et
See also: Appendix:Variations of "et"
Contents
TranslingualEdit
InitialismEdit
et
- (airlines) Ethiopian Airlines' IATA airline designator
- (climate) Tundra climate's Köppen climate classification
- (Internet) .et, the country code top level domain (ccTLD) for Ethiopia
- (ISO) Estonian language's ISO 639 code
- (ISO) Ethiopia's ISO 3166-1 country code
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From French et, in turn from Latin et
ConjunctionEdit
et
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
VerbEdit
et
- (colloquial or dialectal) simple past tense and past participle of eat
- 1896, Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain), Tom Sawyer, Detective [1]:
- So we got to talking together while he et his breakfast.
- 1907, O. Henry, Seats of the Haughty [2]:
- 'Boss,' says the cabby, 'I et a steak in that restaurant once. If you're real hungry, I advise you to try the saddle-shops first.'
- 1919, Bess Streeter Aldrich, A Long-Distance Call From Jim:
- Well, I don't care if he does! I can remember the time when he et a good old-fashioned supper.
- 1937, J. R. R. Tolkien, The Hobbit:
- Yer can't expect folk to stop here for ever just to be et by you and Bert.
- 1946 February 18, Life magazine:
- It must have been somethin’ I et!
- 1996, Dana Lyons, "Cows with Guns":
- They eat to grow, grow to die / Die to be et at the hamburger fry.
- 2001, Richard Williams, The Animator's Survival Kit, page 220:
- Something I et?
- 1896, Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain), Tom Sawyer, Detective [1]:
AnagramsEdit
AlbanianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *i̯et 'to set out for; to strive'. Compare Old Irish ét (“thirst”), Irish éad (“eagerness, jealousy”), Latin sitis (“thirst”), Tocharian A yat (“reach, get”). Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *eus-ti-, cognate to Greek αἰτέω (aἰtéo, “to demand, to beg”).
NounEdit
et f (indefinite plural etje, definite singular etja, definite plural etjet)
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin tē (accusative of tū), from Proto-Indo-European *twé, *te, accusative of *túh₂ (“you”).
PronounEdit
et (proclitic, contracted t', enclitic te, contracted enclitic 't)
DeclensionEdit
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
Related termsEdit
ChuukeseEdit
DanishEdit
EmilianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
et (personal, nominative case)
- you (singular)
Alternative formsEdit
- Becomes t- before a vowel.
- Becomes -et when acting as an enclitic (after a consonant).
- Becomes -t when acting as an enclitic (after a vowel).
Related termsEdit
Emilian personal pronouns (strong forms)
| Number | Person | Gender | Disjunctive (tonic) |
Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Reflexive (-self) |
Comitative (with) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | — | mè | a | me | mêg | ||
| Second | — | tè | et | te | têg | |||
| Third | Masculine | ló | al | ge | se | sêg | ||
| Feminine | lê | la | ||||||
| Plural | First | Masculine | nuēter | a | se | nōsk | ||
| Feminine | nuētri | |||||||
| Second | Masculine | vuēter | a | ve | vōsk | |||
| Feminine | vuētri | |||||||
| Third | Masculine | lôr | i | ge | se | sêg | ||
| Feminine | el | li | ||||||
EstonianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *että (compare Finnish että), from the same Proto-Uralic root *e- (“this”) as Hungarian ez
ConjunctionEdit
et
FaroeseEdit
FinnishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
VerbEdit
et
- The second-person singular form of the negation verb. The English translations include do not/don’t and not (with auxiliary verbs and be).
Usage notesEdit
- The negative verb is used with the connegative form of the main verb. That form is identical to the second-person singular imperative in the indicative present. The potential mood connegative ends in the marker for the mood, -ne-, and the conditional mood connegative ends in the marker for the mood, -isi-. In the indicative past, conditional past and potential past, the active past participle singular (ending -ut/-yt) is used. The connegative form of the main verb is always used without the personal suffix.
- Usage of et:
- Indicative:
- Conditional:
- Sinä näkisit. (You would see.) -> Sinä et näkisi. (You would not see.)
- Sinä olisit nähnyt. (You would have seen.) -> Sinä et olisi nähnyt. (You would not have seen.)
- Potential:
- Sinä nähnet. (You probably see.) -> Sinä et nähne. (You probably do not see.)
- Sinä lienet nähnyt. (You have probably seen.) -> Sinä et liene nähnyt. (You have probably not seen.)
ConjugationEdit
- The negation verb has no infinitive form.
- Indicative, conditional and potential moods use the indicative forms (stem e-), for which the verb is conjugated only in person.
- In the imperative mood the negation verb has the stem äl-.
- An archaic optative mood exists and is used mainly in poetry.
Etymology 2Edit
Shortened form of että.
ConjunctionEdit
et
- (subordinating, colloquial) That.
SynonymsEdit
- että (standard Finnish)
AnagramsEdit
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
et
Usage notesEdit
- et is never subject to liaison with a following word.
Further readingEdit
- “et” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
AnagramsEdit
ItalianEdit
LatinEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Indo-European *éti. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔτι (éti), Sanskrit अति (ati), Old English prefix ed- (“anew, again”). More at ed-.
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
et
- and
- (mathematics) plus
- Duo et duo sunt quattuor.
- Two plus two equals four.
- Duo et duo sunt quattuor.
- (literary) though, even if
Usage notesEdit
QuotationsEdit
- For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:et.
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Aragonese: y
- Aromanian: e
- Asturian: y, ya
- Catalan: i
- Corsican: e
- Dalmatian: e
- Extremaduran: i
- Fala: i, y, e
- Franco-Provençal: et, e
- French: et
- Friulian: e
- Galician: e
- Guinea-Bissau Creole: i, e
- Istriot: e
- Italian: e, ed, et
- Kabuverdianu: i, e
- Mozarabic: ed
- Neapolitan: e
- Norman: et
- Ladino: i, אי
- Leonese: y
- Ligurian: e
- Middle French: et
- Mirandese: i
- Neapolitan: e
- Occitan: e
- Old French: e, et
- Old Occitan: e
- Old Spanish: e
- Papiamentu: i
- Picard: et
- Piedmontese: e
- Portuguese: e
- Romagnol: e
- Romanian: e
- Romansch: e, ed
- Sardinian: e
- Sicilian: e
- Spanish: e, y
- Venetian: e
- Walloon: et
See alsoEdit
AdverbEdit
et (not comparable)
ReferencesEdit
- et in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- et in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- et in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
- the perfect harmony of the universe: totius mundi convenientia et consensus
- the elements and first beginnings: elementa et tamquam semina rerum
- gravity: nutus et pondus or simply nutus (ῥοπή)
- rough and hilly ground: loca aspera et montuosa (Planc. 9. 22)
- ebb and flow (of tide): accessus et recessus aestuum
- the alternation of tides: aestus maritimi mutuo accedentes et recedentes (N. D. 2. 53. 132)
- there is a storm at sea: mare ventorum vi agitatur et turbatur
- temperate climate: aer calore et frigore temperatus
- the regular courses of the stars: motus stellarum constantes et rati
- the star-lit sky; the firmament: caelum astris distinctum et ornatum
- to be able to bear heat and cold: aestus et frigoris patientem esse
- to be situate to the north-west: spectare inter occasum solis et septentriones
- to be separated by an immense interval of space and time: intervallo locorum et temporum disiunctum esse
- hither and thither: huc (et) illuc
- twenty years and more: viginti anni et amplius, aut plus
- night and day: noctes diesque, noctes et dies, et dies et noctes, dies noctesque, diem noctemque
- one or two days: unus et alter dies
- to draw every one's eyes upon one: omnium oculos (et ora) ad se convertere
- to see clearly, distinctly: cernere et videre aliquid
- to allay one's hunger, thirst: famem sitimque depellere cibo et potione
- to be able to endure hunger and thirst: famis et sitis patientem esse
- to have a severe attack of fever: aestu et febri iactari
- according to circumstances: pro tempore et pro re
- cause and effect: causae rerum et consecutiones
- source, origin: fons et caput (vid. sect. III., note caput...)
- quite accidentally, fortuitously: temere et fortuito; forte (et) temere
- when life runs smoothly: in rebus prosperis et ad voluntatem fluentibus
- the changes and chances of this life: ancipites et varii casus
- to be at the beck and call of another; to be his creature: totum se fingere et accommodare ad alicuius arbitrium et nutum
- to entreat earnestly; to make urgent requests: orare et obsecrare aliquem
- to know from hearsay: auditione et fama accepisse aliquid
- to pay respect to, be courteous to a person: aliquem colere et observare (Att. 2. 19)
- the matter involves much labour and fatigue: res est multi laboris et sudoris
- to exert oneself very considerably in a matter: desudare et elaborare in aliqua re (De Senect. 11. 38)
- to lose one's labour: operam (et oleum) perdere or frustra consumere
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: contendere et laborare, ut
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut
- to grow slack with inactivity, stagnate: (in) otio languere et hebescere
- to abandon oneself to inactivity and apathy: desidiae et languori se dedere
- to abandon oneself to inactivity and apathy: ignaviae et socordiae se dare
- to pass one's life in luxury and idleness: per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agere
- natural gifts: natura et ingenium
- absolutely perfect: absolutus et perfectus
- to bring to the highest perfection: perficere et absolvere
- ideal perfection: absolutio et perfectio (not summa perfectio)
- an ideal: undique expleta et perfecta forma
- to distinguish true and false: vera et falsa (a falsis) diiudicare
- to banish an error, do away with a false impression: errorem amputare et circumcīdere
- to give a person the advantage of one's advice (and actual support): aliquem consilio (et re) iuvare
- vivid recollection: memoria et recordatio
- many learned men; many scholars: multi viri docti, or multi et ii docti (not multi docti)
- to have a thorough grasp of a subject: penitus percipere et comprehendere aliquid (De Or. 1. 23. 108)
- profound scientific education: litterae interiores et reconditae, artes reconditae
- to be quite uncivilised: omnis cultus et humanitatis expertem esse
- to be quite uncivilised: ab omni cultu et humanitate longe abesse (B. G. 1. 1. 3)
- to do a thing which is not one's vocation, which goes against the grain: adversante et repugnante natura or invitā Minervā (ut aiunt) aliquid facere (Off. 1. 31. 110)
- standard and pattern: auctoritas et exemplum (Balb. 13. 31)
- those ideas have long ago been given up: illae sententiae iam pridem explosae et eiectae sunt (Fin. 5. 8. 23)
- logic, dialectic: dialectica (-ae or -orum) (pure Latin disserendi ratio et scientia)
- an accomplished dialectician: disserendi peritus et artifex
- moral science; ethics: philosophia, quae est de vita et moribus (Acad. 1. 5. 19)
- moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur
- system: ratio; disciplina, ratio et disciplina; ars
- to systematise: ad rationem, ad artem et praecepta revocare aliquid (De Or. 1. 41)
- systematic, methodical knowledge: ratio et doctrina
- to give a scientific explanation of a thing: artificio et via tradere aliquid
- to proceed, carry on a discussion logically: ratione et via, via et ratione progredi, disputare (Or. 33. 116)
- logical consistency: perpetuitas et constantia (Tusc. 5. 10. 31)
- to analyse a general division into its specific parts: genus universum in species certas partiri et dividere (Or. 33. 117)
- minute, captious subdivisions and definitions: spinae partiendi et definiendi (Tusc. 5. 8. 22)
- to determine the nature and constitution of the subject under discussion: constituere, quid et quale sit, de quo disputetur
- to be closely connected with each other: conexum et aptum esse inter se
- systematic succession, concatenation: continuatio seriesque rerum, ut alia ex alia nexa et omnes inter se aptae colligataeque sint (N. D. 1. 4. 9)
- all are unanimous: una et consentiens vox est
- to observe the chronological order of events: servare et notare tempora
- instrumental music: nervorum et tibiarum cantus
- vocal and instrumental music: vocum et fidium (nervorum) cantus
- statues and pictures: signa et tabulae (pictae)
- to be a ready, fluent speaker: facilem et expeditum esse ad dicendum (Brut. 48. 180)
- a carefully prepared speech: oratio accurata et polita
- to be never at a loss for something to say: solutum et expeditum esse ad dicendum
- an easy, fluent style: expedita et facile currens oratio
- pure, correct language: oratio pura, pura et emendata
- a full and copious style of speech: ubertas (not divitiae) et copia orationis
- abundance of material: materia rerum et copia uberrima
- abundance of material: infinita et immensa materia
- to indulge in apt witticisms: facete et commode dicere
- a short, pointed witticism: breviter et commode dictum
- to be now jesting, now in earnest: ioca et seria agere
- the ordinary usage of language, everyday speech: sermo familiaris et cotidianus
- incorrect usage: consuetudo vitiosa et corrupta (opp. pura et incorrupta) sermonis
- the fundamental meaning of a word: vis et notio verbi, vocabuli
- the word aemulatio is employed with two meanings, in a good and a bad sense: aemulatio dupliciter dicitur, ut et in laude et in vitio hoc nomen sit
- to study Plato: Platonem legere et cognoscere
- correspondence: litterae missae et allatae
- to be in correspondence with..: litteras inter se dare et accipere
- to feel acute pain: doloribus premi, angi, ardere, cruciari, distineri et divelli
- to be completely prostrated by fear: metu fractum et debilitatum, perculsum esse
- to show a brisk and cheerful spirit: alacri et erecto animo esse
- to inspire the spiritless and prostrate with new vigour: excitare animum iacentem et afflictum (opp. frangere animum)
- to be cast down, discouraged, in despair: animo esse humili, demisso (more strongly animo esse fracto, perculso et abiecto) (Att. 3. 2)
- hope is vanishing by degrees: spes extenuatur et evanescit
- somebody's darling: amores et deliciae alicuius
- to be some one's favourite: in amore et deliciis esse alicui (active in deliciis habere aliquem)
- having exchanged pledges, promises: fide data et accepta (Sall. Iug. 81. 1)
- to make virtue the standard in every thought and act: omnia consilia et facta ad virtutem referre (Phil. 10. 10. 20)
- to eradicate vice: vitia exstirpare et funditus tollere
- to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations: sibi imperare or continere et coercere se ipsum
- to kill with violence: vim et manus afferre alicui (Catil. 1. 8. 21)
- to threaten some one with death, crucifixion, torture, war: minitari (minari) alicui mortem, crucem et tormenta, bellum
- by the aid of fraud and lies: dolis et fallaciis (Sall. Cat. 11. 2)
- we are united by many mutual obligations: multa et magna inter nos officia intercedunt (Fam. 13. 65)
- the Furies harass and torment some one: Furiae agitant et vexant aliquem
- thought and deed: consilia et facta (cf. sect. X. 1, note For 'thoughts and deeds'...)
- character: natura et mores; vita moresque; indoles animi ingeniique; or simply ingenium, indoles, natura, mores
- inconsistency; changeability: mobilitas et levitas animi
- heavenly things; earthly things: supera et caelestia; humana et citerioria
- belief in God is part of every one's nature: omnibus innatum est et in animo quasi insculptum esse deum
- with incense and perfumes: ture et odoribus incensis
- to profane sacred rites: sacra polluere et violare
- to fight for hearth and home: pro aris et focis pugnare, certare, dimicare
- to change one's clothes (and shoes): vestimenta (et calceos) mutare
- to take only enough food to support life: tantum cibi et potionis adhibere quantum satis est
- interchange of ideas; conversation: commercium loquendi et audiendi
- a safe journey to you: bene ambula et redambula
- imports and exports: res, quae importantur et exportantur
- account-book; ledger: codex or tabulae ratio accepti et expensi
- the account of receipts and expenditure: ratio acceptorum et datorum (accepti et expensi) (Amic. 16. 58)
- credit and financial position: fides et ratio pecuniarum
- the constitution: instituta et leges
- to give the state a constitution: rem publicam legibus et institutis temperare (Tusc. 1. 1. 2)
- to devote one's every thought to the state's welfare: omnes curas et cogitationes in rem publicam conferre
- to devote oneself body and soul to the good of the state: totum et animo et corpore in salutem rei publicae se conferre
- high and low: summi (et) infimi (Rep. 1. 34. 53)
- people of every rank and age: homines omnium ordinum et aetatum
- a citizen of the world; cosmopolitan: mundanus, mundi civis et incola (Tusc. 5. 37)
- to proscribe a person, declare him an outlaw: aqua et igni interdicere alicui
- civil and military offices: magistratus et imperia (Sall. Iug. 3. 1)
- men of rank and dignity: viri clari et honorati (De Sen. 7. 22)
- justly and equitably: ex aequo et bono (Caecin. 23. 65)
- to isolate a witness: aliquem a ceteris separare et in arcam conicere ne quis cum eo colloqui possit (Mil. 22. 60)
- to keep good discipline amongst one's men: milites coercere et in officio continere (B. C. 1. 67. 4)
- by force of arms: vi et armis
- to surround a town with a rampart and fosse: oppidum cingere vallo et fossa
- with wife and child: cum uxoribus et liberis
- to have recourse to force of arms: ad vim et arma descendere (vid. sect. V. 9, note Similarly...)
- fresh troops relieve the tired men: integri et recentes defatigatis succedunt
- to utterly rout the enemy: caedere et fundere hostem
- to utterly rout the enemy: fundere et fugare hostem
- after many had been wounded on both sides: multis et illatis et acceptis vulneribus (B. G. 1. 50)
- to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion: sub imperio et dicione alicuius esse
- a dead calm: malacia et tranquillitas (B. G. 3. 15)
- not to be diffuse on such a well-known subject: ne in re nota et pervulgata multus sim
- it is quite manifest: apparet et exstat
- quite rightly: et recte (iure, merito)
- quite rightly: et recte (iure) quidem
- the perfect harmony of the universe: totius mundi convenientia et consensus
LuxembourgishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *hit. Cognate with German es, English it, Dutch het.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
et
- Reduced form of of hatt (“she, her; it”)
DeclensionEdit
Luxembourgish personal pronouns
| nominative | accusative | dative | reflexive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | |||
| 1st person singular | ech | — | mech | — | mir | mer | like dat. and acc. | |
| 2nd person singular (informal) |
du | de | dech | — | dir | der | like dat. and acc. | |
| 2nd person singular (formal) |
Dir | Der | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | |
| 3rd person singular (m) | hien | en | hien | en | him | em | sech | |
| 3rd person singular (f) | si | se | si | se | hir | er | sech | |
| 3rd person singular (n) | hatt | et ('t) | hatt | et ('t) | him | em | sech | |
| 1st person plural | mir | mer | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | |
| 2nd person plural | dir | der | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | |
| 3rd person plural | si | se | si | se | hinnen | en | sech | |
Middle DutchEdit
Middle FrenchEdit
Middle Low GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
et
- Alternative form of it.
DeclensionEdit
Middle Low German personal pronouns
| nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | ik (ek) | mî (mê, mik, mek) | mîn (mîner) | ||
| 2nd person singular | dû | dî (dê, dik, dek) | dîn (dîner) | ||
| 3rd person singular | |||||
| m | hê (hî, hie) | ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) | ēme, em (ȫme, en) | sîn (sîner) | |
| n | it (et) | ||||
| f | sê (sî, sie, sü̂) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | |||
| 1st person plural | wî (wê, wie) | uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) | unser (ûser) | ||
| 2nd person plural | gî (jê, î) | jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) | jûwer (ûwer) | ||
| 3rd person plural | sê (sî, sie) | em, öm, jüm (en; ehnen, ohnen, öhnen) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | ||
|
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here. | |||||
NormanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French et, from Latin et.
PronunciationEdit
Audio (Jersey) (file)
ConjunctionEdit
et
NounEdit
et m (plural ets)
SynonymsEdit
Norwegian BokmålEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Norse eitt, the nominative and accusative form of einn. Keep in mind the indefinite article was not used in Old Norse and was likely an influence from other Germanic languages.
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
et n (neuter indefinite article used with neuter nouns)
- a, an (the two English language indefinite articles; Old English had three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter like modern Bokmål and Nynorsk)
Related termsEdit
- ei (feminine indefinite article)
- en (masculine indefinite article)
- ett (neuter form of cardinal number)
See alsoEdit
- eit (Nynorsk) (neuter indefinite article)
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
et
- imperative of ete
ReferencesEdit
- “et” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
NovialEdit
Old FrenchEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
ConjunctionEdit
et
- and
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- Blanches et verz, bloes et jaunes
- Whites and greens, blues and yellows.
- Blanches et verz, bloes et jaunes
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
PipilEdit
EtymologyEdit
Compare Classical Nahuatl etl (“bean”)
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ēt (plural ejēt)
- bean
- Shikua et pal titamanat musta
- Buy beans to cook tomorrow
Saterland FrisianEdit
SpanishEdit
Tok PisinEdit
TurkishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Turkic et (“meat”), from Proto-Turkic *et (“meat”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
et (definite accusative eti, plural etler)
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | et | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definite accusative | eti | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nominative | et | etler | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definite accusative | eti | etleri | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dative | ete | etlere | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Locative | ette | etlerde | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ablative | etten | etlerden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | etin | etlerin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||