гибам
Bulgarian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *gybati. Etymologically identical with Old Church Slavonic гꙑбати (gybati, “to perish”), whence modern Bulgarian заги́вам (zagívam), поги́вам (pogívam). Modern semantics attested in prefixed прѣгꙑбати (prěgybati, “to bend, to shove”).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editги́бам • (gíbam) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective ги́бна or ги́бнувам) (dialectal)
- (transitive) to thread, to roll
- Synonym: задя́вам (zadjávam)
- (transitive) to shove, to push, to move
- (transitive) to hang, to dangle
- Synonym: зака́чам (zakáčam)
- (reflexive with се) to get involved (+ в (v))
- Synonym: ме́ся се (mésja se)
- (reflexive with се) to be touched, affected, moved (emotionally)
- Synonyms: зася́гам се (zasjágam se), тро́гвам се (trógvam se)
Conjugation
edit Conjugation of ги́бам (conjugation 3, imperfective, transitive)
participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | indefinite | ги́бащ gíbašt |
ги́бал, гиба́л1 gíbal, gibál1 |
ги́бал gíbal |
ги́бан gíban |
ги́байки gíbajki | |
definite subject form | ги́бащият gíbaštijat |
ги́балият, гиба́лият1 gíbalijat, gibálijat1 |
— | ги́баният gíbanijat | |||
definite object form | ги́бащия gíbaštija |
ги́балия, гиба́лия1 gíbalija, gibálija1 |
— | ги́бания gíbanija | |||
feminine | indefinite | ги́баща gíbašta |
ги́бала, гиба́ла1 gíbala, gibála1 |
ги́бала gíbala |
ги́бана gíbana | ||
definite | ги́бащата gíbaštata |
ги́балата, гиба́лата1 gíbalata, gibálata1 |
— | ги́баната gíbanata | |||
neuter | indefinite | ги́бащо gíbašto |
ги́бало, гиба́ло1 gíbalo, gibálo1 |
ги́бало gíbalo |
ги́бано gíbano |
ги́бане gíbane | |
definite | ги́бащото gíbaštoto |
ги́балото, гиба́лото1 gíbaloto, gibáloto1 |
— | ги́баното gíbanoto |
ги́бането gíbaneto | ||
plural | indefinite | ги́бащи gíbašti |
ги́бали, гиба́ли1 gíbali, gibáli1 |
ги́бали gíbali |
ги́бани gíbani |
ги́бания, ги́банета gíbanija, gíbaneta | |
definite | ги́бащите gíbaštite |
ги́балите, гиба́лите1 gíbalite, gibálite1 |
— | ги́баните gíbanite |
ги́банията, ги́банетата gíbanijata, gíbanetata |
person | singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present | ги́бам gíbam |
ги́баш gíbaš |
ги́ба gíba |
ги́баме gíbame |
ги́бате gíbate |
ги́бат gíbat | |
imperfect | ги́бах gíbah |
ги́баше gíbaše |
ги́баше gíbaše |
ги́бахме gíbahme |
ги́бахте gíbahte |
ги́баха gíbaha | |
aorist | ги́бах, гиба́х1 gíbah, gibáh1 |
ги́ба, гиба́1 gíba, gibá1 |
ги́ба, гиба́1 gíba, gibá1 |
ги́бахме, гиба́хме1 gíbahme, gibáhme1 |
ги́бахте, гиба́хте1 gíbahte, gibáhte1 |
ги́баха, гиба́ха1 gíbaha, gibáha1 | |
future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ги́бал/гиба́л1 m, ги́бала/гиба́ла1 f, ги́бало/гиба́ло1 n, or ги́бали/гиба́ли1 pl | ||||||
past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ги́бал/гиба́л1 m, ги́бала/гиба́ла1 f, ги́бало/гиба́ло1 n, or ги́бали/гиба́ли1 pl | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ги́бал/гиба́л1 m, ги́бала/гиба́ла1 f, ги́бало/гиба́ло1 n, or ги́бали/гиба́ли1 pl | ||||||
future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ги́бал/гиба́л1 m, ги́бала/гиба́ла1 f, ги́бало/гиба́ло1 n, or ги́бали/гиба́ли1 pl | ||||||
renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ги́бал m, ги́бала f, ги́бало n, or ги́бали pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ги́бал/гиба́л1 m, ги́бала/гиба́ла1 f, ги́бало/гиба́ло1 n, or ги́бали/гиба́ли1 pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ги́бал/гиба́л1 m, ги́бала/гиба́ла1 f, ги́бало/гиба́ло1 n, or ги́бали/гиба́ли1 pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ги́бал/гиба́л1 m, ги́бала/гиба́ла1 f, ги́бало/гиба́ло1 n, or ги́бали/гиба́ли1 pl | ||||||
dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ги́бал m, ги́бала f, ги́бало n, or ги́бали pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ги́бал/гиба́л1 m, ги́бала/гиба́ла1 f, ги́бало/гиба́ло1 n, or ги́бали/гиба́ли1 pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ги́бал/гиба́л1 m, ги́бала/гиба́ла1 f, ги́бало/гиба́ло1 n, or ги́бали/гиба́ли1 pl | ||||||
conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ги́бал m, ги́бала f, ги́бало n, or ги́бали pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ги́бал/гиба́л1 m, ги́бала/гиба́ла1 f, ги́бало/гиба́ло1 n, or ги́бали/гиба́ли1 pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ги́бал/гиба́л1 m, ги́бала/гиба́ла1 f, ги́бало/гиба́ло1 n, or ги́бали/гиба́ли1 pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ги́бал/гиба́л1 m, ги́бала/гиба́ла1 f, ги́бало/гиба́ло1 n, or ги́бали/гиба́ли1 pl | ||||||
conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ги́бал/гиба́л1 m, ги́бала/гиба́ла1 f, ги́бало/гиба́ло1 n, or ги́бали/гиба́ли1 pl | |||||||
imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
ги́бай gíbaj |
ги́байте gíbajte |
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
edit- изги́бам (izgíbam, “to skew, to distort”) (dialectal)
- наги́бам (nagíbam, “to roll, to shove”), наги́бам се (nagíbam se, “to bow”) (dialectal)
- поги́бам (pogíbam, “to impel, to poke, to prod”) (dialectal)
- подги́бам се (podgíbam se, “to ridicule, to mock”) (dialectal, figuratively)
- сги́бам се (sgíbam se, “to croach”) (dialectal)
- гиба́чка (gibáčka), ги́баница (gíbanica, “teasing, josh”) (dialectal)
- ги́бел (gíbel, “roll of yarn”) (dialectal)
- ги́бък (gíbǎk, “flexile”)
Related terms
edit- гъ́на (gǎ́na), сгъ́вам (sgǎ́vam, “to fold, to bend”)
- ги́на (gína), заги́вам (zagívam), поги́вам (pogívam, “to perish”)
- ги́бел (gíbel, “demise, honorable death”)
References
edit- “гибам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гибам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 239
- Nayden Gerov (1895) “гꙑ́бамь”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 262
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