Chamorro

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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yoʼ

  1. I, me

Usage notes

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  • yoʼ is used either as a subject of an intransitive verb or as an object of a transitive verb (absolutive), while hu is used as a subject of a transitive verb (ergative).
    Gumupu yoʼ.I flew.
    Si Juan ha liʼeʼ yoʼJuan saw me
  • In transitive clauses with an indefinite object, yoʼ can be used as a subject.
    Manhatsa yoʼ lamasaI lifted a table

See also

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Chamorro personal pronouns
singular plural inclusive plural exclusive
hu-type pronouns
1st person hu ta in
2nd person un en
3rd person ha ma
yoʼ-type pronouns
1st person yoʼ hit ham
2nd person hao hamyo
3rd person gueʼ siha
emphatic pronouns
1st person guahu hita hami
2nd person hagu hamyo
3rd person guiya siha

References

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  • Donald M. Topping (1973) Chamorro Reference Grammar[1], Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Lashi

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Pronunciation

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  • (Waingmaw) IPA(key): [jɔʔ˥˩]
  • (Chipwe) IPA(key): [jɔʔ˥˥]
  • (Mongko) IPA(key): [jɔ˥˥]
  • Hyphenation: yoʼ

Postposition

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yoʼ

  1. and, with
    • 2005, “Apoem ayang꞉ 1:1 [Genesis 1:1]”, in Jhoem꞉ mougsougˮ [The Book of the Bible]‎[2], page 2:
      Xang꞉ shiˮ moo Mangsoo gi mougkhung꞉ yoʼ myidjang ri phainˮ so꞉ toˮ.
      First, God created heaven and earth.

References

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  • Qingxia Dai, Jie Li (2007) 勒期语研究 [The study of the Leqi language], Beijing: Central Institute for Nationalities Publishing House, →ISBN, page 328
  • Mark Wannemacher (2011) A phonological overview of the Lacid language[3], Chiang Mai: Payap University., page 26
  • Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[4], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis), page 24
  • Hideo Sawada (2024) “Differences between ‘Lacid’ and ‘Leqi’”, in Grammatical Phenomena of Sino-Tibetan Languages, volume 6, pages 33-54