ma
MalteseEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
AdverbEdit
ma
- not; used to negate verbs and pronominal adverbs
- Illum ma nixrobx.
- I do not drink today.
- Qatt ma nixrob.
- I never drink. / I do not ever drink.
Usage notesEdit
- Generally used together with the negative ending -x attached to the verb or pronominal adverb. This ending is absent, however, when another negative word is used, such as qatt (“never”), ebda (“no, none”), ħadd (“nobody”), xejn (“nothing”).
Etymology 2Edit
PronounEdit
ma
- (relative) Alternative form of li (“who, which, that”), used in some fossiled expressions
- L-ewwel ma tiekol, l-għajn.
- You eat with your eyes first.
- (literally, “The first that eats is the eye.”)
- (obsolete, with comparative adjective) how (as in “how beautiful is...”)
- Synonym: kemm
- ca. 1760, G.P.F. Agius de Soldanis, Discorso tra due contadini sopra le nuove correnti:
- Rait e Sultana, u makbar u mesbahh ma hi, ma t challi hhasra, ghaliesc i enghat li t-arga mnein giet.
- Rajt is-Sultana. U ma akbar u ma isbaħ ma hi! Imma tħalli ħasra, għaliex jingħad li terġa’ mnejn ġiet.
- I saw the Sultana [a captured Turkish ship]. And how big and how beautiful she is! But is a pity, because they say she will go back to where she came from.
Derived termsEdit
MandarinEdit
RomanizationEdit
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 么
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嗎／吗
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嘛
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 㕰
ma
- Nonstandard spelling of mā.
- Nonstandard spelling of má.
- Nonstandard spelling of mǎ.
- Nonstandard spelling of mà.
Usage notesEdit
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
MaonanEdit
NounEdit
ma
MaricopaEdit
NounEdit
ma
Mbyá GuaraníEdit
AdverbEdit
ma
ParticleEdit
ma
- separates the topic from the rest of the sentence.
Middle EnglishEdit
PronounEdit
ma
- Alternative form of man (“one, you”)
MursiEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ma (Ethiopic script ማ)
ReferencesEdit
- David Turton; Moges Yigezu; Olisarali Olibui (2008), “ma”, in Mursi-English-Amharic dictionary, →ISBN, page 117
- Firew Girma Worku (2020) A grammar of Mursi, page 123
NeapolitanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin magis. Compare Italian ma, French mais.
ConjunctionEdit
ma
NefameseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Assamese মা (ma), Early Assamese মাৱ (mawo), from Prakrit 𑀫𑀸𑀬𑀸 (māyā), from Sanskrit माता (mātā).
NounEdit
ma
Nigerian PidginEdit
EtymologyEdit
DeterminerEdit
ma
North FrisianEdit
PrepositionEdit
ma
Northern NdebeleEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.
VerbEdit
-má
- to stand
InflectionEdit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Old EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *maiz. Cognate with Old Frisian mā, Old Saxon mēr, Old Dutch mēr, Old High German mēr, Old Norse meir, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃 (mais).
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
mā
AdjectiveEdit
mā (indeclinable)
- more (often + genitive)
- The Life of Saint Margaret
- Sēo hāliġe fǣmne him andswarode and cwæþ, "Nis mē ālīefed þæt iċ þē tō seċġe, for þon þū neart nā wierðe mīne stefne tō ġehīerenne. Godes bebodu iċ wille ġehīeran and ġecȳðan. And þū, dēofol, ādumba nū, for þon þe iċ nylle nān word mā of þīnum mūðe ġehīeran."
- The holy virgin answered him and said, "I’m not allowed to tell you, because you don't deserve to hear my voice. God's commandments are what I want to hear and impart. And you, demon, be quiet now, because I don't want to hear one more word out of your mouth."
- The Life of Saint Margaret
Old FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
DeterminerEdit
ma f (masculine mon, plural mes)
- my (first-person singular possessive)
DescendantsEdit
- French: ma
Old FrisianEdit
PronounEdit
ma
Old IrishEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
- Alternative spelling of má
OpaoEdit
NounEdit
ma
ReferencesEdit
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
OrokoloEdit
NounEdit
ma
ReferencesEdit
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
PhaluraEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Sanskrit म (ma, “1sg (base of oblique cases)”).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ma (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling مہ)
- I (1sg nom, subject), me (1sg direct object)
Alternative formsEdit
- máa- (Forming one phonological word with following postposition or clitic, e.g. máathe 'me, to me' with the 'to'.)
ReferencesEdit
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[7], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ma”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
PipilEdit
PronunciationEdit
ParticleEdit
mā
Usage notesEdit
- The particle ma helps disambiguating many of the subjunctive forms from the present indicative or imperative forms.
VerbEdit
-má
- Clipping of -maka.
PitjantjatjaraEdit
AdverbEdit
ma
PohnpeianEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
ma
- third-person singular present indicative of mieć
- Andrzej ma 18 lat. ― Andrzej is 18 years old.
PronounEdit
ma
- Alternative form of moja.
Further readingEdit
- ma in Polish dictionaries at PWN
PortugueseEdit
PronunciationEdit
ContractionEdit
ma
RomaniEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀫𑀸 (mā), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀸 (mā), from Sanskrit मा (mā).
ParticleEdit
ma
- don't (prohibitive particle)
ReferencesEdit
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “māˊ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 574
- Boretzky, Norbert; Igla, Birgit (1994), “ma¹”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 172a
- Marcel Courthiade (2009), “ma (and-e rokhimàta)”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (in Hungarian; English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 231a
RomanianEdit
AdverbEdit
ma
- Obsolete form of mai.
ReferencesEdit
SalarEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
SamoanEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
PrepositionEdit
ma
SaviEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Sanskrit मया (mayā) or another form of अहम् (aham, “I”).
PronounEdit
ma
- I; first-person singular personal pronoun
ReferencesEdit
- Nina Knobloch (2020) A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan[8], Stockholm University
ScotsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle English mi, my, apocopated form of min, myn, from Old English mīn (“my, mine”), from Proto-Germanic *mīnaz (“my, mine”, pron.) (genitive of *ek (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *méynos (“my; mine”).
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
ma
Scottish GaelicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Irish má, from Proto-Celtic *mā, *ma (compare Cornish and Breton mar), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂.
ConjunctionEdit
ma
- if
- Ma tha thu ’g iarrraidh sin… ― If you want that…
Usage notesEdit
- If followed by the future tense, the relative future tense is used.
- Dèan e, ma thogras tu.
- Do it, if you want.
- In the conditional tense, instead of ma, nan/nam is used in positive sentences and mura in negative ones.
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Italian ma, reinforced by Ancient Greek μά (má); both ultimately from Latin magis.
PronunciationEdit
InterjectionEdit
mȁ (Cyrillic spelling ма̏)
- bah, whatever
- Placed at the beginning of a sentence to add intensity and surprise
- Ma kako?! ― How?!
- Ma gdje? ― Where in the world...?
- Ma da? ― Really?
- Ma to je on! ― That's definitely him!
- Placed at the beginning of a sentence to express dismissal and indignation
- Ma ne. ― No way.
- Ma daj. ― Oh come on.
- Ma kakvi. ― Impossible.
- Used to emphasize sarcasm
- Ma da!/Ma svakako!/Ma naravno! ― Yeah, sure.
- Ma nemoj. ― Oh you don't say?
- Ma nikad niste vi krivi. ― Of course it can never be your fault.
SituEdit
EtymologyEdit
ParticleEdit
ma
Further readingEdit
- M. Prins, A Grammar of rGyalrong, Jiǎomùzú (Kyom-kyo) Dialects: A Web of Relations (2016) (and earlier A Web of Relations: A Grammar of rGyalrong, Jiǎomùzú (Kyom-kyo) Dialects, 2011)
SlovakEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ma
- genitive/accusative of ja
SpanishEdit
NounEdit
ma f (plural mas)
- (Latin America) mum; mom
Further readingEdit
- “ma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
SumerianEdit
RomanizationEdit
ma
- Romanization of 𒈠 (ma)
SuriEdit
NounEdit
mà
ReferencesEdit
- 1999, Michael Bryant, Aspects of Tirmaga Grammar (in notes, as ma)
- Michael Bryant, A Brief Grammar of the Suri Language (2011) (as mà)
SwaziEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.
VerbEdit
-́ma
InflectionEdit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
TahitianEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
PrepositionEdit
ma
TairumaEdit
NounEdit
ma
- Alternative form of ma'a
ReferencesEdit
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
TàyEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key): [maː˧˧]
- (Trùng Khánh) IPA(key): [maː˦˥]
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“dog”). Cognate with Thai หมา (mǎa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ, Lao ໝາ (mā), Tai Dam ꪢꪱ, Lü ᦖᦱ (ṁaa), Shan မႃ (mǎa), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥴ (máa), Aiton မႃ (mā), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma), Zhuang ma, Saek หม่า.
NounEdit
ma (𬍄)
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Vietnamese ma.
NounEdit
ma (魔)
TeanuEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Vanikoro *ma, from Proto-Oceanic *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ma
ReferencesEdit
- François, Alexandre. 2021. Teanu dictionary (Solomon Islands). Dictionaria 15. 1-1877. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.5653063. – entry ma.
- François, Alexandre. 2021. Online Teanu–English dictionary, with equivalents in Lovono and Tanema. Electronic files. Paris: CNRS. – entry ma.
- Lackey, W.J.. & Boerger, B.H. (2021), “Reexamining the Phonological History of Oceanic's Temotu subgroup”, in Oceanic Linguistics.
TernateEdit
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
ReferencesEdit
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
ToaripiEdit
NounEdit
ma
- (Toaripi, Kaipi, Sepoe) water
ReferencesEdit
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
TokelauanEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Polynesian *ma. Cognates include Maori mā and Samoan ma.
ConjunctionEdit
ma
- Joins noun clauses; and, with
- 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau][9], page 1:
- Ko te fakavae tenei e matea i nā nuku ma kafai ona tagata e faifaimea fakatahi, ma nonofo fakatahi i te filemu ma te fiafia.
- This foundation is recognised in the villages and if its people repeatedly do things together, and they live together in peace and happiness.
- Joins verb clauses; and, also, too
- 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau][10], page 1:
- Ko te fakavae tenei e matea i nā nuku ma kafai ona tagata e faifaimea fakatahi, ma nonofo fakatahi i te filemu ma te fiafia.
- This foundation is recognised in the villages and if its people repeatedly do things together, and they live together in peace and happiness.
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Polynesian *ma.
PrepositionEdit
ma
Etymology 3Edit
PrepositionEdit
ma
ReferencesEdit
- R. Simona, editor (1986) Tokelau Dictionary[11], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 198
Tz'utujilEdit
AdverbEdit
ma
VepsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *maa, from Proto-Uralic *mëxe.
NounEdit
ma
InflectionEdit
| Inflection of ma (inflection type 13/ma) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative sing. | ma | ||
| genitive sing. | man | ||
| partitive sing. | mad | ||
| partitive plur. | maid | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | ma | mad | |
| accusative | man | mad | |
| genitive | man | maiden | |
| partitive | mad | maid | |
| essive-instructive | man | main | |
| translative | maks | maikš | |
| inessive | mas | maiš | |
| elative | maspäi | maišpäi | |
| illative | maha | maihe | |
| adessive | mal | ||
| ablative | malpäi | mailpäi | |
| allative | male | maile | |
| abessive | mata | maita | |
| comitative | manke | maidenke | |
| prolative | madme | maidme | |
| approximative I | manno | maidenno | |
| approximative II | mannoks | maidennoks | |
| egressive | mannopäi | maidennopäi | |
| terminative I | mahasai | maihesai | |
| terminative II | malesai | mailesai | |
| terminative III | massai | — | |
| additive I | mahapäi | maihepäi | |
| additive II | malepäi | mailepäi | |
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
VietnameseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Vietic *-maː (“genie; phantom; ghost; spirit”). Sino-Vietnamese word from 魔.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
(classifier con) ma
- ghost (spirit appearing after death)
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
NounEdit
(classifier con) ma
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
AnagramsEdit
VilamovianEdit
PronounEdit
ma
VilelaEdit
NounEdit
ma
ReferencesEdit
- Bernard Comrie, Lucía Golluscio, Language Contact and Documentation (2015, →ISBN
- Bartolomé Tavera-Acosta, En el sur: (Dialectos indígenas de Venezuela) (1907)
WaraoEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronounEdit
ma
- my
- Ma rahe hakaya.
- My brother runs.
- Natu ma tatutuma iji minajara? [1]
- Granny, have you not seen my wives?
- me, accusative of iné
- Ma hube abuae.
- A snake bit me.
- Ihi ma isiko naonahara? [2]
- Don't you come with me?
ReferencesEdit
West MakianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ma
- (animate) third-person possessive pronoun, its
- mene me mo oma ― this is his child (literally, “this (is) he his child”)
- da kabi mo gou ― the goat's leg
Usage notesEdit
The possessive pronoun ma follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as me, mi, or mo.
Alternative formsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
ma
Etymology 3Edit
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ma
- then
- toi ipongi, ma tasagal yo ― if it rains, then I won't go
ReferencesEdit
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[12], Pacific linguistics
WolofEdit
PronounEdit
ma
- me (first-person singular object pronoun)
See alsoEdit
WutunhuaEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Probably related to Mandarin 麼／么 (me).
PronounEdit
ma
- what (interrogative)
Related termsEdit
- mashema (“why”)
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
ma
ReferencesEdit
- Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
- Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun[13], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN
XhosaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.
VerbEdit
-̂ma
- (intransitive) to halt
- (intransitive) to stop
InflectionEdit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived termsEdit
YolaEdit
VerbEdit
ma
- Alternative form of mye (“may”)
- 1927, “THE FORTH MAN'S GRACE AFTER A SCANTY DINNER”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, line 2:
- When ye Lord plaase, He ma mend this,
- ——————————————————
ReferencesEdit
- Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 137
ZazakiEdit
PronunciationEdit
- Rhymes: -ma
PronounEdit
ma
- we; us (first-person plural personal pronoun)
ZhuangEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /ma˨˦/
- Tone numbers: ma1
- Hyphenation: ma
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“dog”). Cognate with Thai หมา (mǎa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ, Lao ໝາ (mā), Lü ᦖᦱ (ṁaa), Tai Dam ꪢꪱ, Shan မႃ (mǎa), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥴ (máa), Aiton မႃ (mā), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma), Saek หม่า.
NounEdit
ma (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 𬌫 or 獁 or 𬍄 or 𰡪 or 䭾 or 犸 or 𭸱, 1957–1982 spelling ma)
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“to come”). Cognate with Thai มา (maa), Northern Thai ᨾᩣ (ma), Lao ມາ (mā), Lü ᦙᦱ (maa), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥰ (mäa), Shan မႃး (máa), Aiton မႃ (mā), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma) or 𑜉𑜡 (mā) or 𑜉𑜡𑜠 (māa).
VerbEdit
ma (Sawndip forms 庲 or ⿸广末 or 么 or 麻 or ⿸广处 or 𮜃 or ⿰㐅馬 or 𫹞 or 駡, 1957–1982 spelling ma)
See alsoEdit
ZuluEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.
VerbEdit
-má
- (intransitive) to stand, to be standing
- (intransitive) to stand still, to not move
- (intransitive) to stop, to come to a standstill, to halt
InflectionEdit
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ma”