Indonesian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Malay kawula, from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, servant; subject; I, me). Reconstructed as ke- +‎ *wula.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [kaˈwula]
  • Hyphenation: ka‧wu‧la

Noun

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kawula (first-person possessive kawulaku, second-person possessive kawulamu, third-person possessive kawulanya)

  1. servant
    Synonyms: abdi, hamba
  2. slave
    Synonym: budak

Pronoun

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kawula

  1. (archaic) I (me, my)
    Synonym: saya

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Javanese

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Romanization

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kawula

  1. Romanization of ꦏꦮꦸꦭ

Malay

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kawula

  1. (Javanese) slave

Pronoun

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kawula

  1. (Javanese) I (me, my)

Synonyms

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Descendants

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  • Indonesian: kawula

Further reading

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Old Javanese

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Etymology

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Unknown

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ka.wu.la/
  • Rhymes: -la
  • Hyphenation: ka‧wu‧la

Noun

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kawula

  1. servant, follower, subject

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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  • "kawula" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.