rudens
Contents
DanishEdit
LatinEdit
EtymologyEdit
Unclear[1]; proposed derivations include:
- From a Proto-Indo-European root related to German Riemen (“belt, strap”) and Old English rēoma (“membrane”).
- From a root common to Ancient Greek ἐρύω (erúō, “to drag, draw”), ῥυμός (rhumós, “pole”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
rudēns m (genitive rudentis); third declension
InflectionEdit
Note that rudentium is an alternative form for the genitive plural rudentum and rudenti is an alternative form for the ablative singular rudente. Third declension.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | rudēns | rudentēs |
| genitive | rudentis | rudentum |
| dative | rudentī | rudentibus |
| accusative | rudentem | rudentēs |
| ablative | rudente | rudentibus |
| vocative | rudēns | rudentēs |
SynonymsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Italian: rudente
ReferencesEdit
- rudens in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- rudens in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- rudens in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- rudens in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- rudens in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- ^ Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954), “rudens”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2, 3rd edition, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 446
LatvianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From the same stem as the adjective ruds (“reddish brown”) (q.v.), apparently because of the color of leaves in autumn. An older term for “autumn,” cognate with Old Prussian assanis and Russian осень (ósen’), has been lost, possibly in part due to homonymy with asinis (“blood”). Cognates include Lithuanian ruduõ.[1]
NounEdit
rudens m (2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)
- autumn (season of the year between summer and winter, from September 23 to December 23 in the Northern Hemisphere, characterized by lower temperatures and by the falling of leaves)
- vēls rudens ― late autumn
- rudens diena, nakts ― autumn day, night
- vasara iet pret rudeni ― summer is going toward autumn
- jūtams rudens tuvums ― one can feel the coming of autumn
- zelta rudens ― goldemn autumn (dry and sunny autumn, with tree leaves showing many shades of color)
- (in the genitive, used adjectivally) autumn, typical of autumn, used in autumn
- rudens āboli ― autumn apples
- rudens raža ― autumn harvest
- rudens sēja, aršana ― autumn sowing, plowing
- rudens salnas ― autumn frosts
- rudens tirgus ― autumn market
- rudens mētelis ― autumn coat
- ārā vēl arvienu līst sīkais, vienmuļīgais rudens lietus ― outside a small, dreary autumn rain is still falling
- (figuratively) autumn (final phase, usually followed by the end)
- lai tāda brīža nav, kas skumjās jānožēlo, kad... dzīves rudens kvēlos ― let there be no moment in which one regrets in sadness, when life's autumn is ablaze
DeclensionEdit
Declension of rudens (2nd declension)
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīvs) | rudens | rudeņi |
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | rudeni | rudeņus |
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | rudens | rudeņu |
| dative (datīvs) | rudenim | rudeņiem |
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | rudeni | rudeņiem |
| locative (lokatīvs) | rudenī | rudeņos |
| vocative (vokatīvs) | rudeni | rudeņi |
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
(seasons) četri gadalaiki; pavasaris, vasara, rudens, ziema
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “rudens”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN