không
Muong edit
0 | 1 > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : không | ||
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Vietnamese không.
Numeral edit
không
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ (“river”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruŋ ~ ruuŋ ~ ruəŋ (“river”); cognate with Vietnamese sông.
Noun edit
không
- (Mường Bi) river
Vietnamese edit
Alternative forms edit
- (Southern Vietnam) hông; hôn (hôông); hổng
- (abbreviations) k, ko; kg; k°; khĝ
- (Internet slang, text messaging) khum
Etymology edit
Sino-Vietnamese word from 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.
The development from "empty, vacant" into the numeral "zero" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong).
Pronunciation edit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [xəwŋ͡m˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] ~ [xəwŋ͡m˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] ~ [xəwŋ͡m˧˧]
Audio (South Central Coast) (file)
Adverb edit
không
- not (negates meaning of verb)
- idly, without doing anything
- 1936, Vũ Trọng Phụng, chapter 1, in Số đỏ, Hà Nội báo:
- – Một hào đấy! Bói rẻ còn hơn ngồi không.
- "Here you have a dime! A cheap fortune-teller is still better than sitting without anything to do."
Verb edit
không
Adjective edit
không
- without anything added
- cơm không ― only rice
Interjection edit
không
Particle edit
không
- at or near the end of a question, makes it a yes-no question
- Có ai ở nhà không (ạ) ?
- Anybody home?
- Đúng không ?
- Is that true?
- Mày chưa làm phải không ?
- You haven't done anything, have you?
See also edit
Numeral edit
0 | 1 > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : không | ||
không
- (cardinal number) zero
- hai nghìn không trăm lẻ một ― two thousand and one (literally, “two thousand zero hundred zero one”)
Usage notes edit
- This morpheme is often reduced to a tone-bearing syllabic nasal [ŋ̍] in quick colloquial speech, especially in expressions such as không sao (“no problem”).