rumen
English edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rumen (plural rumina or rumens)
- The first compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminants.
- Synonyms: paunch, fack, fardingbag
- Hypernyms: compartment, tripe
- Coordinate terms: abomasum, omasum, reticulum
- 2013 [1966], Robert E. Hungate, The Rumen and Its Microbes, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 162:
- In the newborn ruminant the abomasum is about as large as the rumen and remains relatively large as long as only milk is consumed (Brugnone, 1809). As the young ruminant consumes forages, the reticulum, and particularly the rumen, develop rapidly.
Related terms edit
Translations edit
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French edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rumen m (plural rumens)
- rumen (stomach)
Further reading edit
- “rumen”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Friulian edit
Adjective edit
rumen
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Somewhat disputed. Probably from the root of *rūgō + -men, attested in ērūgō, rūctō (“I belch”) and rugiō (“I roar, rumble, bray”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg-, *h₁rewǵ- (“to belch”).[1] Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “I spew out, discharge, belch, bellow”), Old Armenian ործամ (orcam, “I vomit, am nauseated”), Proto-Germanic *reukaną (“to smoke, emit vapor”) (modern English reek).
Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *sréwmn̥, from the root *srew- (“to flow”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) See also Rōma and flūmen, which are sometimes hypothesized as from the same source.
A third possibility is a relationship with Etruscan 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum, “teat”). If not coincidental, it may be equally likely that the Etruscan word was borrowed from Latin.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈruː.men/, [ˈruːmɛn]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈru.men/, [ˈruːmen]
Noun edit
rūmen n (genitive rūminis); third declension
Declension edit
Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | rūmen | rūmina |
Genitive | rūminis | rūminum |
Dative | rūminī | rūminibus |
Accusative | rūmen | rūmina |
Ablative | rūmine | rūminibus |
Vocative | rūmen | rūmina |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-rūgō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 529
- “rumen”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- rumen in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- rumen in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rumen m (definite singular rumenen, indefinite plural rumenar, definite plural rumenane)
Romanian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
rumen n (plural rumene)
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic роумѣнъ (ruměnŭ), from Proto-Slavic *ruměnъ (“ruddy”). Compare Bulgarian румен (rumen), Serbo-Croatian rumen.
Adjective edit
rumen m or n (feminine singular rumenă, masculine plural rumeni, feminine and neuter plural rumene)
Declension edit
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ruměnъ.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
rùmen (definite rùmenī, comparative rumeniji, Cyrillic spelling ру̀мен)
Declension edit
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | rumen | rumena | rumeno | |
genitive | rumena | rumene | rumena | |
dative | rumenu | rumenoj | rumenu | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
rumen rumena |
rumenu | rumeno |
vocative | rumen | rumena | rumeno | |
locative | rumenu | rumenoj | rumenu | |
instrumental | rumenim | rumenom | rumenim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | rumeni | rumene | rumena | |
genitive | rumenih | rumenih | rumenih | |
dative | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | |
accusative | rumene | rumene | rumena | |
vocative | rumeni | rumene | rumena | |
locative | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | |
instrumental | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | rumeni | rumena | rumeno | |
genitive | rumenog(a) | rumene | rumenog(a) | |
dative | rumenom(u/e) | rumenoj | rumenom(u/e) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
rumeni rumenog(a) |
rumenu | rumeno |
vocative | rumeni | rumena | rumeno | |
locative | rumenom(e/u) | rumenoj | rumenom(e/u) | |
instrumental | rumenim | rumenom | rumenim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | rumeni | rumene | rumena | |
genitive | rumenih | rumenih | rumenih | |
dative | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | |
accusative | rumene | rumene | rumena | |
vocative | rumeni | rumene | rumena | |
locative | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | |
instrumental | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | rumeniji | rumenija | rumenije | |
genitive | rumenijeg(a) | rumenije | rumenijeg(a) | |
dative | rumenijem(u) | rumenijoj | rumenijem(u) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
rumeniji rumenijeg(a) |
rumeniju | rumenije |
vocative | rumeniji | rumenija | rumenije | |
locative | rumenijem(u) | rumenijoj | rumenijem(u) | |
instrumental | rumenijim | rumenijom | rumenijim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | rumeniji | rumenije | rumenija | |
genitive | rumenijih | rumenijih | rumenijih | |
dative | rumenijim(a) | rumenijim(a) | rumenijim(a) | |
accusative | rumenije | rumenije | rumenija | |
vocative | rumeniji | rumenije | rumenija | |
locative | rumenijim(a) | rumenijim(a) | rumenijim(a) | |
instrumental | rumenijim(a) | rumenijim(a) | rumenijim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | najrumeniji | najrumenija | najrumenije | |
genitive | najrumenijeg(a) | najrumenije | najrumenijeg(a) | |
dative | najrumenijem(u) | najrumenijoj | najrumenijem(u) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
najrumeniji najrumenijeg(a) |
najrumeniju | najrumenije |
vocative | najrumeniji | najrumenija | najrumenije | |
locative | najrumenijem(u) | najrumenijoj | najrumenijem(u) | |
instrumental | najrumenijim | najrumenijom | najrumenijim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | najrumeniji | najrumenije | najrumenija | |
genitive | najrumenijih | najrumenijih | najrumenijih | |
dative | najrumenijim(a) | najrumenijim(a) | najrumenijim(a) | |
accusative | najrumenije | najrumenije | najrumenija | |
vocative | najrumeniji | najrumenije | najrumenija | |
locative | najrumenijim(a) | najrumenijim(a) | najrumenijim(a) | |
instrumental | najrumenijim(a) | najrumenijim(a) | najrumenijim(a) |
Further reading edit
- “rumen” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Etymology 2 edit
Nominalized from the previous sense.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rȕmēn f (Cyrillic spelling ру̏ме̄н)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
- “rumen” in Hrvatski jezični portal
See also edit
bijel/бијел, beo/бео | siv/сив, sinji/сињи | crn/црн |
crven/црвен, rumen/румен | narandžast/наранџаст, narančast/наранчаст; smeđ/смеђ, braon/браон | žut/жут; žut/жут |
zelen/зелен | zelen/зелен | |
tirkizan/тиркизан, cijan/цијан; tirkizan/тиркизан | plav/плав | modar/модар |
ljubičast/љубичаст; modar/модар, indigo/индиго | ljubičast/љубичаст, magenta/магента; ljubičast/љубичаст | ružičast/ружичаст, roza/роза |
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *ruměnъ.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
rumȅn (comparative bȍlj rumȅn, superlative nȁjbolj rumȅn)
Inflection edit
Hard | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nom. sing. | rumèn | rumêna | rumêno |
singular | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | rumèn ind rumêni def |
rumêna | rumêno |
genitive | rumênega | rumêne | rumênega |
dative | rumênemu | rumêni | rumênemu |
accusative | nominativeinan or genitiveanim |
rumêno | rumêno |
locative | rumênem | rumêni | rumênem |
instrumental | rumênim | rumêno | rumênim |
dual | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | rumêna | rumêni | rumêni |
genitive | rumênih | rumênih | rumênih |
dative | rumênima | rumênima | rumênima |
accusative | rumêna | rumêni | rumêni |
locative | rumênih | rumênih | rumênih |
instrumental | rumênima | rumênima | rumênima |
plural | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | rumêni | rumêne | rumêna |
genitive | rumênih | rumênih | rumênih |
dative | rumênim | rumênim | rumênim |
accusative | rumêne | rumêne | rumêna |
locative | rumênih | rumênih | rumênih |
instrumental | rumênimi | rumênimi | rumênimi |
Derived terms edit
See also edit
bela | siva | črna |
rdeča; škrlatna | oranžna; rjava | rumena; krem |
svetlozelena, limeta | zelena | |
sinja, cian; turkizna | azurna | modra |
vijolična; indigo | magenta, fuksija; vijolična, lila | roza, rožnata |
Further reading edit
- “rumen”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Spanish edit
Noun edit
rumen m (plural rúmenes)
- rumen
- 2022 November 10, María Teresa Paramio, “¿Es nueva la producción de alimentos en macrogranjas?”, in El País[2]:
- El amoniaco procede de las heces y la orina de los animales; el CO₂ de su respiración y el metano lo expulsan los rumiantes por la boca, no por las ventosidades, como se dice frecuentemente, debido a la fermentación de los alimentos en su rumen, que es una de las partes del aparato digestivo de los rumiantes.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)