ei
Contents
- 1 Classical Nahuatl
- 2 Dutch
- 3 Estonian
- 4 Faroese
- 5 Finnish
- 6 Gothic
- 7 Icelandic
- 8 Ingrian
- 9 Italian
- 10 Japanese
- 11 Karelian
- 12 Kott
- 13 Latin
- 14 Latvian
- 15 Limburgish
- 16 Malasanga
- 17 Mandarin
- 18 Middle Dutch
- 19 Middle English
- 20 Norwegian Bokmål
- 21 Norwegian Nynorsk
- 22 Old High German
- 23 Old Portuguese
- 24 Old Saxon
- 25 Papiamentu
- 26 Portuguese
- 27 Romanian
- 28 Sabu
- 29 Scots
- 30 Veps
- 31 Welsh
Classical NahuatlEdit
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch ei, from Old Dutch *ei, from Proto-Germanic *ajjaz, a West Germanic variety of *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ei n (plural eieren, diminutive eitje n)
- egg
- Wie kookte deze eieren? or more common: Wie heeft deze eieren gekookt? — Who boiled these eggs?
Derived termsEdit
AnagramsEdit
EstonianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From the Proto-Finno-Ugric negative verb stem *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a-. Cognates include Finnish ei and Northern Sami ii.
AdverbEdit
ei
- no (a negating expression)
AntonymsEdit
VerbEdit
ei
- (auxiliary verb) don't, doesn't, not: used in negative forms of non-imperative verbs. Ma ei tea. I don't know. (Compare: Ma tean. I know.)
Usage notesEdit
The verb follows the word ei.
In the present tense indicative, the form of the verb coincides with the imperative of the second person singular. In past tenses indicative, the form of the verb is personal past participle. In the conditional mood, the form of the verb coincides with third person singular conditional in the present tense or the past tense. In the indirect mood, the form of the verb is the indirect form.
Derived termsEdit
FaroeseEdit
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finno-Ugric negative verb stem *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a-. Cognates include Estonian ei and Northern Sami ii.
PronunciationEdit
InterjectionEdit
ei
- no (a negating expression)
AntonymsEdit
VerbEdit
ei
- The third-person singular form of the negation verb, used also with impersonal verb forms (see the usage in passive below). The English translations include don’t, doesn’t, not (with auxiliary verbs and be), and no.
Usage notesEdit
- The negation verb is used with the connegative form of the main verb. That form is identical to the second-person singular imperative in the indicative present. The potential mood connegative ends in the marker for the mood, -ne-, and the conditional mood connegative ends in the marker for the mood, -isi-. In the indicative past, conditional past and potential past, the active past participle singular (ending -ut/-yt) is used. The connegative form of the main verb is always used without the personal suffix.
- Usage of ei in active:
- Indicative:
- Conditional:
- Hän näkisi. (She/He would see.) → Hän ei näkisi. (She/He would not see.)
- Hän olisi nähnyt. (She/He would have seen.) → Hän ei olisi nähnyt. (She/He would not have seen.)
- Potential:
- Hän nähnee. (She/He probably sees.) → Hän ei nähne. (She/He probably does not see.)
- Hän lienee nähnyt. (She/He has probably seen.) → Hän ei liene nähnyt. (She/He has probably not seen.)
- The passive is construed with ei and by dropping the two last letters (indicative -an / -än, conditional -in, potential -en) from the impersonal verb form. In the past of all the three moods, ei is used with the passive past participle singular (ending -tu / -ty):
- Usage of ei in passive (i.e., in sentences where the impersonal verb form is used):
- Indicative:
- Hänet/Minut/Meidät nähdään. (S/he is / I am / We are seen.) → Häntä/Minua/Meitä ei nähdä. (S/he is / I am / We are not seen.)
- Hänet/Minut/Meidät nähtiin. (S/he was / I was / We were seen.) → Häntä/Minua/Meitä ei nähty. (S/he was / I was / We were not seen.)
- Hänet/Minut/Meidät on nähty. (S/he has / I have / We have been seen.) → Häntä/Minua/Meitä ei ole nähty. (S/He has / I have / We have not been seen.)
- Hänet/Minut/Meidät oli nähty. (S/he / I / We had been seen.) → Häntä/Minua/Meitä ei ollut nähty. (S/he / I / We had not been seen.)
- Conditional:
- Hänet/Minut/Meidät nähtäisiin. (S/he / I / We would be seen.) → Häntä/Minua/Meitä ei nähtäisi. (S/he / I / We would not be seen.)
- Hänet/Minut/Meidät olisi nähty. (S/he / I / We would have been seen.) → Häntä/Minua/Meitä ei olisi nähty. (S/he / I / We would not have been seen.)
- Potential:
- Hänet/Minut/Meidät nähtäneen. (S/he is / I am / We are probably seen.) → Häntä/Minua/Meitä ei nähtäne. (S/he is / I am / We are probably not seen.)
- Hänet/Minut/Meidät lienee nähty. (S/he has / I have / We have probably been seen.) → Häntä/Minua/Meitä ei liene nähty. (S/he has / I have / We have probably not been seen.)
- Note that the accusative objects (e.g. minut, sinut, hänet, meidät, teidät, heidät), the genitive-looking accusative objects singular (talon, kissan, koiran) and the nominative-looking accusative objects plural (talot, kissat, koirat) are never used in a sentence together with the negative verb – in these cases, the partitive is used:
- Hän näkee koiran (accusative). (S/he sees a dog.) → Hän ei näe koiraa (partitive). (S/he does not see a dog.)
- Hän näkee naiset (accusative). (S/he sees the women.) → Hän ei näe naisia (partitive). (S/he does not see women/the women)
ConjugationEdit
- The negation verb has no infinitive form.
- Indicative, conditional and potential moods use the indicative forms (stem e-), for which the verb is conjugated only in person.
- In the imperative mood the negation verb has the stem äl-.
- An archaic optative mood exists and is used mainly in poetry.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
GothicEdit
IcelandicEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Norse ei. A clipping of eigi, from Proto-Germanic *ni aiw-gin (“never”), from *ne, *ni (“not”) + *aiw (“always, for ever”) + *-gin. Not related to Finnish ei (“no”).
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
ei
- (archaic) not
- Örvæntið ei!
- Despair not!
- Ég veit ei hvað skal segja.
- I know not what to say.
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
See e.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ei
ReferencesEdit
- “ei” and “eigi” in: Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, 1st edition, 2nd printing (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans.
IngrianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finno-Ugric negative verb stem *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a-. Cognates include Finnish ei and Northern Sami ii.
VerbEdit
ei
ConjugationEdit
| Inflection of ei | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | |||
| 1st singular | en | ||
| 2nd singular | et | ||
| 3rd singular | ei | ||
| 1st plural | emmä | ||
| 2nd plural | että | ||
| 3rd plural | evät | ||
ItalianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Syncopated form of elli (“he”), from Vulgar Latin *illi, from Latin ille (“that”).
PronounEdit
ei m
Etymology 2Edit
Syncopated form of elli (“they”), from Latin illī (“those”).
PronounEdit
ei m pl
JapaneseEdit
KarelianEdit
KottEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔej- ("pine"). Compare Arin aja (“pine”).
NounEdit
ei (plural en)
- pine tree
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔej ("tongue"). Compare Pumpokol aj (“tongue”).
NounEdit
ei (plural ējaŋ)
LatinEdit
PronunciationEdit
InterjectionEdit
ei
- oh! (expressing alarm)
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
eī
- nominative masculine plural of is
- dative masculine singular of is
- dative feminine singular of is
- dative neuter singular of is
LatvianEdit
InterjectionEdit
ei
- used to stimulate somebody's attention
- used to express pleasure, surprise or admiration
LimburgishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch ei, from Old Dutch *ei, from Proto-Germanic *ajjaz, a West Germanic variety of *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm.
NounEdit
ei n
MalasangaEdit
NounEdit
ei
Further readingEdit
- Malcolm Ross, Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian Languages of Western Melanesia, Pacific Linguistics, series C-98 (1988)
MandarinEdit
RomanizationEdit
ei
Usage notesEdit
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Middle DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Dutch *ei, from Proto-Germanic *ajjaz, a West Germanic variety of *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm.
NounEdit
ei n
InflectionEdit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
DescendantsEdit
Further readingEdit
Middle EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old English ǣġ, from Proto-Germanic *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm. Cognate to Middle Dutch ei.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- An egg, especially of a chicken or other fowl.
SynonymsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- English: ey
ReferencesEdit
- “ei (n.(1))” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-02-23.
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
ArticleEdit
ei
PronounEdit
ei
AdverbEdit
ei
SynonymsEdit
- (not): ikke
VerbEdit
ei
- imperative of eie
Norwegian NynorskEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
ArticleEdit
ei f (masculine ein, neuter eit)
- a, an (indefinite article)
- Ei ny bok.
- A new book.
PronounEdit
ei
Etymology 2Edit
AdverbEdit
ei
SynonymsEdit
- (not): ikkje
Old High GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm. Akin to Old English ǣġ, Old Norse egg.
Further Indo-European cognates include Latin ōvum and Ancient Greek ᾠόν (ōión)
NounEdit
ei n
DescendantsEdit
- Middle High German: ei
Old PortugueseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Uncertain.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
ei
- here is, here are
- 13th century, attributed to Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, E codex, cantiga 147 (facsimile):
- eimeaca eimaca
- «ei-me aca; ei-m'aca!»
- "Here I am, here I am!"
- 13th century, attributed to Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, E codex, cantiga 147 (facsimile):
DescendantsEdit
Old SaxonEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *ajjaz, a West Germanic variant of *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm.
NounEdit
ei n
DescendantsEdit
PapiamentuEdit
PortugueseEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
AdverbEdit
ei (not comparable)
Etymology 2Edit
InterjectionEdit
ei
- hey (exclamation to get attention)
RomanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin illī, nominative masculine plural of ille.
PronounEdit
ei m pl (third-person plural, feminine equivalent ele)
- (nominative form) they (used for an all-male or mixed-sex group)
DeclensionEdit
| Nominative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ei | |||
| Accusative | |||
| stressed | unstressed | ||
| ei | îi | ||
| Genitive | |||
| one form for all numbers and genders | |||
| lor | |||
| Dative | |||
| stressed | unstressed | ||
| lor | le | ||
| Reflexive | |||
| Accusative | Dative | ||
| stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed |
| sine | se | sieși | își |
SynonymsEdit
- dumnealor (polite form)
PronounEdit
ei m (stressed accusative form of ei)
- (direct object, preceded by preposition, such as "pe", "cu", "la", or "pentru") them (all-male or mixed-sex group)
Related termsEdit
- el (third-person masculine singular)
- ea (third-person feminine singular)
- ele (third-person feminine plural)
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Vulgar Latin *illaei, from Latin illa, from ille.
PronounEdit
ei f (genitive form of ea, masculine equivalent lui, plural lor)
DeclensionEdit
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
| nominative/ accusative |
indefinite | ei | ei | ei | ei | ||
| definite | — | — | — | — | |||
| genitive/ dative |
indefinite | ei | ei | ei | ei | ||
| definite | — | — | — | — | |||
SynonymsEdit
PronounEdit
ei f (stressed dative form of ea, masculine equivalent lui, plural lor)
- to her
SynonymsEdit
- îi (unstressed form)
SabuEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *waiʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.
NounEdit
ei
- water (clear liquid H₂O)
ReferencesEdit
- ABVD
- Comparative Austronesian Dictionary
ScotsEdit
NounEdit
ei (plural een)
- (South Scots) an eye.
PronounEdit
ei
- (South Scots, personal) he (alternative form of hei)
VepsEdit
EtymologyEdit
VerbEdit
ei
- not; expresses negation.
InflectionEdit
| Inflection of ei | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | imperative | ||
| 1st singular | en | — | |
| 2nd singular | ed | ala | |
| 3rd singular | ei | algha | |
| 1st plural | em | algam | |
| 2nd plural | et | algat | |
| 3rd plural | ei | algha | |
ReferencesEdit
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “не, ни”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
WelshEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Celtic *esyo m and *esyās f; compare Old Irish a (“his, her, its, their”) and Sanskrit अस्य (asyá, “his, its”) and अस्यास् (asyā́s, “her”).
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
ei (triggers soft mutation of a following consonant)
- his, its
- Dw i’n gweld ei dŷ e.
- I see his house.
- him, it (as object of a verbal noun)
- 18th century, Wil Hopcyn, “Bugeilio’r gwenith gwyn”:
- Myfi’n bugeilio’r gwenith gwyn,
Ac arall yn ei fedi.- Me watching the white wheat,
And another reaping it.
- Me watching the white wheat,
- Myfi’n bugeilio’r gwenith gwyn,
- 18th century, Wil Hopcyn, “Bugeilio’r gwenith gwyn”:
Usage notesEdit
e or o often follows the noun when it ends in a consonant and either fe or fo follows when it ends in a vowel.
DeterminerEdit
ei (triggers aspirate mutation of a following consonant)
Usage notesEdit
hi often follows the noun.
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
ei
- second-person singular future of mynd (also present tense in the literary language)