phải
Vietnamese edit
Etymology edit
Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 被 (“to suffer; passive marker”, SV: bị) (Old Chinese: /*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ, m-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s, mə-pʰ(r)aj, pʰ(r)aj-s/ in Baxter and Sagart (2014)), along the semantic evolution of “to have to endure; to suffer” > “have to; must” > “correct” > “right (in direction)”. It may reflect an Old Chinese pronunciation /*N-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s/ with the loss of a nasal prefix as is also seen in other early loans (Sagart, per. comm.).
The common Vietic word for “right” is Proto-Vietic *dam ~ *tam, whence the now-archaic đăm.
Pronunciation edit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [faːj˧˩]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [faːj˧˨]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [faːj˨˩˦]
Audio (Hồ Chí Minh City) (file)
Adjective edit
- (often with bên) right (side, direction) (in bên phải)
- Đi bên phải đường.
- Go on the right side of the road.
- Rẽ (tay) phải. Quẹo (tay) phải.
- Turn right.
- correct
- Không phải như thế.
- Not so.
- obverse
- mặt phải của tấm vải ― the obverse of a piece of cloth
Synonyms edit
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Derived terms
Related terms edit
- (right): hữu
Verb edit
phải
- (modal auxiliary) must, have to, should
- Tôi phải đi ngay.
- I must go right away.
- Phải đủ điểm mới được lên lớp.
- One must earn high enough grades to be promoted to the next grade.
- (transitive) to have to endure (something unpleasant)
- giẫm phải gai ― to tread on thorns
- ngộ phải gió độc ― in case one encounters bad wind (i.e., the cold or inclement weather)
- Tôi đi phải ngày mưa gió.
- I had to go on a rainy and windy day.
Derived terms edit
Derived terms
Particle edit
phải
- yes (in response to a question containing phải)
References edit
- "phải" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)
- Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)