з-

See also: з, ѕ, З, and ӟ

Abkhaz

Alternative forms

• с- (s-)
• cы- (cə-)

Prefix

з- • (z-)

1. (1st person singular pronoun) I.

Usage notes

Used in some transitive verbs for 1st-person singular as the subject, instead of с- (s-).

усбоит → узбоит ― uzbojtʼ ― I see you

исгоит → изгоит ― izgojtʼ ― I take it

иузысгеит → иузызгеит ― iwzəzgejtʼ ― I took it for you

исдыруеит → издыруеит ― izdərwejtʼ ― I know it

See also

Abkhaz personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		сара (sara), с- (s-), сы- (sə-), з- (z-)	ҳара (ḥara), а- (a-), ҳ- (ḥ-), ҳа- (ḥa-)
2nd person	m	уара (wara), у- (u-)	шәара (ŝʷara), шә- (ŝʷ-), шәы- (ŝʷə-), жә- (ẑʷ-)
	f	бара (bara), б- (b-), бы- (bə-)
3rd person	m	иара (jara), и- (i-), д- (d-), ды- (də-)	дара (dara), и- (i-), р- (r-), ры- (rə-)
	f	лара (lara), д- (d-), л- (l-), лы- (lə-),
	n	иара (jara), а- (a-), и- (i-)

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [z]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old East Slavic съ- (sŭ-), from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)-.

Alternative forms

• зі- (zi-)
• зо- (zo-)
• с- (s-)

1. (used with verbs) attached to imperfective verbs to form the perfective aspect

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎ї́сти impf (jísty, “to eat”) → ‎з'ї́сти pf (zʺjísty)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎роби́ти impf (robýty, “to do, to make”) → ‎зроби́ти pf (zrobýty)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎розумі́ти impf (rozumíty, “to understand”) → ‎зрозумі́ти pf (zrozumíty)

2. (used with verbs) together (indicates bringing together literally or abstractly)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎в'яза́ти impf (vʺjazáty, “to bind, to tie”) → ‎зв'яза́ти pf (zvʺjazáty, “to bind/tie together, to connect, to link”)

   ‎зі- (zi-) + ‎бра́ти impf (bráty, “to take”) → ‎зібра́ти pf (zibráty, “to collect, to gather, to assemble”)

   ‎зі- (zi-) + ‎ста́вити impf (stávyty, “to put”) → ‎зіста́вити pf (zistávyty, “to put together, to compare”)

3. (used with verbs) down (indicates downward movement)

   ‎зі- (zi-) + ‎йти́ impf (jtý, “to go”) → ‎зійти́ pf (zijtý, “to go down, to descend”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎нести impf (nesty, “to carry”) → ‎знести́ pf (znestý, “to carry down, to demolish”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎бити impf (byty, “to hit, to strike”) → ‎зби́ти pf (zbýty, “to knock down, to shoot down, to down”)

4. (used with verbs) off, from (indicates removal or extraction from somewhere)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎-няти impf (-njaty, “to take”) → ‎зня́ти pf (znjáty, “to take off”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎де́рти impf (dérty, “to tear”) → ‎зде́рти pf (zdérty, “to tear off”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎чита́ти impf (čytáty, “to read”) → ‎(computing) зчита́ти pf (zčytáty, “to read off, to read”)

   ‎с- (s-) + ‎писа́ти impf (pysáty, “to write”) → ‎списа́ти pf (spysáty, “to copy, to plagiarize”)

5. (used to form adverbs) from

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎гора́ (horá, “mountain”) → ‎згори́ (zhorý, “from above”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎верх (verx, “top”) → ‎зве́рху (zvérxu, “from above”)

6. (used to form prefixes)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎не (ne) → ‎зне- (zne-, “dis-, de-”)

   ‎с- (s-) + ‎пів (piv, “half”) → ‎спів- (spiv-, “co-”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old East Slavic въз- (vŭz-), from Proto-Slavic *vъz-.

Alternative forms

• вз- (vz-)
• вс- (vs-)
• с- (s-)
• уз- (uz-)
• ус- (us-)

Prefix

з- • (z-)

1. (used with verbs) up, upward, upwards (indicates upward movement)

   ‎зі- (zi-) + ‎йти impf (jty, “to go”) → ‎зійти́ pf (zijtý, “to go up, to ascend”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎леті́ти impf (letíty, “to fly”) → ‎злеті́ти pf (zletíty, “to fly up, to take off”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎вести impf (vesty, “to lead, to take”) → ‎звести́ pf (zvestý, “to raise, to erect, to lift up, to cock (a trigger)”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎рости́ти impf (rostýty, “to grow, to raise”) → ‎зрости́ти pf (zrostýty, “to grow, to bring up”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎би́ти impf (býty, “to beat”) → ‎зби́ти pf (zbýty, “to fluff (pillow), to whip, to whisk, to beat (eggs)”)

   ‎вс- (vs-) + ‎ста́ти impf (státy, “to stand”) → ‎вста́ти pf (vstáty, “to stand up, to rise, to wake up”)

2. (used with verbs) indicates suddenness, abruptness or intensity

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎буди́ти impf (budýty, “to wake up, to awaken”) → ‎збуди́ти pf (zbudýty, “to excite, to arouse, to stimulate”)

   ‎с- (s-) + ‎кри́кнути pf (krýknuty, “to shout out, to cry out”) → ‎скри́кнути pf (skrýknuty, “to shout out suddenly”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎-ривати impf (-ryvaty, “to tear”) → ‎зрива́ти impf (zryváty, “to blow up, to trigger”)

   ‎с- (s-) + ‎палахну́ти pf (palaxnúty, “to inflame, to flash, to blaze”) → ‎спалахну́ти pf (spalaxnúty, “to blaze up, to burst into flames, to break out”)

3. (used with verbs) re-, back

   ‎с- (s-) + ‎пам'ята́ти impf (pamʺjatáty, “to”) → ‎спам'ята́ти pf (spamʺjatáty, “to remember, to recall”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎верну́ти impf (vernúty, “to turn”) → ‎(rare) зверну́ти pf (zvernúty, “to turn back”)

4. (used to form nouns) next to, by, along

   ‎уз- (uz-) + ‎гора́ (horá, “mountain”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎узгір'я (uzhirʺja, “hillside, hillslope”)

   ‎уз- (uz-) + ‎ліс (lis, “forest”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎узлі́сся (uzlíssja, “forest edge, woodland edge”)

   ‎уз- (uz-) + ‎бе́рег (béreh, “bank, shore”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎узбере́жжя (uzberéžžja, “coastline, seashore, littoral”)

   ‎уз- (uz-) + ‎голова́ (holová, “head”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎узголо́в'я (uzholóvʺja, “bedhead, head of the bed”)

5. (used to form adverbs/prepositions) along

   ‎уз- (uz-) + ‎до́вгий (dóvhyj, “long”) → ‎уздо́вж (uzdóvž, “lengthwise, lengthways, along”)

   ‎на- (na-) + ‎вс- (vs-) + ‎пак (pak, “back”) → ‎(dialectal) навспа́к (navspák, “back, backward, backwards”)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Old East Slavic из- (iz-), from Proto-Slavic *jьz-.

Alternative forms

• із- (iz-)
• іс- (is-)
• с- (s-)

Prefix

з- • (z-)

1. (used with verbs) indicates full extent, intensity or full completion

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎ї́здити impf (jízdyty, “to go”) → ‎з'ї́здити pf (zʺjízdyty, “to have gone/traveled everywhere”)

   ‎с- (s-) + ‎писа́ти impf (pysáty, “to fly”) → ‎списа́ти pf (spysáty, “to write all over, to fill with writings”)

   ‎іс- (is-) + ‎-пи́тувати impf (-pýtuvaty, “to ask”) → ‎іспи́тувати impf (ispýtuvaty, “to test, to trial”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎-міни́ти impf (-minýty, “to change”) → ‎зміни́ти pf (zminýty, “to change, to alter, to modify”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎cуши́ти impf (cušýty, “to dry”) → ‎зсуши́ти pf (zsušýty, “to dry out, to desiccate, to exhaust”)

2. (used with verbs) ex-, out (indicates elimination, exhaustion or brining to an end)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎вести́ impf (vestý, “to lead, to drive”) → ‎звести́ pf (zvestý, “to exterminate, to torment, to waste”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎жи́ти impf (žýty, “to live”) → ‎зжи́ти pf (zžýty, “to get rid of, to eradicate”)

   ‎с- (s-) + ‎-корени́ти impf (-korenýty, “to root”) → ‎скорени́ти pf (skorenýty, “to eradicate, to root out”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎ни́кнути impf (nýknuty, “to droop, to wilt”) → ‎зни́кнути pf (znýknuty, “to disappear, to perish”)

3. (used with verbs, obsolete or dialectal) ex-, out (indicates outward movement)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎ходи́ти impf (xodýty, “to walk”) → ‎зхо́дити impf (zxódyty, “to leave”)

4. (used to form adverbs) from

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎нови́й (novýj, “new”) → ‎зно́ву (znóvu, “again”)

   ‎с- (s-) + ‎поча́ток (počátok, “beginning, start”) → ‎споча́тку (spočátku, “from the start, anew, at first”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎низ (nyz, “bottom”) → ‎зни́зу (znýzu, “from below, from the bottom”)

5. (used to form prepositions) from

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎за (za, “behind”) → ‎з-за (z-za, “from behind, because of, due to”)

   ‎з- (z-) + ‎під (pid, “under”) → ‎з-під (z-pid, “from under”)

Derived terms

Ukrainian terms prefixed with з-