κοντός
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editFrom the o-grade κοντ‑ of the root κεντ‑ underlying κεντέω, -ῶ (kentéō, -ô, “prick”), κέντρον (kéntron, “centre”).[1]
The Hellenistic Koine "short" sense is derived from the ancient "pole" sense, which referred to shorter kinds of spears, poles, hence "(short) pole" > "shortness". Compare κοντοφόρος (kontophóros, “carrying a (short) pole”) in contrast to δορῠφόρος (doruphóros, “carrying a (long) spear”).[2]
Not related to ἀκόντιον (akóntion, “javelin”).
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kon.tós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /konˈtos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /konˈtos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /konˈtos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /konˈdos/
Adjective
editκοντός • (kontós) m (feminine κοντή, neuter κοντόν); first/second declension (Koine)
Inflection
editNumber | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | κοντός kontós |
κοντή kontḗ |
κοντόν kontón |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντᾱ́ kontā́ |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντοί kontoí |
κονταί kontaí |
κοντᾰ́ kontá | |||||
Genitive | κοντοῦ kontoû |
κοντῆς kontês |
κοντοῦ kontoû |
κοντοῖν kontoîn |
κονταῖν kontaîn |
κοντοῖν kontoîn |
κοντῶν kontôn |
κοντῶν kontôn |
κοντῶν kontôn | |||||
Dative | κοντῷ kontôi |
κοντῇ kontêi |
κοντῷ kontôi |
κοντοῖν kontoîn |
κονταῖν kontaîn |
κοντοῖν kontoîn |
κοντοῖς kontoîs |
κονταῖς kontaîs |
κοντοῖς kontoîs | |||||
Accusative | κοντόν kontón |
κοντήν kontḗn |
κοντόν kontón |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντᾱ́ kontā́ |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντούς kontoús |
κοντᾱ́ς kontā́s |
κοντᾰ́ kontá | |||||
Vocative | κοντέ konté |
κοντή kontḗ |
κοντόν kontón |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντᾱ́ kontā́ |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντοί kontoí |
κονταί kontaí |
κοντᾰ́ kontá | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
κοντῶς kontôs |
κοντότερος kontóteros |
κοντότᾰτος kontótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Alternative forms
edit- κονδός (kondós)
Descendants
edit- Medieval and Modern Greek: κοντός (kontós) (sense: short)
Noun
editκοντός • (kontós) m (genitive κοντοῦ); second declension
Inflection
editCase / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ κοντός ho kontós |
τὼ κοντώ tṑ kontṓ |
οἱ κοντοί hoi kontoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ κοντοῦ toû kontoû |
τοῖν κοντοῖν toîn kontoîn |
τῶν κοντῶν tôn kontôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ κοντῷ tôi kontôi |
τοῖν κοντοῖν toîn kontoîn |
τοῖς κοντοῖς toîs kontoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν κοντόν tòn kontón |
τὼ κοντώ tṑ kontṓ |
τοὺς κοντούς toùs kontoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | κοντέ konté |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντοί kontoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Related terms
edit- κοντάριον (kontárion, diminutive)
- κοντᾰριοθήκη f (kontariothḗkē, “spear-case”)
- κονταφόρος m (kontaphóros), κοντοφόρος m (kontophóros, “carrying a (short) pole”)
- κόντῐλος (kóntilos, diminutive) (obscure sense)
- κοντοβολέω, ῶ (kontoboléō, ô, “strike with a pole”)
- κοντοκῠνηγέσιον n (kontokunēgésion, “hunt with pikes”)
- κοντοπαίκτης m (kontopaíktēs, “acrobat on a pole”)
- κοντοπλεύριον n (kontopleúrion, “short side”) (usually in plural)
- κοντοπορεία f (kontoporeía, “short road”)
- κόντωσις f (kóntōsis, “fishing with a pole”)
- κοντωτῐ́της m (kontōtítēs, “puntsman”)
- κοντωτός (kontōtós, “furnished with a pole”)
Descendants
edit- ⇒ Ancient Greek: κοντάριον (kontárion, diminutive)
- → Latin: contus
- → Arabic: قُنْطَرِيَّة (qunṭariyya)
See also
edit- Also see the different etymological field of ἀκόντιον n (akóntion, “javelin”)
References
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κοντός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 747
- ^ κοντός - Babiniotis, Georgios (2010) Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας Etymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek language] (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre
- ^ κοντάριον - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.)
Further reading
edit- “κοντός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κοντός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κοντός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κοντός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Greek
editEtymology
edit- Sense pole: from Ancient Greek κοντός (“pole”) (noun).
- Sense short: from the Hellenistic Koine Greek κοντός (kontós, “short”) (adjective) from the ancient sense Ancient Greek κοντός (“pole”) which referred to shorter kinds of poles, hence the sense shortness.[1]
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editκοντός • (kontós) m (feminine κοντή, neuter κοντό)
Declension
editComparative κοντύτερος (kontýteros) & (and κοντότερος); no absolute superlative
number case \ gender |
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | κοντός • | κοντή • | κοντό • | κοντοί • | κοντές • | κοντά • |
genitive | κοντού • | κοντής • | κοντού • | κοντών • | κοντών • | κοντών • |
accusative | κοντό • | κοντή • | κοντό • | κοντούς • | κοντές • | κοντά • |
vocative | κοντέ • | κοντή • | κοντό • | κοντοί • | κοντές • | κοντά • |
derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο κοντός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο κοντός, etc.) |
comparative | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | κοντύτερος • | κοντύτερη • | κοντύτερο • | κοντύτεροι • | κοντύτερες • | κοντύτερα • |
genitive | κοντύτερου • | κοντύτερης • | κοντύτερου • | κοντύτερων • | κοντύτερων • | κοντύτερων • |
accusative | κοντύτερο • | κοντύτερη • | κοντύτερο • | κοντύτερους • | κοντύτερες • | κοντύτερα • |
vocative | κοντύτερε • | κοντύτερη • | κοντύτερο • | κοντύτεροι • | κοντύτερες • | κοντύτερα • |
derivations | relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο κοντύτερος", etc) |
Synonyms
edit- βραχύς (vrachýs, “short, brief”)
- βραχύσωμος (vrachýsomos, “with short body”)
Derived terms
edit- κοντά (kontá, “near”, adverb)
- κονταίνω (kontaíno, “shorten”)
- κοντεύω (kontévo)
- κοντινός (kontinós, “nearby, adjacent, close”)
- κοντο- (konto-, “short-”) compounds
See also
edit- απότομος (apótomos, “short conversationally”)
- λιγοστός (ligostós, “short, scarce”)
- μικρός (mikrós, “short in length”)
- σύντομος (sýntomos, “short in time”)
Noun
editκοντός • (kontós) m
Declension
editDerived terms
edit- άλμα επί κοντώ n (álma epí kontó, “pole vault”)
References
edit- ^ κοντός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
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