misceo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *mikskō (“to mix”), from Proto-Indo-European *miḱ-sḱé-, inchoative present of *meyǵ-, *meyḱ- (“to mix”). The second conjugation of this verb is unexplained. Cognate with Old High German miskian, miskan (“to mix”) (German mischen), Welsh mysgu (“to mix”), Ancient Greek μίγνυμι (mígnumi, “to mix”), Old Church Slavonic мѣсити (měsiti, “to mix”), Lithuanian mišti and maišyti (“to mix”), Sanskrit मिश्र (miśra, “mixed”), Persian (âmixtan, “mix”); Old English māsc (“mixture, mash”). More at mash.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈmɪs.ke.oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈmiʃ.ʃe.o]

Verb

misceō (present infinitive miscēre, perfect active miscuī, supine mixtum or mistum); second conjugation

to mix, mingle, intermingle
Synonyms: commisceō, cōnfundō

Pōculum complēvit et hausit. Aquam et vīnum miscuit. Collāpsus est. ― He filled and drew a cup. He mixed water and wine. He sank down.
to unite, combine, share, associate
- 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.14.13:
  Rīsus dolōre miscēbitur, et extrēma gaudiī lūctus occupat
  Laughter shall be mingled with sorrow, and mourning taketh hold of the end of joy.
  (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)
(poetic) of a disturbance of the natural order, as a storm: to disturb, to throw into confusion, to confuse, confound, embroil
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.133–134:
  “Iam caelum terramque meō sine nūmine, ventī,
  miscēre, et tantās audētis tollere mōlēs?”
  “Now heaven and earth – without my divine assent, you winds! – you dare to disturb, and raise such swells [of seawater]?”
  (Neptune upbraids the winds.)
to throw into confusion, to disturb, confound, embroil
to raise a great commotion, make a prodigious disturbance, to move heaven and earth

Conjugation

The fourth principal part may be mixtum or mistum.

Conjugation of misceō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	misceō	miscēs		miscet	miscēmus	miscētis		miscent
	imperfect	miscēbam	miscēbās		miscēbat	miscēbāmus	miscēbātis		miscēbant
	future	miscēbō	miscēbis		miscēbit	miscēbimus	miscēbitis		miscēbunt
	perfect	miscuī	miscuistī		miscuit	miscuimus	miscuistis		miscuērunt, miscuēre
	pluperfect	miscueram	miscuerās		miscuerat	miscuerāmus	miscuerātis		miscuerant
	future perfect	miscuerō	miscueris		miscuerit	miscuerimus	miscueritis		miscuerint
passive	present	misceor	miscēris, miscēre		miscētur	miscēmur	miscēminī		miscentur
	imperfect	miscēbar	miscēbāris, miscēbāre		miscēbātur	miscēbāmur	miscēbāminī		miscēbantur
	future	miscēbor	miscēberis, miscēbere		miscēbitur	miscēbimur	miscēbiminī		miscēbuntur
	perfect	mixtus or mistus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	mixtus or mistus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	mixtus or mistus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	misceam	misceās		misceat	misceāmus	misceātis		misceant
	imperfect	miscērem	miscērēs		miscēret	miscērēmus	miscērētis		miscērent
	perfect	miscuerim	miscuerīs		miscuerit	miscuerīmus	miscuerītis		miscuerint
	pluperfect	miscuissem	miscuissēs		miscuisset	miscuissēmus	miscuissētis		miscuissent
passive	present	miscear	misceāris, misceāre		misceātur	misceāmur	misceāminī		misceantur
	imperfect	miscērer	miscērēris, miscērēre		miscērētur	miscērēmur	miscērēminī		miscērentur
	perfect	mixtus or mistus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	mixtus or mistus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	miscē		—	—	miscēte		—
active	future	—	miscētō		miscētō	—	miscētōte		miscentō
passive	present	—	miscēre		—	—	miscēminī		—
passive	future	—	miscētor		miscētor	—	—		miscentor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		miscēre		miscērī, miscērier¹		miscēns		—
future		mixtūrum esse, mistūrum esse		mixtum īrī, mistum īrī		mixtūrus, mistūrus		miscendus
perfect		miscuisse		mixtum esse, mistum esse		—		mixtus, mistus
future perfect		—		mixtum fore, mistum fore		—		—
perfect potential		mixtūrum fuisse, mistūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		miscendī	miscendō		miscendum	miscendō	mixtum, mistum		mixtū, mistū

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Aromanian: mescu, meashtiri
Galician: mexer
Italian: mescere
Portuguese: mexer, mesclar
Romanian: mește, mișca
Sicilian: mèsciri, ammiscari
Spanish: mecer, mezclar
Venetan: misciar, misiar
Walloon: maxhî

References

“misceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“misceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
misceo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to cause universal disorder: omnia turbare ac miscere

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “misceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 382-383

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “misceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 382-383

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