ik

English

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Some information about this term is available in Wiktionary's entry on the Southern dialectal variant of this pronoun, ich, and in Wiktionary's entry on I.

You can help us collect durably archived uses of this word at Citations:ik.

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Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Low German ik, West Frisian ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg. See I (English, etymology 3).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɪk

• audio

  (file)

• IPA: /ɪk/ (stressed), IPA: /ək/ (unstressed)

Pronoun

ik

1. First-person singular, subjective: I.

Declension

Dutch personal pronouns

	subject		object		possessive			reflexive
singular	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	pred.
1st person	ik	'k1	mij	me	mijn	m'n1	mijne	me
2nd person	jij	je	jou	je	jouw	je	jouwe	je
2nd person dialectal	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	zich
3rd person masculine	hij	ie1	hem	'm1	zijn	z'n1	zijne	zich
3rd person feminine	zij	ze	haar	'r1, d'r1	haar	'r1, d'r1	hare	zich
3rd person neuter	het	't1	het	't1	zijn	z'n1	zijne	zich
plural
1st person	wij	we	ons	–	ons, onze2	–	onze	ons
2nd person	jullie	je	jullie	je	jullie	je	–	je
2nd person dialectal	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	zich
3rd person	zij	ze	hen3, hun4	ze	hun	–	hunne	zich
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective.				3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative).

Quotations

• Julius Caesar

  Ik kwam, ik zag, ik overwon.

  I came, I saw, I conquered.

References

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Gothic

Romanization

ik

1. See 𐌹𐌺

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Latvian

Adverb

ik

1. every

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Low German

Alternative forms

• (Low Prussian) öck, eck

Etymology

From Old Saxon ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ik/

Pronoun

ik

1. (in some dialects) I (first person singular pronoun)

   Ik kem, ik seg, ik wünd (Low German) / Ik keem, ik keek, ik wun (Plautdietsch)

   I came, I saw, I conquered. (veni, vidi, vici, attributed to Julius Caesar.)

Related terms

• mien (possessive: my, mine); mi (dative (also generally used in place of the accusative): me); wi (plural: we)

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Marshallese

Noun

ik

1. Alternative spelling of ek.

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Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Old Saxon ik, Old Frisian ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).

Pronoun

ik

1. I

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: ic
  • Dutch: ik

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Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Old Saxon ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).

Pronoun

ik

1. I

Declension

Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions

	singular					plural
	1st	2nd	3rd m	3rd f	3rd n	1st	2nd	3rd
nominative	ik	thū	hī	hiū, hiō	hit	wī	jī	hiā
accusative	mī	thī	hine	hiā	hit	ūs	jū, jō	hiā
dative	mī	thī	him	hire, hiāre	him	ūs	jū, jō	him, hirem, hiārem
genitive	mīn	thīn	sīn	hire, hiāre	sīn	ūser	jūwer	hira, hiāra

Descendants

• West Frisian: ik

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Old Saxon

Alternative forms

• ic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Old Frisian ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).

Pronoun

ik

1. I

Declension

Old Saxon personal pronoun declensions

Personal pronouns
Singular	1.	2.	3. m	3. f	3. n
Nominative	ik	thū	hē	sīu	it
Accusative	mī, mik	thī, thik	ina	sīa
Dative	mī	thī	imu	iru	it
Genitive	mīn	thīn	is	ira	is
Dual	1.	2.	-	-	-
Nominative	wit	git	-	-	-
Accusative	unk	ink	-	-	-
Dative
Genitive	unkaro	inka	-	-	-
Plural	1.	2.	3. m	3. f	3. n
Nominative	wī	gī	sīa	sīa	sīu
Accusative	ūs	īu, gīu
Dative			im
Genitive	ūsar	īuwar, gīuwar	iro

Descendants

• Low German: ik

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Scots

Etymology

From Old English ic (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *ek (“I”, pronoun).

Pronoun

ik

1. (rare) I. Now mostly used to be emphatical.

Wha did that? Ik!

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West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare North Frisian ick, Dutch ik, Low German ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg.

Pronoun

ik

1. I