Wiktionary

ch

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ch"

Translingual edit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Letter edit

ch (mixed case Ch, upper case CH)

  1. A digraph from c and h, considered an individual letter in some languages.

Symbol edit

ch

  1. Alternative form of cosh (“hyperbolic cosine”)
  2. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Chamorro.

English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

ch (countable and uncountable, plural chs)

  1. Abbreviation of chain, a unit of measurement equal to 22 yards
  2. Abbreviation of chapter, main section of a book
    • 2007, The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, page 143:
      Ch 2 secondarily interrupts the flow between chs 1 and 3 (see 2.1–16n.).
  3. Abbreviation of chestnut, a dark reddish-brown colored horse
    • 2014, Kenneth Hinchcliff, Andris Kaneps, Raymond Geor, Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery, page 675:
      NAME OF HORSE (COLOR, SEX, YEAR BORN)
      Secretariat (ch.s. 1970)
  4. Abbreviation of channel, in reference to telephones, audio, radio, and television
    5.1 ch surround sound

Etymology 2 edit

Aphetic form of ich, utch, ultimately from Old English iċ (“I”). Compare Dutch 'k, an aphetic variant of ik (“I”). More at ich, I.

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

ch

  1. (obsolete, dialectal) Alternative form of I

Anagrams edit

Blin edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

ch (uppercase Ch)

  1. A letter of the Bilen Latin alphabet.

Chipewyan edit

Pronunciation edit

  1. IPA(key): /t͜ʃʰ/

Letter edit

ch (upper case Ch)

  1. A letter of the Chipewyan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Czech edit

Letter edit

ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)

  1. a digraph, the fourteenth letter of the Czech alphabet, after h and before i

Usage notes edit

In names or at the beginning of a sentence the mixed case Ch is used (e. g. Chrudim).

Esperanto edit

Letter edit

ch

  1. A digraph used in the h-sistemo to represent ĉ.

See also edit

French edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology 1 edit

Abbreviation of chaque (“each”).

Adjective edit

ch (invariable)

  1. ea (each)

Etymology 2 edit

Abbreviation of cheval-vapeur (“horsepower”).

Noun edit

Added

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

ch m (plural ch)

  1. hp (horsepower)
Usage notes edit

The abbreviation ch is used for all types of (metric) horsepower except tax horsepower, which uses the initialisms cv or CV.

Hadza edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

ch (upper case Ch)

  1. A letter of the practical Hadza alphabet.

Hungarian edit

 Ch (digráf) on Hungarian Wikipedia

Pronunciation edit

  • (on its own) IPA(key): [ˈt͡seːɦaː]
  • (within words) IPA(key): /xː/, /t͡ʃ/, /ç/, /çː/, /h/, /k/, /ʃ/ (depending on the word)

Letter edit

ch (lower case, upper case Ch)

  1. A digraph used in several Hungarian words, as well as in some surnames, given names, and geographical names.

Usage notes edit

It is used (among others) in the following words, along with their derivations and compounds: Achilles-ín, allochton, acháj, achát, akrosztichon, almanach, anarchia/​​anarchikus/​anarchista/​anarchizmus, archaikus/​archaizál/​archaizmus, archeológia/​archeológus, archimandrita, architektúra, archivál/​archivális/​archívum, autochton, bacchanália, bacchánsnő, baldachin, barchesz, barkochba/​barkochbázik, bronchitisz, cech, chanti, charleston, charta, charter, chartizmus, chata, chianti, chorijambus, chripka, couchette, disztichon, durchmars, echó, echt, eucharisztia/​eucharisztikus, eunuch, exarcha, fach, franchise, gaucho, gouache, guttapercha, hierarchia/​​hierarchikus, hipochonder/​hipochondria, ichtioszaurusz, jacht, kapitälchen, krach, lichthóf, macher, machiavellizmus, machináció/machinál, malachit, mannlicher, matriarchátus, mazochista/​mazochizmus, mechanika/​​mechanikus/​​mechanisztikus/​mechanizál/​mechanizmus, mettlachi, moloch, monarchia/​monarchikus/​monarchista, oligarcha/​oligarchia/​oligarchikus, orchidea, patriarcha/​patriarchális/​patriarchátus, pech/​peches, poncho, poncichter, psziché/​pszichiáter/​pszichiátria/​pszichikai/​pszichikum/​pszicho-/​​pszichózis, richtig, rizskoch, sarlach, stich, strichel, szacharin, szinekdoché, sztrichnin, technika/​technikum/​technikus/​technokrácia/​technokrata/​​technológia/​technológus, trachoma, trocheus, vlach, winchester.

Officially recognized given names: Achilles, Achillesz, Áchim, Archibald, Joachim, Melchior, Orchidea, Psziché, Ráchel, Richárd.[1]

Surnames (a selection from notable people[2]): Aulich, Damjanich, Forgách, Keglevich, Knézich, Kovách, Laczkovich, Madách, Maderspach, Orlay Petrich, Széchenyi, Széchényi, Zách, Zichy.

Geographical names (along with their derivations, e.g. chilei): Charlestown, Chatham-szigetek, Chile, Chișinău, Déli-Georgia és Déli-Sandwich-szigetek, Liechtenstein, Nouakchott, Seychelle-szigetek as well as two settlements in Hungary, Chernelházadamonya and Zichyújfalu, a hill in Budapest, Széchenyi-hegy (named after István Széchenyi) and a neighborhood in Budapest, Széchenyihegy (named after the hill).

Declension edit

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative ch ch-k
accusative ch-t ch-kat
dative ch-nak ch-knak
instrumental ch-val ch-kkal
causal-final ch-ért ch-kért
translative ch-vá ch-kká
terminative ch-ig ch-kig
essive-formal ch-ként ch-kként
essive-modal — —
inessive ch-ban ch-kban
superessive ch-n ch-kon
adessive ch-nál ch-knál
illative ch-ba ch-kba
sublative ch-ra ch-kra
allative ch-hoz ch-khoz
elative ch-ból ch-kból
delative ch-ról ch-król
ablative ch-tól ch-któl
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		ch-é ch-ké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		ch-éi ch-kéi
Possessive forms of ch
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. ch-m ch-im
2nd person sing. ch-d ch-id
3rd person sing. ch-ja ch-i
1st person plural ch-nk ch-ink
2nd person plural ch-tok ch-itok
3rd person plural ch-juk ch-ik

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ A Nyelvtudományi Intézet által anyakönyvi bejegyzésre alkalmasnak minősített utónevek jegyzéke (’List of first names qualified by the Research Institute for Linguistics as appropriate for registration on a birth certificate’). Regularly updated. For searchable unformatted lists, see férfinevek for masculine names and női nevek for feminine names.
  2. ^ Személyekről elnevezett budapesti utcanevek évfordulók tükrében (’Street names in Budapest named after persons, as reflected in anniversaries’) by György Mészáros

Irish edit

Pronunciation edit

  1. IPA(key): /x/, /ç/

Letter edit

ch (upper case Ch)

  1. A digraph in Irish orthography

Latvian edit

Letter edit

ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)

  1. (obsolete) a letter used in older, pre-World-War-II Latvian spelling, but now replaced everywhere by h (upper case H)

Usage notes edit

This letter can still be found in older books, or in books written by the Latvian diaspora prior to the fall of the Soviet Union. It used to represent the sound of IPA symbol /x/, as distinct from /h/; but since these sounds have merged as /x/ in current Latvian pronunciation, <h> (= /x/) is now used in all cases.

Lower Sorbian edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

ch (upper case CH, mixed case Ch)

  1. The twelfth letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called cha and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes edit

Alphabetized between H and I.

See also edit

Mam edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

ch (uppercase Ch)

  1. A letter of the Mam alphabet.

Osage edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

ch

  1. A letter of the Osage Latin alphabet. Osage script 𐓴.

Slovak edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

ch (upper case Ch)

  1. The sixteenth letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Further reading edit

  • “ch”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Spanish edit

Letter edit

ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)

  1. che, the former fourth letter of the Spanish alphabet, after c and before d

Usage notes edit

  • Since 1994, this letter has been treated as c followed by h for collation (sorting) purposes only. In 2010, this letter was officially removed by the RAE from the Spanish alphabet.

Further reading edit

Tagalog edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Spanish ch.

Pronunciation edit

  • (letter name, chiefly upper class): IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃe/, [ˈt͡ʃɛ]

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /ˈtse/, [ˈt͡sɛ]

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /ˈse/, [ˈsɛ]

  • (phoneme, chiefly upper class): IPA(key): /t͡ʃ/, [t͡ʃ]

  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /ts/, [ts]

  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /s/, [s]
  • Rhymes: -e

Letter edit

ch (lower case, upper case CH, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒ) (historical)

  1. The fourth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Abecedario), called che and written in the Latin script.

Uzbek edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

ch (upper case Ch)

  1. The twenty-eighth letter of the Uzbek alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also edit

Welsh edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

ch (lower case, upper case Ch)

  1. The fourth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èch and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by C and followed by D.

Usage notes edit

Like the other Welsh digraphs, ch is considered a distinct letter of the Welsh alphabet for all purposes, including collation. Thus, chwech is alphabetically sorted after cyllell.

Mutation edit

  • ch cannot be mutated in Welsh.

See also edit

Further reading edit

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Xhosa edit

Pronunciation edit

Letter edit

ch (upper case Ch)

  1. A digraph in Xhosa orthography.
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