aku

See also: akū, Aku, Akụ, āku, āķu, and a'kü

Banjarese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

1. I (personal pronoun)
2. me (direct object of a verb)
3. me (object of a preposition)
4. me (indirect object of a verb)
5. my (belonging to me)

Brooke's Point Palawano

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ʔakúʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)aku.

Pronoun

aku

1. I (personal pronoun)

Estonian

Etymology

A reduction of akumulaator, ultimately from Latin accumulātor.

Noun

aku (genitive aku, partitive akut)

1. battery, cell, accumulator

Declension

Declension of aku (ÕS type 16/pere, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		aku	akud
accusative	nom.
	gen.	aku
genitive			akude
partitive		akut	akusid
illative		akku akusse	akudesse
inessive		akus	akudes
elative		akust	akudest
allative		akule	akudele
adessive		akul	akudel
ablative		akult	akudelt
translative		akuks	akudeks
terminative		akuni	akudeni
essive		akuna	akudena
abessive		akuta	akudeta
comitative		akuga	akudega

Greenlandic

Etymology

From Proto-Inuit *aku- (“interval, to mix”), from Proto-Eskimo *akuv- (“between, to mix”). Compare akunneq (“interval”) and akulaaq (“crotch”).

Pronunciation

• (Nuuk) IPA^(key): /aku/, [a.kʊ]

Noun

aku (plural akut)

1. ingredient
2. estuary, mouth of a river

Declension

Declension of aku

	singular	plural
absolutive	aku	akut
ergative	akup	akut
allative	akumut	akunut
ablative	akumit	akunit
prosecutive	akukkut	akutigut
locative	akumi	akuni
instrumental	akumik	akunik
equative	akutut	akutut

Further reading

• DAKA
• aku in Katersat
• aku in Katersat

Guaraní

Adjective

aku

1. hot

Hadza

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔaku/

Determiner

aku

1. what kind?, which?

Related terms

• akwaza (“who?”)
• akwia (“what?”)

 

Hawaiian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.ku/, [ˈɐ.ku]

Noun

aku

1. bonito, skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)

Particle

aku

1. direction away from the speaker, away
2. soon, later, earlier, last (week, year, etc.)

Usage notes

• Mai and aku may change the meaning of the verb:

  aʻo mai (“to learn”) — aʻo aku (“to teach”)

  kūʻai mai (“to buy”) — kūʻai aku (“to sell”)

Synonyms

• akula

Antonyms

• mai, maila

Iban

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

1. I (personal pronoun)
2. me (direct object of a verb)
3. me (object of a preposition)
4. me (indirect object of a verb)
5. my (belonging to me)

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• akoe (pre-1947)

Etymology

From Malay aku, from Classical Malay اكو (aku), from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku. Compare Maori aku, Malagasy aho. Doublet of daku.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʔä.ku]

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: a‧ku
• Rhymes: -ku

Pronoun

aku (first-person singular pronoun, referring to the speaker)

1. I

   Aku mau makan. ― I want to eat.

2. me

   Dia mengajak aku. ― He invite me.

3. (informal) my (belonging to me)

   Kucing aku hitam. ― My cat is black.

Usage notes

• This is an informal form of first-person singular personal pronoun.
• The form is shortened to -ku when used as a possessive pronoun and the direct/indirect object of a verb.

Alternative forms

• -ku, ku, ku-, daku

Synonyms

• ku-
• -ku
• daku (poetic)
• saya (formal)
• aye, gua gue, ogut (Jakarta)
• hamba

Derived terms

• akuan
• beraku
• beraku-akuan
• keakuan
• mengaku
• mengakui
• mengakukan
• pengaku
• pengakuan

 

Further reading

• “aku” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Japanese

Romanization

aku

1. Rōmaji transcription of あく

Jarai

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ikuR, from Proto-Austronesian *ikuR.

Noun

aku (classifier ƀĕ)

1. tail

Javanese

Romanization

aku

1. Romanization of ꦲꦏꦸ

Kabishiana

Noun

äḳu

1. water

References

• Merritt Ruhlen, The Origin of Language: Tracing the Evolution of the Mother Tongue (1996, →ISBN

Kapampangan

Alternative forms

• yaku

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ʔakúʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaku/, [ˈäː.xu]
• Hyphenation: a‧ku

Pronoun

áku

1. I (personal pronoun)
2. me (direct object of a verb)
3. me (object of a preposition)
4. me (indirect object of a verb)
5. my (belonging to me)

Karo Batak

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

1. I (personal pronoun)
2. me (direct object of a verb)
3. me (object of a preposition)
4. me (indirect object of a verb)
5. my (belonging to me)

Latvian

Noun

aku f

1. inflection of aka:
   1. accusative/instrumental singular
   2. genitive plural

Malay

Alternative forms

• ku, ku-, -ku, daku

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (aku).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aku/
• Rhymes: -aku, -ku, -u

• Audio (MY)

  (file)

Pronoun

aku (Jawi spelling اکو)

1. I (personal pronoun)

   Aku orang itu.

   I am that person.

2. me (direct object of a verb)
3. me (object of a preposition)
4. me (indirect object of a verb)

   Ini aku.

   This is me.

5. my (belonging to me)

   Ini beg aku.

   This is my bag.

Usage notes

• Should not be used when speaking to anyone who is elder or of a higher status.

Synonyms

• saya, sahaya (formal)
• beta (by royalties)
• patik (by royal subjects)

Verb

aku (Jawi spelling اکو)

1. to confess, to admit to be true.

   Dia akui kesalahan dirinya

   He admits his own mistake.

Derived terms

• akuan
• mengaku
• mengakui

 

See also

Malay personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person	standard	saya / ساي aku/ku- / اکو / كو- (informal/towards God) -ku / -كو (informal possessive) hamba / همبا (dated)	kami / کامي (exclusive) kita orang / كيت اورڠ (informal exclusive) kita / کيت (inclusive)
	royal	beta / بيتا
2nd person	standard	kamu / کامو anda / اندا (formal)
		engkau/kau- / اڠکاو/ كاو- (informal/towards God) awak / اوق (friendly/older towards younger) -mu / -مو (possessive)	awak semua / اوق سموا kamu semua / كامو سموا kalian / کالين (informal) kau orang / كاو اورڠ (informal)
	royal	tuanku / توانكو
3rd person	standard	dia / دي ia / اي beliau / بلياو (honorific) -nya / -ڽ (possessive)	mereka / مريک dia orang / دي اورڠ (informal)
	royal	baginda / بݢيندا

Further reading

• “aku” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Eastern Polynesian *au, from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *au, from Proto-Polynesian *au, from Proto-Oceanic *au, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.
Cognate with Indonesian aku, Malagasy aho, Tagalog ako.

Pronoun

aku

1. my (when talking of more than one thing)

   Ko aku tīpuna ērā. ― Those are my grandparents.

Usage notes

A possessive determiner which must be followed by a noun, unlike āku and ōku. This is the neutral or informal form and is not governed by the a and o categories. It cannot be stressed, in which case either āku or ōku must be used, depending on the category of the noun.

Declension

Maori possessive pronouns

	singular object			dual/plural object
singular subject	A category	O category	Neutral	A category	O category	Neutral
1st person	tāku	tōku	taku	āku	ōku	aku
2nd person	tāu	tōu	tō	āu	ōu	ō
3rd person	tāna	tōna	tana	āna	ōna	ana
dual subject
1st person, inclusive	tā tāua	tō tāua	-	ā tāua	ō tāua	-
1st person, exclusive	tā māua	tō māua	-	ā māua	ō māua	-
2nd person	tā kōrua	tō kōrua	-	ā kōrua	ō kōrua	-
3rd person	tā rāua	tō rāua	-	ā rāua	ō rāua	-
plural subject
1st person, inclusive	tā tātou	tō tātou	-	ā tātou	ō tātou	-
1st person, exclusive	tā mātou	tō mātou	-	ā mātou	ō mātou	-
2nd person	tā koutou	tō koutou	-	ā koutou	ō koutou	-
3rd person	tā rātou	tō rātou	-	ā rātou	ō rātou	-
A category: alienable possession; possessor has control of the relationship.
O category: inalienable possession; possessor has no control over the relationship.

References

• “aku” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Mbyá Guaraní

Adjective

aku

1. (to be) hot

Conjugation

    Conjugation of aku

singular			plural
1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person inclusive	1st person exclusive	2nd person	3rd person
xee xeraku	ndee nderaku	ha'e haku	nhande nhanderaku	ore oreraku	peẽ penderaku	ha'e haku

Mmen

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [āku᷇]

Noun

aku

1. forest

Further reading

• Lena Björkestedt, A Phonological Sketch of the Mmen Language (2010)

Mori Bawah

Etymology

From Proto-Bungku-Tolaki *ku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

1. I (personal pronoun)
2. me (direct object of a verb)
3. me (object of a preposition)
4. me (indirect object of a verb)
5. my (belonging to me)

Moronene

Alternative forms

• iβaku

Etymology

From Proto-Bungku-Tolaki *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

1. I (personal pronoun)
2. me (direct object of a verb)
3. me (object of a preposition)
4. me (indirect object of a verb)
5. my (belonging to me)

Nupe

Àkú

Etymology

From Hausa aku.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /à.kú/

Noun

àkú (plural àkúzhì)

1. African gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus)

Old Javanese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

1. I (personal pronoun)
2. me (direct object of a verb)
3. me (object of a preposition)
4. me (indirect object of a verb)
5. my (belonging to me)

Derived terms

• akon-akon
• aṅaku
• inaku
• inakwakĕn
• iṅakon-akon
• kakwan
• kāku
• maku
• māku
• paṅaku
• umakwakĕn

 

Descendants

• Javanese: ꦲꦏꦸ (aku)

References

• "aku" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Sasak

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

1. I (personal pronoun)
2. me (direct object of a verb)
3. me (object of a preposition)
4. me (indirect object of a verb)
5. my (belonging to me)

Tausug

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

1. I

Ternate

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈa.ku]

Verb

aku (Jawi أكو)

1. (auxiliary) to be allowed, may

   aku ua sakali-sakali ana ihoru sosira ― it is absolutely not allowed that they paddle earlier

   una owosa toma hito, mina moaku ua ― he enters the kitchen, she may not

   ngone fosabea ge aku ― we (incl.) may pray for that

Usage notes

As an auxiliary, aku follows the main verb. It may take the subject clitics (o, mo, etc.) only either for emphasis or when aku is used as the sole verb in a sentence.

Conjugation

Conjugation of aku
	Singular	Plural
	Inclusive	Exclusive
1st	toaku	foaku	miaku
2nd	noaku	niaku
3rd	Masculine	oaku	iaku, yoaku†
Feminine	moaku
Neuter	iaku
† - archaic

References

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tokelauan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈa.ku]
• Hyphenation: a‧ku

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *qa-ku. Cognates include Maori āku.

Pronoun

a aku

1. (alienable) mine

See also

Tokelauan possessive pronouns

Inalienable (O-type)
	singular	dual		plural
		long	short
1st person (excl.)	o oku, o kita1	o māua	o mā	o mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	o tāua	o tā	o tātou
2nd person	o ōu, o koe	o koulua		o koutou
3rd person	o ona	o lāua	o lā	o lātou
Alienable (A-type)
	singular	dual		plural
		long	short
1st person (excl.)	a aku, a kita1	a māua	a mā	a mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	a tāua	a tā	a tātou
2nd person	a āu, a koe	a koulua		a koutou
3rd person	a ana	a lāua	a lā	a lātou
1) Sympathetic *) Only the singular pronouns differ from the personal pronouns

Determiner

aku

1. (alienable) my

See also

Tokelauan possessive determiners

	Definite inalienable (O-type)
	singular reference				plural reference
	sg	du		pl	sg	du		pl
		long	short			long	short
1st person (excl.)	toku, tota1	to māua	to mā	to mātou	oku, ota1	o māua	o mā	o mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	to tāua	to tā	to tātou	―	o tāua	o tā	o tātou
2nd person	tō	toulua		toutou	ō	oulua		outou
3rd person	tona	to lāua	to lā	to lātou	ona	o lāua	o lā	o lātou
	Definite alienable (A-type)
	singular reference				plural reference
	sg	du		pl	sg	du		pl
		long	short			long	short
1st person (excl.)	taku, tata1	ta māua	ta mā	ta mātou	aku, ata1	a māua	a mā	a mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	ta tāua	ta tā	ta tātou	―	a tāua	a tā	a tātou
2nd person	tau	taulua		tautou	au	aulua		autou
3rd person	tana	ta lāua	ta lā	ta lātou	ana	a lāua	a lā	a lātou
	Indefinite inalienable (O-type)
	singular reference				plural reference
	sg	du		pl	sg	du		pl
		long	short			long	short
1st person (excl.)	hoku, hota1	ho māua	ho mā	ho mātou	ni oku, ni ota1	ni o māua	ni o mā	ni o mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	ho tāua	ho tā	ho tātou	―	ni o tāua	ni o tā	ni o tātou
2nd person	hō	houlua		houtou	ni ō	ni oulua		ni outou
3rd person	hona	ho lāua	ho lā	ho lātou	ni ona	ni o lāua	ni o lā	ni o lātou
	Indefinite alienable (A-type)
	singular reference				plural reference
	sg	du		pl	sg	du		pl
		long	short			long	short
1st person (excl.)	haku, hata1	ha māua	ha mā	ha mātou	ni aku, ni ata1	ni a māua	ni a mā	ni a mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	ha tāua	ha tā	ha tātou	―	ni a tāua	ni a tā	ni a tātou
2nd person	hau	haulua		hautou	ni au	ni aulua		ni autou
3rd person	hana	ha lāua	ha lā	ha lātou	ni ana	ni a lāua	ni a lā	ni a lātou
1) Sympathetic

Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *haku. Cognates include Hawaiian aʻu and Samoan a'u.

Noun

aku

1. needlefish of the genus Strongylura

References

• R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎^[1], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 10

Totoli

Alternative forms

• yaku

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)aku.

Pronoun

aku

1. I (personal pronoun)
2. me (direct object of a verb)
3. me (object of a preposition)
4. me (indirect object of a verb)
5. my (belonging to me)