rukka

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse hrukka, from Proto-Germanic *hrunkǭ (“wrinkle, crease”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹʊʰkːa/
• Rhymes: -ʊʰkːa

Noun

rukka f (genitive singular rukku, plural rukkur)

1. wrinkle, crease

Declension

Declension of rukka
f1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	rukka	rukkan	rukkur	rukkurnar
accusative	rukku	rukkuna	rukkur	rukkurnar
dative	rukku	rukkuni	rukkum	rukkunum
genitive	rukku	rukkunnar	rukka	rukkanna

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrukːɑ/, [ˈrukːɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ukːɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ruk‧ka

Etymology 1

Probably a development from Etymology 2, cf. similar development in parka, raasu and riepu.

Noun

rukka

1. poor, pitiful person or thing

   lapsirukka ― poor child

   Pekka-rukka ― poor Pekka

Usage notes

Mostly used in compounds, but can be also used alone.

Declension

Inflection of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)
nominative		rukka	rukat
genitive		rukan	rukkien
partitive		rukkaa	rukkia
illative		rukkaan	rukkiin
		singular	plural
nominative		rukka	rukat
accusative	nom.	rukka	rukat
	gen.	rukan
genitive		rukan	rukkien rukkainrare
partitive		rukkaa	rukkia
inessive		rukassa	rukissa
elative		rukasta	rukista
illative		rukkaan	rukkiin
adessive		rukalla	rukilla
ablative		rukalta	rukilta
allative		rukalle	rukille
essive		rukkana	rukkina
translative		rukaksi	rukiksi
abessive		rukatta	rukitta
instructive		—	rukin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative rukkani rukkani accusative nom. rukkani rukkani gen. rukkani genitive rukkani rukkieni rukkainirare partitive rukkaani rukkiani inessive rukassani rukissani elative rukastani rukistani illative rukkaani rukkiini adessive rukallani rukillani ablative rukaltani rukiltani allative rukalleni rukilleni essive rukkanani rukkinani translative rukakseni rukikseni abessive rukattani rukittani instructive — — comitative — rukkineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative rukkasi rukkasi accusative nom. rukkasi rukkasi gen. rukkasi genitive rukkasi rukkiesi rukkaisirare partitive rukkaasi rukkiasi inessive rukassasi rukissasi elative rukastasi rukistasi illative rukkaasi rukkiisi adessive rukallasi rukillasi ablative rukaltasi rukiltasi allative rukallesi rukillesi essive rukkanasi rukkinasi translative rukaksesi rukiksesi abessive rukattasi rukittasi instructive — — comitative — rukkinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative rukkamme rukkamme accusative nom. rukkamme rukkamme gen. rukkamme genitive rukkamme rukkiemme rukkaimmerare partitive rukkaamme rukkiamme inessive rukassamme rukissamme elative rukastamme rukistamme illative rukkaamme rukkiimme adessive rukallamme rukillamme ablative rukaltamme rukiltamme allative rukallemme rukillemme essive rukkanamme rukkinamme translative rukaksemme rukiksemme abessive rukattamme rukittamme instructive — — comitative — rukkinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative rukkanne rukkanne accusative nom. rukkanne rukkanne gen. rukkanne genitive rukkanne rukkienne rukkainnerare partitive rukkaanne rukkianne inessive rukassanne rukissanne elative rukastanne rukistanne illative rukkaanne rukkiinne adessive rukallanne rukillanne ablative rukaltanne rukiltanne allative rukallenne rukillenne essive rukkananne rukkinanne translative rukaksenne rukiksenne abessive rukattanne rukittanne instructive — — comitative — rukkinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative rukkansa rukkansa accusative nom. rukkansa rukkansa gen. rukkansa genitive rukkansa rukkiensa rukkainsarare partitive rukkaansa rukkiaan rukkiansa inessive rukassaan rukassansa rukissaan rukissansa elative rukastaan rukastansa rukistaan rukistansa illative rukkaansa rukkiinsa adessive rukallaan rukallansa rukillaan rukillansa ablative rukaltaan rukaltansa rukiltaan rukiltansa allative rukalleen rukallensa rukilleen rukillensa essive rukkanaan rukkanansa rukkinaan rukkinansa translative rukakseen rukaksensa rukikseen rukiksensa abessive rukattaan rukattansa rukittaan rukittansa instructive — — comitative — rukkineen rukkinensa

Synonyms

• parka
• raasu
• raukka
• ressu

Derived terms

compounds

• lapsirukka

 

Further reading

• “rukka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *rukka, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz. Doublet of frakki and rukki.

Noun

rukka (dialectal)

1. reindeer fur coat

Declension

Inflection of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)
nominative		rukka	rukat
genitive		rukan	rukkien
partitive		rukkaa	rukkia
illative		rukkaan	rukkiin
		singular	plural
nominative		rukka	rukat
accusative	nom.	rukka	rukat
	gen.	rukan
genitive		rukan	rukkien rukkainrare
partitive		rukkaa	rukkia
inessive		rukassa	rukissa
elative		rukasta	rukista
illative		rukkaan	rukkiin
adessive		rukalla	rukilla
ablative		rukalta	rukilta
allative		rukalle	rukille
essive		rukkana	rukkina
translative		rukaksi	rukiksi
abessive		rukatta	rukitta
instructive		—	rukin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative rukkani rukkani accusative nom. rukkani rukkani gen. rukkani genitive rukkani rukkieni rukkainirare partitive rukkaani rukkiani inessive rukassani rukissani elative rukastani rukistani illative rukkaani rukkiini adessive rukallani rukillani ablative rukaltani rukiltani allative rukalleni rukilleni essive rukkanani rukkinani translative rukakseni rukikseni abessive rukattani rukittani instructive — — comitative — rukkineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative rukkasi rukkasi accusative nom. rukkasi rukkasi gen. rukkasi genitive rukkasi rukkiesi rukkaisirare partitive rukkaasi rukkiasi inessive rukassasi rukissasi elative rukastasi rukistasi illative rukkaasi rukkiisi adessive rukallasi rukillasi ablative rukaltasi rukiltasi allative rukallesi rukillesi essive rukkanasi rukkinasi translative rukaksesi rukiksesi abessive rukattasi rukittasi instructive — — comitative — rukkinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative rukkamme rukkamme accusative nom. rukkamme rukkamme gen. rukkamme genitive rukkamme rukkiemme rukkaimmerare partitive rukkaamme rukkiamme inessive rukassamme rukissamme elative rukastamme rukistamme illative rukkaamme rukkiimme adessive rukallamme rukillamme ablative rukaltamme rukiltamme allative rukallemme rukillemme essive rukkanamme rukkinamme translative rukaksemme rukiksemme abessive rukattamme rukittamme instructive — — comitative — rukkinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative rukkanne rukkanne accusative nom. rukkanne rukkanne gen. rukkanne genitive rukkanne rukkienne rukkainnerare partitive rukkaanne rukkianne inessive rukassanne rukissanne elative rukastanne rukistanne illative rukkaanne rukkiinne adessive rukallanne rukillanne ablative rukaltanne rukiltanne allative rukallenne rukillenne essive rukkananne rukkinanne translative rukaksenne rukiksenne abessive rukattanne rukittanne instructive — — comitative — rukkinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative rukkansa rukkansa accusative nom. rukkansa rukkansa gen. rukkansa genitive rukkansa rukkiensa rukkainsarare partitive rukkaansa rukkiaan rukkiansa inessive rukassaan rukassansa rukissaan rukissansa elative rukastaan rukastansa rukistaan rukistansa illative rukkaansa rukkiinsa adessive rukallaan rukallansa rukillaan rukillansa ablative rukaltaan rukaltansa rukiltaan rukiltansa allative rukalleen rukallensa rukilleen rukillensa essive rukkanaan rukkanansa rukkinaan rukkinansa translative rukakseen rukaksensa rukikseen rukiksensa abessive rukattaan rukattansa rukittaan rukittansa instructive — — comitative — rukkineen rukkinensa

Derived terms

• rukkanen

 

Anagrams

• arkku, kakru, karku

Icelandic

Etymology

From Danish rykke, from Old Norse rykkja (whence also inherited Icelandic rykkja), from Proto-Germanic *rukkijaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrʏhka/

  Rhymes: -ʏhka

Verb

rukka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative rukkaði, supine rukkað)

1. (transitive) to collect payment from (someone)
2. (transitive) to collect (payment)
3. (transitive) to ask for, take, demand (payment), set the price at (a certain amount)

Conjugation

rukka — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að rukka
supine (sagnbót)		rukkað
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		rukkandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég rukka	við rukkum	present (nútíð)	ég rukki	við rukkum
	þú rukkar	þið rukkið		þú rukkir	þið rukkið
	hann, hún, það rukkar	þeir, þær, þau rukka		hann, hún, það rukki	þeir, þær, þau rukki
past (þátíð)	ég rukkaði	við rukkuðum	past (þátíð)	ég rukkaði	við rukkuðum
	þú rukkaðir	þið rukkuðuð		þú rukkaðir	þið rukkuðuð
	hann, hún, það rukkaði	þeir, þær, þau rukkuðu		hann, hún, það rukkaði	þeir, þær, þau rukkuðu
imperative (boðháttur)	rukka (þú)	rukkið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	rukkaðu	rukkiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

rukkast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að rukkast
supine (sagnbót)		rukkast
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		rukkandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég rukkast	við rukkumst	present (nútíð)	ég rukkist	við rukkumst
	þú rukkast	þið rukkist		þú rukkist	þið rukkist
	hann, hún, það rukkast	þeir, þær, þau rukkast		hann, hún, það rukkist	þeir, þær, þau rukkist
past (þátíð)	ég rukkaðist	við rukkuðumst	past (þátíð)	ég rukkaðist	við rukkuðumst
	þú rukkaðist	þið rukkuðust		þú rukkaðist	þið rukkuðust
	hann, hún, það rukkaðist	þeir, þær, þau rukkuðust		hann, hún, það rukkaðist	þeir, þær, þau rukkuðust
imperative (boðháttur)	rukkast (þú)	rukkist (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	rukkastu	rukkisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

rukkaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	rukkaður	rukkuð	rukkað		rukkaðir	rukkaðar	rukkuð
accusative (þolfall)	rukkaðan	rukkaða	rukkað		rukkaða	rukkaðar	rukkuð
dative (þágufall)	rukkuðum	rukkaðri	rukkuðu		rukkuðum	rukkuðum	rukkuðum
genitive (eignarfall)	rukkaðs	rukkaðrar	rukkaðs		rukkaðra	rukkaðra	rukkaðra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	rukkaði	rukkaða	rukkaða		rukkuðu	rukkuðu	rukkuðu
accusative (þolfall)	rukkaða	rukkuðu	rukkaða		rukkuðu	rukkuðu	rukkuðu
dative (þágufall)	rukkaða	rukkuðu	rukkaða		rukkuðu	rukkuðu	rukkuðu
genitive (eignarfall)	rukkaða	rukkuðu	rukkaða		rukkuðu	rukkuðu	rukkuðu

Synonyms

• (collect): innheimta
• (ask for): setja upp, taka

Ingrian

Etymology

Akin to Finnish rukka.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈrukːɑ/, [ˈrukː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈrukːɑ/, [ˈrukːɑ]
• Rhymes: -ukː, -ukːɑ
• Hyphenation: ruk‧ka

Noun

rukka

1. (in compounds) poor (one deserving pity)

Declension

Declension of rukka (type 3/koira, kk-k gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	rukka	rukat
genitive	rukan	rukkiin
partitive	rukkaa	rukkia
illative	rukkaa	rukkii
inessive	rukas	rukis
elative	rukast	rukist
allative	rukalle	rukille
adessive	rukal	rukil
ablative	rukalt	rukilt
translative	rukaks	rukiks
essive	rukkanna, rukkaan	rukkinna, rukkiin
exessive1)	rukkant	rukkint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• poikarukka
• tyttörukka

 

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 491