temperament
English edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle English temperament, borrowed from Middle French tempérament, from Latin temperāmentum.
Pronunciation edit
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈtɛm.pə.ɹə.mənt/, /ˈtɛm.pɹə.mənt/, /ˈtɛm.pə.mənt/
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈtɛm.pɚ.ə.mənt/, /ˈtɛm.pɹə.mənt/, /ˈtɛm.pɚ.mənt/[1][2]
Audio (Southern England) (file)
Noun edit
temperament (countable and uncountable, plural temperaments)
- A person's usual manner of thinking, behaving or reacting.
- 1928, Franklin D. Roosevelt, The Happy Warrior Alfred E. Smith[1], Houghton Mifflin, →OCLC, →OL, page 13:
- President Taft did not have the temperament either to dominate or to work with his Congress.
- A tendency to become irritable or angry.
- (music) The altering of certain intervals from their correct values in order to improve the moving from key to key.
- (psychology) Individual differences in behavior that are biologically based and are relatively independent of learning, system of values and attitudes.
- (obsolete) A moderate and proportionable mixture of elements or ingredients in a compound; the condition in which elements are mixed in their proper proportions.
- 1624, John Donne, Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions, Meditation XVIII., in The Complete Poetry and Selected Prose of John Donne, ed. Charles M. Coffin, New York: Modern Library (1952), pp. 442-444:
- If I will aske meere Philosophers, what the soule is, I shall finde amongst them, that will tell me, it is nothing, but the temperament and harmony, and just and equall composition of the Elements in the body, which produces all those faculties which we ascribe to the soule […]
- 1624, John Donne, Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions, Meditation XVIII., in The Complete Poetry and Selected Prose of John Donne, ed. Charles M. Coffin, New York: Modern Library (1952), pp. 442-444:
- (obsolete) Any state or condition as determined by the proportion of its ingredients or the manner in which they are mixed; consistence, composition; mixture.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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References edit
- John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “temperament”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.
- ^ “temperament”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
- ^ “temperament”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin temperāmentum.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): (Central) [təm.pə.ɾəˈmen]
- IPA(key): (Balearic) [təm.pə.ɾəˈment]
- IPA(key): (Valencian) [tem.pe.ɾaˈment]
Noun edit
temperament m (plural temperaments)
Further reading edit
- “temperament” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- “temperament” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “temperament”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
Czech edit
Etymology edit
From Latin temperāmentum.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
temperament m inan (related adjective temperamentní)
- (psychology) temperament, disposition
- liveliness, vivacity, temper
- Synonym: živost
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | temperament | temperamenty |
genitive | temperamentu | temperamentů |
dative | temperamentu | temperamentům |
accusative | temperament | temperamenty |
vocative | temperamente | temperamenty |
locative | temperamentu | temperamentech |
instrumental | temperamentem | temperamenty |
Further reading edit
- temperament in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- temperament in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- temperament in Internetová jazyková příručka
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Middle French tempérament, from Latin temperāmentum.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: tem‧pe‧ra‧ment
Noun edit
temperament n (plural temperamenten, diminutive temperamentje n)
- (psychology) the usual mood of a person, or typical manner of thinking, behaving, and acting; temperament, temper, mood
- Oorspronkelijk waren in de Griekse oudheid de temperamenten de naam voor vier persoonlijkheidstypen: het sanguïnische, flegmatische, cholerische en melancholische temperament.Temperament
- Originally, in Greek antiquity, the temperaments were the names of the four personality types: the sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric and melancholy temperaments.
- Oorspronkelijk waren in de Griekse oudheid de temperamenten de naam voor vier persoonlijkheidstypen: het sanguïnische, flegmatische, cholerische en melancholische temperament.Temperament
- temperament: a tendency to become irritable or angry, temper
- (music) temperament: a specific system of note pitches of a musical instrument
Maltese edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Italian temperamento.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
temperament m (plural temperamenti)
Related terms edit
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From Latin temperāmentum.
Noun edit
temperament n (definite singular temperamentet, indefinite plural temperament or temperamenter, definite plural temperamenta or temperamentene)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “temperament” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “temperament” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
From Latin temperāmentum.
Noun edit
temperament n (definite singular temperamentet, indefinite plural temperament, definite plural temperamenta)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “temperament” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French tempérament.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
temperament m inan (diminutive temperamencik)
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | temperament | temperamenty |
genitive | temperamentu | temperamentów |
dative | temperamentowi | temperamentom |
accusative | temperament | temperamenty |
instrumental | temperamentem | temperamentami |
locative | temperamencie | temperamentach |
vocative | temperamencie | temperamenty |
Further reading edit
- temperament in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- temperament in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French tempérament, from Latin temperāmentum.
Noun edit
temperament n (plural temperamente)
Declension edit
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) temperament | temperamentul | (niște) temperamente | temperamentele |
genitive/dative | (unui) temperament | temperamentului | (unor) temperamente | temperamentelor |
vocative | temperamentule | temperamentelor |
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from German Temperament, from Latin temperāmentum.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
temperàment m (Cyrillic spelling темпера̀мент)
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | temperàment | temperamenti |
genitive | temperamenta | temperàmenātā |
dative | temperamentu | temperamentima |
accusative | temperament | temperamente |
vocative | temperamente | temperamenti |
locative | temperamentu | temperamentima |
instrumental | temperamentom | temperamentima |
References edit
- “temperament” in Hrvatski jezični portal