et

See also: Appendix:Variations of "et"

Translingual

Etymology

Possibly from either an Abbreviation of English Estonian or Estonian eesti

Symbol

et

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Estonian.

English

Etymology

From Middle English et, from Old English æt, first and third person singular indicative of Old English etan (“to eat”). Doublet of ate.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛt/
• Rhymes: -ɛt

Verb

et

1. (informal, dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of ate, the simple past tense and past participle of eat
   • 1896, Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain), Tom Sawyer, Detective [2]:

     So we got to talking together while he et his breakfast.

   • 1907, O. Henry, Seats of the Haughty [3]:

     'Boss,' says the cabby, 'I et a steak in that restaurant once. If you're real hungry, I advise you to try the saddle-shops first.'

   • 1919, Bess Streeter Aldrich, A Long-Distance Call From Jim:

     Well, I don't care if he does! I can remember the time when he et a good old-fashioned supper.

   • 1937, J. R. R. Tolkien, The Hobbit:

     Yer can't expect folk to stop here for ever just to be et by you and Bert.

   • 1946 February 18, Life magazine:

     It must have been somethin’ I et!

   • 1996, Dana Lyons, "Cows with Guns":

     They eat to grow, grow to die / Die to be et at the hamburger fry.

   • 2001, Richard Williams, The Animator's Survival Kit, page 220:

     Something I et?

Anagrams

• TE, te

Albanian

Alternative forms

• etje

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *i̯et (“to set out for; to strive”). Compare Old Irish ét (“thirst”), Irish éad (“eagerness, jealousy”), Latin sitis (“thirst”), Tocharian A yat (“reach, get”). Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *eus-ti-, cognate to Greek αἰτέω (aἰtéo, “to demand, to beg”). Orel suggests Proto-Albanian *alk-ti-, drawing comparisons to Lithuanian álkti (“to be hungry”), Proto-Slavic *olkati (“id.”), and Old High German ilgi (“hunger”).

Noun

et f (indefinite plural etje, definite singular etja, definite plural etjet)

1. thirst

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin tē (accusative of tū).

Pronoun

et (proclitic, contracted t', enclitic te, contracted enclitic 't)

1. you, thee (singular, direct or indirect object)

Usage notes

• et is the reinforced (reforçada) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a consonant.

  Et perdràs. ― You'll get lost.

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi3	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
1st person majestic1	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal1	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person very formal2	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’4	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal2	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural. 2) Behaves grammatically as third person.			3) Only as object of a preposition. 4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Related terms

• te
• tu

Chuukese

Numeral

et

1. (serial counting) one

Cimbrian

Etymology

From Middle High German iezuo, ieze, iezō, from Old High German iozou, perhaps from Proto-Germanic *juta. Cognate with German itzo (modern jetzt), English yet.

Adverb

et

1. (Sette Comuni) now

   Et lóofet dar hunt et dar haazo.

   Now the dog runs, and now the hare.

Related terms

• éttor

References

• “et” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse eitt.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /et/, [ed̥]

Article

et (common en)

1. (neuter) a, an

Emilian

Etymology

From Latin tū (“you”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /et/
• Hyphenation: et

Pronoun

et (personal, nominative case)

1. you (singular)

Alternative forms

• Becomes t- before a vowel.
• Becomes -et when acting as an enclitic (after a consonant).
• Becomes -t when acting as an enclitic (after a vowel).

Related terms

Emilian personal pronouns (strong forms)

Number	Person	Gender	Disjunctive (tonic)	Nominative (subject)	Accusative (direct complement)	Dative (indirect complement)	Reflexive (-self)	Comitative (with)
Singular	First	—	mè	a	me			mêg
	Second	—	tè	et	te			têg
	Third	Masculine	ló	al		ge	se	sêg
		Feminine	lê	la
Plural	First	Masculine	nuēter	a	se			nōsk
		Feminine	nuētri
	Second	Masculine	vuēter	a	ve			vōsk
		Feminine	vuētri
	Third	Masculine	lôr	i		ge	se	sêg
		Feminine		el	li

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *että (compare Finnish että), from the same Proto-Uralic root *e- (“this”) as Hungarian ez.

Conjunction

et

1. that

   Ma tean, et sa oled julm.

   I know that you are cruel.

2. to, in order to, so that, as to

   Ma sõitsin poodi, et viina osta.

   I drove to the store to buy vodka.

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [eːʰt]

Verb

et

1. singular imperative of eta

Anagrams

• te

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈet/, [ˈe̞t̪]
• Rhymes: -et
• Syllabification^(key): et

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

et

1. second-person singular indicative of ei
2. (colloquial, Uusimaa) Alternative form of etkö.

Etymology 2

Shortened form of että.

Conjunction

et

1. (subordinating, colloquial) That.

Synonyms

• että (standard Finnish)

Anagrams

• Te, te

French

Etymology

From Middle French et, from Old French et, from Latin et.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

• Audio (France, Paris)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -e
• Homophone: ai

Conjunction

et

1. and

Usage notes

• et is never subject to liaison with a following word, i.e. the t is never pronounced.

Descendants

• Mauritian Creole: e, ek
• → English: et

Further reading

• “et”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• te

Ingrian

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈet/, [ˈe̞d]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈet/, [ˈe̞d̥]
• Rhymes: -et
• Hyphenation: et

Verb

et

1. second-person singular present of ei
   • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 32:

     Makkaa aina yksintää, siis et noise läsimää.

     Always sleep alone, so you don't get ill.

References

• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[4], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 128
• Olga I. Konkova; Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎^[5], →ISBN, page 95

Italian

Etymology

From Latin et (“and; plus”).

Pronunciation

• (before consonants) IPA^(key): /e/^*
• (before vowels) IPA^(key): /e.t‿/

Conjunction

et

1. (archaic, poetic) Alternative form of e

Further reading

• et in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Anagrams

• te, tè

Latin

Alternative forms

• &

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *éti or Proto-Indo-European *h₁eti. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔτι (éti), Sanskrit अति (ati), Old English prefix ed- (“re-”). More at ed-.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /et/, [ɛt̪]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /et/, [ɛt̪]
• Homophone: -et

Conjunction

et

1. and
2. (mathematics) plus

   Duo et duo sunt quattuor.

   Two plus two equals four.

3. (literary) though, even if

Usage notes

• When used in pairs, et...et may function like English both...and.

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:et.

Synonyms

• (and): -que
• (and): atque

Derived terms

• carpere et colligere
• de gustibus et coloribus non est disputandum
• et al, et al., et alii
• et c., et cetera
• et hoc genus omne
• et i, et i., et iam
• et seq, et seq., et seqq, et seqq.
• et tu, Brute
• et ux, et ux., et uxor
• ex aequo et bono
• lux et veritas
• urbi et orbi
• vox et praeterea nihil

Descendants

• Eastern Romance:
  • Aromanian: e
  • Romanian: e
• Franco-Provençal: et, e
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Emilian: e
  • Ligurian: e
  • Piedmontese: e
  • Romagnol: e
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Corsican: e
  • Dalmatian: e
  • Istriot: e
  • Italian: e, ed
  • Neapolitan: e
  • Sicilian: e
• Old French: et, e
  • Middle French: et
    • French: et
      • Mauritian Creole: e, ek
      • → English: et
  • Norman: et
  • Picard: et
  • Walloon: et, eyet
• Old Occitan: e
  • Occitan: e
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: e
  • Ladin: y
  • Romansch: e, ed
• Sardinian: e
• Venetian: e
• West Iberian:
  • Extremaduran: i
  • Navarro-Aragonese:
    • Aragonese: y
  • Old Leonese:
    • Asturian: y, ya
    • Leonese: y
    • Mirandese: i
  • Old Portuguese: e
    • Fala: i
    • Galician: e
    • Portuguese: e
      • Guinea-Bissau Creole: i, e
      • Indo-Portuguese: e
      • Kabuverdianu: y, i, e
      • Papiamentu: i, y
  • Old Spanish: é, e
    • Ladino: i
    • Spanish: y

See also

• ampersand

Adverb

et (not comparable)

1. also, too, besides, or likewise

   quoque

   • Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I, 1:

     Troia et huic loco nomen est

     This place too is called Troy

References

• et in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• et in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• et in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Livvi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈet/
• Hyphenation: et
• Rhymes: -et

Verb

et

1. second-person singular indicative of ei

References

• N. Gilojeva; S. Rudakova (2009) Karjalan kielen Livvin murdehen algukursu [Beginners' course of Karelian language's Livvi dialect] (in Livvi), Petrozavodsk, →ISBN, page 20
• Olga Žarinova (2012) Pagizemmo Karjalakse [Let's speak Karelian], St Petersburg, →ISBN, page 142
• Tatjana Boiko (2019), “ei”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 38

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hit. Cognate with German es, English it, Dutch het.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /et/, [ət]
  • Rhymes: -ət

Pronoun

et

1. Reduced form of hatt (“she, her; it”)

Declension

Luxembourgish personal pronouns

		nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
		str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular		ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (informal)		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (formal)		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech
3rd person singular	m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
	f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
	n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
1st person plural		mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
2nd person plural		dir	der	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech
3rd person plural		si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

Middle Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /et/, /ət/

Pronoun

et

1. Alternative form of het

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French et.

Conjunction

et

1. and

Descendants

• French: et
  • Mauritian Creole: e, ek
  • → English: et

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛt/, /ət/

Pronoun

et

1. Alternative form of it.

Declension

Middle Low German personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
1st person singular		ik (ek)	mî (mê, mik, mek)		mîn (mîner)
2nd person singular		dû	dî (dê, dik, dek)		dîn (dîner)
3rd person singular
	m	hê (hî, hie)	ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn)	ēme, em (ȫme, en)	sîn (sîner)
	n	it (et)
	f	sê (sî, sie, sü̂)		ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)
1st person plural		wî (wê, wie)	uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik)		unser (ûser)
2nd person plural		gî (jê, î)	jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik)		jûwer (ûwer)
3rd person plural		sê (sî, sie)		em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen)	ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here.

Norman

Etymology

From Old French et, from Latin et.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Jersey)

  (file)

Conjunction

et

1. (Jersey) and
   • 2013 March 1, Geraint Jennings, “Mar martello”, in The Town Crier‎^[6], page 20:

     Dans les clios étout nou vait des tracteurs et des machinnes tandi qu'lé travas du fèrmyi r'prend san rhythme coumme tréjous.

     In the fields tractors and machines can be seen too as farm work picks up again as always.

Noun

et m (plural ets)

1. (Jersey) ampersand

Synonyms

• ampèrsand

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse eitt, the nominative and accusative form of einn. The indefinite article was not used in Old Norse and was likely an influence from other Germanic languages.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /ɛt/

Article

et n (neuter indefinite article used with neuter nouns)

1. a, an (the neuter indefinite article)

Related terms

• ei (feminine indefinite article)
• en (masculine indefinite article)
• ett (neuter form of cardinal number)

See also

• eit (Nynorsk) (neuter indefinite article)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eːt/

Verb

et

1. imperative of ete

References

• “et” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

et

1. present tense of eta
2. imperative of eta

Old French

Alternative forms

• e

Etymology

From Latin et.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/
  • The t in this word is merely an adoption of the Latin spelling and was never actually pronounced in Old French.

Conjunction

et

1. and
   • c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

     Blanches et verz, bloes et jaunes

     Whites and greens, blues and yellows.

Descendants

• Middle French: et
  • French: et
    • Mauritian Creole: e, ek
    • → English: et
• Norman: et
• Picard: et
• Walloon: et, eyet

Old Norse

Verb

et

1. inflection of eta:
   1. first-person singular present active indicative
   2. second-person singular present active imperative

Pipil

Etymology

Compare Classical Nahuatl etl (“bean”).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): /ˈet/

Noun

et (plural ehet)

1. bean

   Xiccohua et pal ticmanat mozta

   Buy beans to boil tomorrow

Salar

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *et. Cognate with Turkish et.

Pronunciation

• (Jiezi, Gaizi, Chahandusi, Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA^(key): [eʰt]
• (Ili, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA^(key): [eʰtʰ]
• (Jiezi, Gaizi, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA^(key): [æt]
• (Jiezi, Gaizi, Qingshui, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA^(key): [et]

Noun

et

1. meat, flesh

References

• Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “ät, e't, et”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 300, 328
• Ma, Chengjun; Han, Lianye; Ma, Weisheng (December 2010), “et”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary], 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 105
• Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “eʰt”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon, Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 90

Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *ēt-, cognate with Turkish etmek.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [etʰ]

Verb

et

1. to do, make

Related terms

• dovu et- (“to pray”)

References

• Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “e‘t, e‘c, ec, eʒ‘...”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 328
• 林 (Lin), 莲云 (Lianyun) (1985), “et-”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 24
• Ma, Chengjun; Han, Lianye; Ma, Weisheng (December 2010), “et-”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary], 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 106
• 马伟 (Ma Wei), 朝克 (Chao Ke) (2016), “et-”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages ​​- Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 国家社会科学基金项目 (National Social Science Foundation Project)

Saterland Frisian

Alternative forms

• 't

Etymology

From Old Frisian et, hit, from Proto-Germanic *hit. Cognates include West Frisian it and Dutch het.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ət/
• Hyphenation: et

Pronoun

et

1. unstressed form of dät (“it”)

Derived terms

• sjooët

 

See also

Saterland Frisian personal pronouns

	singular					plural
	1st	2nd	3rd m	3rd f	3rd n	1st	2nd	3rd
stressed	iek	du	hie	ju	dät	wie	jie	jo
unstressed			er	ze	et			ze
objective	mie	die	him	hier	dät	uus	jou	hier

References

• Marron C. Fort (2015), “et”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Scots

Noun

et (plural ets)

1. Shetland form of aet

References

• “et, n.²” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.

Semai

Pronoun

et

1. they (3rd person plural pronoun)

Synonyms

• mambééq (Bota)
• ennaay

See also

Semai personal pronouns

			singular	dual	plural
1st person			èng	jaar (exclusive) haar (inclusive)	jiiq (exclusive) hiiq (inclusive)
2nd person			hèq / hèèq	je'oot, jerkeeq, kééq	keeq, ngkeeq / ngkééq
3rd person			ijii, kééq / keeq	ubay / ubaay	et, ennaay, mambééq

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin et.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈet/ [ˈet̪]
• Rhymes: -et
• Syllabification: et

Noun

et m (plural ets)

1. ampersand

   Synonym: y comercial

Further reading

• “et”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English eight.

Numeral

et

1. eight

Usage notes

Used when counting; see also etpela.

Turkish

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish ات‎ (et, “meat, flesh, pulp”), from Proto-Turkic *et (“meat”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /et/

Noun

et (definite accusative eti, plural etler)

1. The muscle and fat tissue in humans and animals; meat, flesh.
2. The muscle tissue in animals used as food.
3. Bare skin on body.
4. The soft, edible part of a fruit between the skin and the core.

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	et
Definite accusative	eti
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	et	etler
Definite accusative	eti	etleri
Dative	ete	etlere
Locative	ette	etlerde
Ablative	etten	etlerden
Genitive	etin	etlerin
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular etim etlerim 2nd singular etin etlerin 3rd singular eti etleri 1st plural etimiz etlerimiz 2nd plural etiniz etleriniz 3rd plural etleri etleri Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular etimi etlerimi 2nd singular etini etlerini 3rd singular etini etlerini 1st plural etimizi etlerimizi 2nd plural etinizi etlerinizi 3rd plural etlerini etlerini Dative Singular Plural 1st singular etime etlerime 2nd singular etine etlerine 3rd singular etine etlerine 1st plural etimize etlerimize 2nd plural etinize etlerinize 3rd plural etlerine etlerine Locative Singular Plural 1st singular etimde etlerimde 2nd singular etinde etlerinde 3rd singular etinde etlerinde 1st plural etimizde etlerimizde 2nd plural etinizde etlerinizde 3rd plural etlerinde etlerinde Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular etimden etlerimden 2nd singular etinden etlerinden 3rd singular etinden etlerinden 1st plural etimizden etlerimizden 2nd plural etinizden etlerinizden 3rd plural etlerinden etlerinden Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular etimin etlerimin 2nd singular etinin etlerinin 3rd singular etinin etlerinin 1st plural etimizin etlerimizin 2nd plural etinizin etlerinizin 3rd plural etlerinin etlerinin

Derived terms

• etli
• etobur
• etçil
• etyemez
• et suyu
• et kafalı

Etymology 2

Verb

et

1. second-person singular imperative of etmek

Further reading

• et in Turkish dictionaries at Türk Dil Kurumu

Uzbek

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *et.

Noun

et (plural etlar)

1. flesh
2. meat

Veps

Verb

et

1. second-person plural present of ei

Walloon

Alternative forms

• eyet

Etymology

From Old French et.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/

• Audio

  (file)

Conjunction

et

1. and

Yola

Conjunction

et

1. Alternative form of at (“that?”)

References

• Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 38